The HBV DNA Amounts in Serum Have No relationship with ALT level and Hetergeneous Population Coexits in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Chun, Yoon-Keun,Ha, Joo-hun,Hong-Jung-Woo,Oh, Soo-Myung,Kim, Sung-Soo 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Yoon-Keun Chun¹,Joohun Ha□Hong-Jung Woo□, Soo Myung Oh□,Sung Soo Kim□ ¹Department of Molecular Biology, College of Medicine,²Department of Surgery, college of Medicine,³Department of Internal Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine,and ⁴East-Weat Medical Reserch Institute,Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. The HBV DNA Amounts in Serum Have No relationship with ALT level and Hetergeneous Population Coexits in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 212-230, 1999. -Hepatitis B is caused by hepadnavirus. Hepatitis B virus replicates through 3.5kb pregenomic RNA intermediate which is regulated by core promoter. Pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus has been bilieved the result of host immune response. But recently many studies have reported that high level of viral replication caused by mutation in core promoter might result in severs hepatitis. But these studies were performed in vitro, not in vivo. So there is yet debate about which factor, viral of host factor, is more important in pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus. So we measured real viral replication level in 204 chronic hepatitis B patients by quantifying HBV DNA from sera by our novel PCR-based more sensitive method, and compared these results with ALT level measured from same sera, which indicates liver cell damage. Surprisingly there are no significant correlation between HBV DNA quantity and ALT level. Then we cloned core promoter region. In SSCP, we found that many viral mutants coexist in one patient. Base on SSCP result, we chose main viral core promoter type in each patients, which is thought to determine overall viral replication level in this patient. Main type of core promoter region of each 41 patients were directly sequenced. And with these we measured promoter activity by luciferase assay system and compared promoter activity with on another. We found tha there were some differences in promoter activity according to core promoter sequences. And we constructed replication-competent viral constructs with core promoter from 41 patients and Transfected these into HepG2 cell and measured HBV DNA by southern blot. There were also differences in HBV DNA quantity according to core promoter sequences. On these all results we investigated correlation between the effect of HBV core promoter on viral replication in vitro and HBN DNA quantity, ALT level from sera of each patients. We found there is no significant correlation among them. As a result, we concluded that in determining severity chronic hepatitis B patients, host factors of each patient is more important rather than replicative activity of virus itself.

Microstructure‑Strengthening Interrelationship of an Ultrasonically Treated Hypereutectic Al–Si (A390) Alloy

Soo‑Bae Kim,Young‑Hee Cho,Jae‑Gil Jung,Woon‑Ha Yoon,Young‑Kook Lee,Jung‑Moo Lee 대한금속·재료학회 2018 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.24 No.6

Ultrasonic melt treatment (UST) was applied to an A390 hypereutectic Al–Si alloy in a temperature range of 750–800 °Cand its influence on the solidification structure and the consequent increase in strength was investigated. UST at such a hightemperature, which is about 100 °C above the liquidus temperature, had little effect on the grain refinement but enhanced thehomogeneity of the microstructure with the uniform distribution of constituent phases (e.g. primary Si, α-Al and intermetallics)significantly refined. With the microstructural homogeneity, quantitative analysis confirmed that UST was found tosuppress the formation of Cu-bearing phases, i.e., Q-Al5Cu2Mg8Si6, Al2Cuphases that form in the final stage of solidificationwhile notably increasing the average Cu contents in the matrix from 1.29 to 2.06 wt%. A tensile test exhibits an increasein the yield strength of the as-cast alloy from 185 to 208 MPa, which is mainly associated with the solute increment withinthe matrix. The important role of UST in the microstructure evolution during solidification is discussed and the mechanismcovering the microstructure-strengthening interrelationship of the ultrasonically treated A390 alloy is proposed.

급성전골수성백혈병에서 백혈구성분채집술에 이은 치명적인 뇌출혈 2예

오윤정,박소윤,김윤정,한동석,김현수,최진혁,남동기,임호영,김효철,주희재 아주대학교 의과학연구소 1998 아주의학 Vol.3 No.1

The aim of this study is to report 2 cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia who died from intracranial hemorrhage following leukapheresis and to provide proper preventive measures against hemorrhage following leukapheresis. From 1994 to 1997, a total of twenty-six patients with leukemia underwent leukapheresis to control hyperleukocytosis at Ajou University Hospital. Two patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia received all-trans retinoic acid but developed drug-induced hyperleukocytosis. Shortly after leukapheresis, they died from intracranial hemorrhage. The risk factors for fatal hemorrhage are thought to be coexisting disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC), thrombocytopenia aggravated by leukapheresis, exacerbated coagulopathy related to mechanical trauma through leukapheresis and the excess use of citrate during leukapheresis. To reduce the risk of the bleeding associated with leukapheresis, it is necessary to replace platelet sufficiently before and after leukapheresis and to give calcium to correct coagulopathy induced by excess citrate which is used as anticoagulant as well as the correction of disseminated intravascular coagulation.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

우리나라 국가 GiS정책의 현황과 과제

정윤수 연세대학교 도시문제연구소 1997 地域社會開發論叢 Vol.5 No.-

정부는 1995년 5월에 「국가지리정보체계(NGIS) 구축 기본계획」 를 수립하면서 국가GIS사업에 박차를 가하기 시작했다. 그러나 이미 1970년대부터 GIS관련 기술을 개발하기 시작하여 최근에는 GIS활용체계(국토공간 이용 및 관리, 환경 및 교통대책, 재해예방 및 관리체계 등)의 개발에 주력하고 있는 미국, 일본 등 선진국들과 비교해 볼 때 우리는 아직 걸음마 단계에 불과한 형편이다. 또한 체계적인 준비가 결여된 채 짧은 기간에 걸쳐 정책내용이 결정 ·집행된 관계로 투자재원의 미약, 개발주체의 다원화에 따른 비효율성, 데이터의 통일성과 호환성 문제 등 벌써 많은 한계를 노출하고 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 정부가 수행하고 있는 국가 GIS 구축정책의 추진내용을 체계적으로 분석하여 그 실태 및 문제점들을 도출하고, 이를 토대로 향후의 효율적인 정책추진을 위한 제언을 하고자 하였다. 연구결과에 의하면 국가GIS정책의 추진에 있어 낮은 정책적 위상, 정책수립과정의 합리성 결여, 관련정보화정책과의 연계미비, 예산책정 및 재원분담의 합리성 결여, 관련 법ㆍ제도의 미정비, 업무배분의 부적절성이 문제점으로 파악되었다. 이러한 문제들을 해결하고 보다 효율적인 국가 GIS정책의 추진을 위해서는 법적 · 제도적 장치의 확립, 예산책정과 재원분담시 구체적인 사업예산의 산출근거와 사업의 우선순위 설정, 개별분과별 업무의 명확한 구분및 엄두의 성공적 수행에 대한 보상체계 확립, 그리고 민간부분과의 밀접한 파트너십을 만드는데 노력하여야 한다.

피로를 유발하는 등속성 수축시와 회복기 혈중젖산 및 외측광근의 EMG Power Specturm 변화

정정진,조현철,김기진,윤성원,오수일,홍관이,손태열 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 1991 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.1 No.1

To examine the change of blood lactate concentration, EMG power spectrum, and Torque during fatiguing isokinetic contraction and recovery phrase, 6 sprinters performed maximal isokinetic knee extension at angular velocity of 3.14 rad.sec??(180°sec??) to 75% decreasing point (25%PT) using CybexⅡ system. In exercise phase, there was significant correlation between the decrement of peak EMG and median frequency and that of torque, and decrement of torque was greater than that of EMG . In recovery phase, EMG was restituded as normal value rapidly in a minute, but torque was restituded more slowly, and blood lactate concentration increased gradually from 50%PT to 3 minute after recovery. As a result of this study, it is suggested that muscle fatique due to decreasing of metabolic substrate and accumulation of metabolic products in peripheral site of muscle, and that inhibitory factors act neuromuscular junction in the end of exercise from rapid restitution of EMG in recovery phase.

직교 변환을 이용한 블라인드 등화 알고리즘에 관한 연구

윤태성,정수영 國立 昌原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1999 産技硏論文集 Vol.13 No.-

In this study, we proposed the frequency domain Sato and CMA (Constant Modulus Algorithm) blind equalization algorithms that have the improved convergence speed characteristics using the orthogonal transforms (DFT, DCT-Discrete Fourier/Cosine Transform). And then, the convergence characteristics of the frequency domain CMA/Sato (DFT-CMA, DCT-CMA/DFT-Sato, DCT-Sato) are compared with those of the conventional LMS based CMA/Sato blind algorithms for the real data and the complex data(4QAM, 16QAM). Simulation results show that the frequency domain Sato and CMA blind equalization algorithms have better convergence speed, especially when the distortion of the communication channel increases, than the conventional CMA.

아동학대예방 및 보호 네트워크 분석

정윤수,이정희 한국정책학회 2003 韓國政策學會報 Vol.12 No.3

우리나라는 가부장적인 유교적 전통의 영향으로 아동에 대한 엄격한 훈육방식이 장려되어 왔으며, 자녀양육은 어디까지나 부모의 권리로 보장되어 왔다. 그 결과 아동학대에 대한 사회 전반의 인식이 낮으며, 아동학대예방에 대한 법·제도도 최근에 와서야 만들어졌다. 아동학대문제는 아동학대의 예방 및 보호, 그리고 치료 등이 함께 이루어져야 한다는 점에서 매우 포괄적일 뿐만 아니라 제공되는 서비스도 의료적, 사법적, 교육적, 행정적, 사회복지적, 그리고 민간자원의 활용에 이르기까지 매우 다양한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이러한 다양한 관련기관들로 형성되어 있는 아동학대예방 및 보호 네트워크의 분석틀을 만들어보고 아동학대예방센터을 중심으로 네트워크의 행위자들(사법기관, 의료기관, 교육기관, 행정기관, 사회복지기관, 민간부문)이 실제로 어느 정도의 연계를 가지고 아동학대 예방 및 보호에 관여하고 있는가를 분석하고 평가해 보았다. 아동학대보호 및 예방 네트워크는 어느 정도 작동되고 있기는 하나 연계수준은 낮은 편이었다. 논문에서는 분석결과를 바탕으로 네트워크의 효과성을 높이기 위한 정책방향도 제시하였다. Social concern about child abuse and neglect in Korean has been low, because of its long tradition of confucianism. Recently laws and regulations against child abuse and neglect have been made. Prevention and protection against child abuse and neglect could be successfully achieved through the close cooperation among various related sectors, including medical, judicial educational, public administration, social welfare, and private sector. This paper tried to establish the framework of the network of these sectors for prevention and protection of child abuse and neglect. Based on this framework, the cooperation level of each sector with centers for prevention of child abuse is examined. The result shows that the network of prevention and protection against child abuse and neglect is working in some degree, but the level of cooperation is still low. This paper also suggests policy directions for improving the effectiveness of the network.

변연성 발육성 치아종 : A Case of Peripheral Developing Odontoma

윤정훈,임경수,손홍범 조선대학교 구강생물학연구소 2003 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.27 No.1

A peripheral odontoma is a relatively rare lesion and is thought to represent the soft tissue counterpart of the central or intraosseous odontoma. Although several odontogenic tumors can occur peripherally, only a few cases of peripheral odontomas involving the gingival tissues have been reported. No earlier stage of peripheral odontoma or peripheral developing odontoma has been described. Here, we report a case of a peripheral developing odontoma occurring in the gingiva of a 4-rear-old Korean boy. Microscopic sections showed several nodules of developing rudimentary tooth germ-like structures in the gingival tissue. It seems likely that this case arise from remnants of the dental lamina located in the gingiva, since the clinical and histologic presentation lends support to the peripheral origin of this tumor.

황정(黃精) 추출물의 화학구조결정에 관한 연구 (Ⅰ)

윤중호,박주희,김정주,권기락,안철진,주우홍,강진호,신동수 Institute of Genetic Engineering Changwon National 1998 Gene and Protein Vol.2 No.1

본 연구에서는 황정 속에 포함되어 있는 생리활성 물질을 hexane, CHCl₃과 n-butanol층에서 각각의 성분들을 추출하였고, hexane층에서 분리된 화합물 I과 H 중에서, 화합물 I의 봐학구조를 ¹H-nmr, ??, DEPT135, COSY, HMQC, HMBC 스펙트럼 및 MS 스펙트럼 등의 분광학적인 방법에 의해 결정하였다. 화합물 I의 구조는 9,12-(9E, 12E)-octadecadienoic acid 임을 확인하였다. In this Paper, biologically active compounds were extracted using organic solvents as hexane. CHC1₃, n-butanol to give each component. Chemical structure of compound I was characterized using ¹H-nmr, ??, DEPT135, COSY, HMQC, HMBC spectrum and MS-spectrum, in separated compound I and Ⅱ from hexane layer. Finally, chemical structure of compound I was determined as 9,12-(9E,12E)-octadecadienoic acid.