Microstructure‑Strengthening Interrelationship of an Ultrasonically Treated Hypereutectic Al–Si (A390) Alloy

Soo‑Bae Kim,Young‑Hee Cho,Jae‑Gil Jung,Woon‑Ha Yoon,Young‑Kook Lee,Jung‑Moo Lee 대한금속·재료학회 2018 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.24 No.6

Ultrasonic melt treatment (UST) was applied to an A390 hypereutectic Al–Si alloy in a temperature range of 750–800 °Cand its influence on the solidification structure and the consequent increase in strength was investigated. UST at such a hightemperature, which is about 100 °C above the liquidus temperature, had little effect on the grain refinement but enhanced thehomogeneity of the microstructure with the uniform distribution of constituent phases (e.g. primary Si, α-Al and intermetallics)significantly refined. With the microstructural homogeneity, quantitative analysis confirmed that UST was found tosuppress the formation of Cu-bearing phases, i.e., Q-Al5Cu2Mg8Si6, Al2Cuphases that form in the final stage of solidificationwhile notably increasing the average Cu contents in the matrix from 1.29 to 2.06 wt%. A tensile test exhibits an increasein the yield strength of the as-cast alloy from 185 to 208 MPa, which is mainly associated with the solute increment withinthe matrix. The important role of UST in the microstructure evolution during solidification is discussed and the mechanismcovering the microstructure-strengthening interrelationship of the ultrasonically treated A390 alloy is proposed.

Effect of Ultrasonic Melt Treatment on Solidification Microstructure of Al–5Ti–1B Alloy Containing Numerous Inoculant Particles

Soo‑Bae Kim,Jae‑Gil Jung,Young‑Hee Cho,Su‑Hyeon Kim,Kwangjun Euh,Jung‑Moo Lee 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.7

The effect of ultrasonic melt treatment (UST) on the solidification microstructure of an Al–5Ti–1B alloy containing highvolumefractions of Al3Tiand TiB2particles is investigated for various UST times with different melt holding times. Theas-cast Al–5Ti–1B alloy is composed of TiB2and polygonal Al3Tiparticles (present prior to UST), plate-like Al3Tiparticles,and Al grains (formed during UST and/or solidification). The UST causes a size reduction and homogeneous distributionof the TiB2-agglomerated region containing many submicron-sized TiB2particles pushed to the grain boundaries. The USTslightly decreases the size and improves the distribution of polygonal Al3Tiparticles enriched in the TiB2-agglomeratedregion. Unlike the TiB2and polygonal Al3Tiparticles, which exhibit a minor refining effect, the plate-like Al3Tiparticlesshow a significant refinement with UST application. The UST has a significant effect on the size distribution of Al grains byinducing the formation of medium-sized grains at the expense of small and large grains; however, it only has a slight effecton grain refinement. The degree of microstructure modification increases with increasing UST time but decreases with meltholding time after UST. The mechanisms for the refinement and dispersion of the TiB2and Al3Tiparticles and Al grains arediscussed considering fragmentation, nucleation, and growth behaviors induced by the UST and subsequent solidification.

서남해안 지방에서 발생한 Vibrio vulnificus 감염의 임상적 고찰

조남수,김춘호,김성중,김용배,조수형,안태훈 大韓應急醫學會 1999 대한응급의학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Background: V. vulnificus infection in found between May and October when the man who has hepatic disorder or immunity disorder eats raw shellfish and it causes the systemic symptoms such as sudden fever, chilling, shock and stupor and local skin lesions like bleb and necrosis. This disease has 46∼61% of fatality rate in spite of intensive treatment. This study conducts the examination of history, epidemic study, ingesting raw fish and bacteriologic investigation in the patients with similar clinical symptoms to the above and examines the diagnostic dorrelations. Method: It is conducted with 31 cases who admitted at emergency medical center of Chosun University Hospital from May of 1995 to September of 1998 and are suspected to have V.vulnificus infection. It analyze bacteriologic examination, the survey of residence, eating raw shellfish, hepatic disorder, alcohol drinking habits and skin lesion. Results: 1) The rate of male and female is 15.5:1 and in the age, 18 cases are in fifties, seven are in forties and six are over sixties. 2) Clinically, V.vulnificus is detected in 20 of 31 cases which is suspected to have V.vulnificus infection and it is not detected in 5 cases. Other bacteria are detected in 6 cases and they include staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas species, β-hemolytic streptococcus and E-coil. 3) In local distribution, Kohung has 10 cases, Shinan and Mokpo have six, Haenam and Kangjin have five, Yongkwang and Muan have five, Naju and Yongam have five and Kwangju has one. 4) Eating fishes and raw shellfishes is found in 31 cases. In the kind of shellfishes, eating raw clam is 10 cases, raw thin-shelled surf calm is 8 cases, raw oyster is 5 cases and sliced raw fish is 4 cases and pickled sea foods are 4 cases. 5) The cases with hepatic disorder are 23 and 15 cases with heavy alcohol drinking Carrier are included. The cases with Diabetic Mellitus are four and those with pulmonary tuberculosis are two. Two cases have not basal diseases. 6) On the opinion of skin lesion, 20 cases show vesicular necrosis, 7 cases have dendriform erythema, 3 cases have papule and one case doesn't show clear skin lesion. Conclusion: When V.vulnificus infection is detected, it is fatal and those who have hepatic disorder or heavy alcohol drinking habit must avoid eating fishes and shellfishes raw in summer. It is important to have emergency treatment for the patient whose V.vulnificus infection is suspected. It is considered that the administration of initial antibiotics is effective by generalizing the clinical symptom, epidemic opinion and patient history even before the results of bacteriologic confirmed.

관동맥질환에서 저밀도 지단백 입자 크기의 분포

임효영,김인숙,승기배,강동헌,전두수,장기육,박준철,이수영,홍순조,최규보 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.8

백서 해마에서 카이닌산에 의한 조기유전자의 발현과 p42, p44 MAPK 및 EIK-1 인산화의 발달 단계에 따른 변화

정희연,김수진,김종흔,정선주,박주배,김용식,조수철 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.4

연구목적 : 어린 백서에게 카이닌산(kainic acid, KA)을 주사하여 발작을 일으킨 후, 해마에서 조기유전자 -c-fos, junB, 및 TIS1의 발현 유도 양상을 발달 단계별로 조사하여 전기경련충격(electroconvulsive shock, ECS)에서의 결과와 비교함으로써 백서 뇌 신호전달계의 성숙과정을 파악하고자 하였다. 그리고 KA 주사후 p42, p44 mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK)의 인산화 및 그에 의해 활성화되는 것으로 알려진 전사인자 Elk-1의 인산화를 관찰하여, KA 주사후 MAPK 신호절달계를 통한 c-fos의 발현로 알려진 전사인자 Elk-1의 인산화를 관찰하여, KA 주사후 MAPK 신호전달계를 통한 c-fos의 발현 경로를 발달 단계별로 밝히고자 하였다. 방 법 : 생후 7, 14 21일 된 수컷 백서에서 KA를 복강내 주사한 후, 백서 해마에서 조기유전자의 발현 양상은 northern blot analysis로, p42, p44 MAPK와 Elk-1의 인산화는 immunoblotting으로 관찰하였다. 결 론 : 생후 7일된 백서의 해마에서는 ECS와는 달리, KA에 의한 세 가지 조기유전자의 발현이 관찰되지 않았다. 그러나 생후 14일부터 이들 조기유전자의 뚜렷한 발현을 관찰할 수 있었고 생후 21일에는 성숙한 백서와 같은 수준의 발현 양상을 볼 수 있었다. 세 가지 유전자 모두 백서의 연령과 KA 주사 후 시간에 따른 발현 유도 양상은 비슷하였다. p42, p44 MAPK는 생후 7일부터 상당한 수준의 기저치 인산화가 관찰되었으나, KA에 의한 인산화 증가는 생후 14일부터 관찰되었다. Elk-1의 인상화 역시 생후 7일부터 높은 수준으로 관찰되었으나 KA 주사 후 시간에 따른 Elk-1 인산화의 변화는 관찰할 수 없었다. 결 론 : ECS와 KA가 조기유전자 발현 양상에 차이를 보이는 것은 이들 유전자의 발현과 관련되어 활성화되는 신호전달경로의 차이 때문으로 생각된다. 백서 해마에서 KA에 의한 MAPK 활성화에 관여하는 신호 전달 기구는 연령이 높아짐에 따라 점차 성숙하고, MAPK의 활성화로 전달된 신호는 Elk-1 이외의 다른 경로를 통해 c-fos 발현을 조절하는 것으로 추측된다. Objectives : In order to investigate the maturational process of intracellular signal transduction system in rat brain, we studied the induction of the immediate early genes(IEGs)-c-fos, iunB, and TIS1 in each developmental stage after kainic acid(KA)-induced seizure in young rat hippocampus and then compared these with the results after electroconvulsive shock(ECS) And to elucidate the induction mechanism of c-fos via mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) by KA in each developmental stage, we investigated the phosphorylation of p42, p44 MAPK and Elk-1 after KA treatment in young rat hippocampus. Methods : We examined the induction patterns of IEGs by northern blot analysis, and the phosphorylation of p42, p44 MAPK and Elk-1 by immunoblotting in rat hippocampus at post-natal day 7, 14, and 21(P7, P14 & P21), respectively after intraperitoneal injection of KA. Results : Unlike ECS, KA did not induce c-fos, junB, and TIS1 in P7 hippocampus. But these genes were apparently induced at P14 and to an adult level at P21. These three IEGs showed similar temporal patterns of induction in each developmental stage. Although the basal level of phosphorylated 42p, 44p MAPK was considerable in P7 rat hippocampus, the increase or phosphorylation after KA treatment was observed at P14. While the phosphorylation of Elk-1 was detected with high basal level in P7 rat, the amount of phosphorylated Elk-1 was not changed after KA treatment. Conclusion : Our results suggest that the differences in IEGs induction patterns between KA and ECS may be due to the differences in the activated signal transduction pathways. And our results also implicate that the signal transduction system involved in MAPK phosphorylation after KA treatment mature with aging and c-fos induction via MAPK activation may be regulated through some pathways other than Elk-1 in rat hippocampus.

Clinical significance of HIF-2α immunostaining area in radioresistant cervical cancer (초)

김민규 ( Min Kyu Kim ),( Tae Joong Kim ),( You Young Lee ),( Chel Hun Choi ),( Jeong-Won Lee ),( Duk Soo Bae1 ),( Je Ho Lee ),( Byoung Gie Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2010 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.96 No.-

관상동맥 질환에서 CD14 유전자형에 따른 세균 및 Heat Shock Protein에 대한 반응의 차이

한주용,최수연,조현주,김화평,강현재,구본권,김남중,김효수,손대원,오병희,박영배,최윤식 대한감염학회 2007 감염과 화학요법 Vol.39 No.1

Background : CD14 is the receptor for lipopolysaccharides and heat shock protein (HSP), which has been suggested being associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated whether the response to infectious agents or HSP is different according to CD14 polymorphism in Koreans. Materials and Methods : Antibody titers to Helicobacter pylori, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and human HSP60 (hHSP60) were measured in 48 patients with stable CAD and in 41 healthy controls by ELISA. CD14 genotype was determined by PCR and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was measured. Results : Seropositivity to C. pneumoniae and H. pylori, and antibody titer to hHSP60 were not significantly associated with the presence of CAD. CD14 genotype distribution was 31 TT (35%), 43 CT (48%), and 15 CC (17%). To compare the response to the infectious organism and hHSP60, we divided study population into 3 groups; CAD patients with non-TT genotype (group I, n=30), CAD patients with TT genotype (group II, n=18), and normal controls (group III, n=41). Seropositivity to C. pneumoniae and H. pylori, and antibody titer to hHSP60 were not significantly different among 3 groups. Though hs-CRP level was significantly different among 3 groups, post-Hoc analysis showed that hs-CRP level was not significantly different between group I and group II (group I: 1.6[1.1-3.5] mg/L and group II: 0.35[0.1-2.0] mg/L). Conclusions : This study suggests that the inflammatory responses to infectious organisms and HSP do not differ according to the CD14 genotype in Koreans. 목적 : 만성적인 세균 감염이나 자가 면역 반응이 동맥경화와 연관되어 있다는 주장이 제기되어 왔다. CD14은 lipopolysaccharides (LPS)와 heat shock protein(HSP)의 수용체로 C(-260)→T 다형성이 관상동맥 질환의 위험과 관련되어 있다고 제안되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 한국인에서 CD14 다형성에 따른 LPS와 HSP에 대한 반응성을 염증표지자를 측정하여 살펴보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 안정형 관상동맥 환자 48명과 정상 대조군 41명을 대상으로 Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori 항체 및 인체 HSP60 (hHSP60) 항체 역가를 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 방법으로 측정하였다. CD14 유전자형은 중합효소연쇄반응을 이용하여 결정하였고 hs-CRP를 측정하였다. 결과 : C. pneumonias 및 H. pylori 항체 양성 여부 및 항체 역가, 그리고 hHSP60에 대한 항체 역가는 안정형 관상동맥 질환의 유무와 유의한 상관관계는 없었다. CD14 유전자형의 분포는 TT 30명(39%), CT 31명(40%), 그리고 CC 16명(21%)이었다. 관상동맥 질환 군에서 TT 유전자형은 38%, 대조군에서는 32%로 TT 유전자형과 관상동맥 질환의 유무와는 유의한 상관관계가 발견되지 않았다(P>0.05). CD14 유전자형에 따라 C. pneumonias와 H.pylori 감염 및 hHSP60에 따른 반응에 차이가 있는지 여 부를 알아보기 위해, 관상동맥 질환 군을 다시 TT 유전자형 군과 non-TT 유전자형 군으로 나누어, 전체적으로 세군에서 항체 양성률과 역가를 비교하였다(I군: CD14 TT 유전자형을 가진 안정형 관상동맥 환자, II군: CD14 TT 유전자형을 가진 안정형 관상동맥 환자, III군: 정상 대조군). 세 군에서 C. pneumonias와 H. pylori 항체 양성률 및 hHSP60 항체 역가에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 세 군사이에 hs-CRP 값에 유의한 차이가 있었지만, post-Hoc분석에서 II군의 hs-CRP 값이 I군에 비해 유의하게 높지는 않았다(0.35 [0.1-2.0] mg/L in group II vs. 1.6 [1.1-3.5]mg/L in group I, P>0.05). 결론 : 본 연구는 한국인에서 CD14 유전자형에 따라 LPS나 HSP에 대한 반응이 유의하게 다르지 않음을 시사한다.

Rebounder 運動負荷後 恢復期의 心肺機能의 變化

裵玉錫,黃樹寬,金亨鎭,朱永恩 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1982 慶北醫大誌 Vol.23 No.2

20∼22歲의 男子大學生 61名을 硏究對象으로 하여 選手群(21名)과 非選手群(40名)으로 區分하였다 運動負荷는 rebouner에 垂直뛰기를 一分間에 80回程度로 3分동안 實施했으며, 運動後 恢復期 1, 3, 5, 10 및 20分에서 心搏數, 血壓, 呼吸數의 恢復樣相을 觀察하였다. 이로써 체력단속이 恢復期의 心肺機能에 미치는 影響을 分析하고 나아가서 恢復期의 心肺反應이 體力을 評價하는 指標가 될 것인가를 알고자 試圖한 本 硏究結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 安靜狀態의 心搏數는 選手群이 非選手群에 比해서 有意하게 낮았으며 血壓 및 呼吸數는 別 差異가 없었다. 運動負荷後 心搏數의 恢復은 選手群은 恢復 1分에 86.4±3.22回로서 非選手群의 118.0±2.81回에 比해 有意하게 낮았고, 兩群 모두 恢復初期에는 急速한 恢復을 보였으며 選手群이 非選手群에 比해 繼續有意하게 낮은 값으로 빠른 速度로 恢復되었다. 運動負荷後 收縮期血壓의 恢復樣相은 選手群이 非選手群보다 繼續 낮은 값으로 恢復되었으며, 特히 恢復 1分에 選手群은 161.2±1.78mmHg로 非選手群의 174.1±3.41mmHg에 比해 有意하게 낮았다. 兩群 모두 恢復初期에 急速히 恢復하여 恢復10分에는 安靜狀態로 恢復되었다. 그리고, 擴張期血壓은 非選手群은 期動後 安靜狀態보다 有意하게 높았으며, 選手群은 오히려 安靜狀態보다 낮았다. 平均動脈壓은 恢復初期에 選手群이 非選手群보다 높은 값으로 恢復되었으나 恢復10分부터는 거의 같은 값으로 恢復되었다. 脈壓은 選手群이 非選手群에 比해 繼續 有意하게 낮은 값으로 恢復되었다. 運動負荷後 呼吸數는 恢復 1分에 選手群에서는 27.1±1.23回로 非選手群의 35.5±1.17回에 比해 有意하게 낮았고, 兩群 모두 恢復 1,3分에 急速히 恢復되었으며, 選手群이 非選手群에 比해 繼續 有意하게 낮은 값으로 恢復되었다. 本硏究結果를 綜合하면 rebounder 運動負荷後 選手群의 心搏數, 血壓 및 呼吸數가 非選手群에 比해 有意하게 낮았으며, 그 恢復速度도 빨랐다. 특히 心搏數는 選手群과 非選手群 사이에 恢復初期부터 恢復 20分까지 繼續 有意한 差異를 나타낸 점은 體力을 客觀的으로 評價하는 重要한 資料가 될 것으로 思料되는 바이다. Sixty-one male subjects aged between 20-22 years were divided into the athletic and non-athletic groups. Exercise was performed as vertical jump on a rebounder at 80 times per min for 3min. The heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate were measured at 1, 3, 5, 10, and 20min after exercise in an effort to analyze the effect of the physical training on the cardiopulmonary function during the recovery period, and to find out if the cardiopulmonary responses during recovery period can be an index of physical fitness. The results are summarized as follows. In resting state, the heart rate was significantly lower in athletes than in non-athletes, while blood pressure and respiratory rate showed no significant difference between the two groups. The heart rate at 1min after the exercise was 86.4±3.22 in athletes which was significantly lower than 118.5±7.85 in non-athletes. The heart rate at the initial stage after exercise showed a rapid recovery in both groups. In athletes, it showed a rapid recovery to reach a significantly lower level than that of non-athletes. The systolic pressure was lower in athletes than in non-athletes throughout the recovery period. In particular, systolic pressure at 1min after the exercise was 161.2±1.78 mmHg in athletes which was significantly lower than 174.1±3.41mmHg in non-athletes. Systolic pressure at initial stage after the exercise showed a rapid recovery, and the resting value was retored in 10 min in both groups. Diastolic pressure during the recovery period was significantly higher in non-athletes and lower in athletes than the resting level.

골반 초음파 감시 하에 16 Gauge Angioneedle™을 사용하여 치료적 더글라스와 천자를 시행하여 치유된 복강 내 출혈 1예

김미영,이해혁,유애리,박정희,이임순,정수호,레앙소팔,배동한,김태희,이권해 순천향의학연구소 2008 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.14 No.1

Culdocentesis is a procedure that checks for abnormal Quid in the space just behind the vagina (cul-de-sac). First, a pelvic examination is done. Then, after exposing the postehor vaginal fonix with a bivalve vaginal speculum the posterior lip of the cervix is grasped with a tenaculum. The cul-de-sac is then entered through the postehor vaginal wall with an 18-20 gauge needle with a syringe inserted. As the cul-de-sac is entered, suction is applied, and the intraperitoneal contents are aspirated. In the recent past, culdocentesis was commonly used in the evaluation of a vahety of common intraperitoneal conditions, principally, the hemorrhage associated with ectopic gestations and ruptured ovarian cysts the presence and/or drainage of purulent associated with pelvic inGammatory disease, and as a screening procedure to facilitate early diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms. Usually 16-18 gauge needle with a syhnge attached was used for culdocentesis. But we have experienced a case of therapeutic culdocentesis with 16 gauge angioneedle in patient of hemoperitoneum. So, report it with a bhef review of literature.

一部地域 老人들의 主權的 建康水潗에 영향을 미치는 IADL에 관한 硏究

김근조,박흥기,권혁수,배수찬 대한정형물리치료학회 2001 대한정형도수물리치료학회지 Vol.7 No.1

This research have been made to define how the IADL (Instrumental Activity of Daily Living) performance and the subjective health index of the Aged are affected by their residential circumstance, gender and age, and how deeply these two factors are related and interact. For the period of June 1 to July 31, 2000, we had conducted a questionnaire and direct interview with 693 persons over age sixty-five (65) in Daejon and in other adjacent area, grouping into three different residential types The Aged living at home, The Aged living at welfare facilities and The Aged living alone, and studied on how the IADL performance and the subjective health index of the Aged are influenced and interact as per their characteristics, daily activity and mentality. We had analyzed all the data obtained through this research by the method of : - analysis of frequency as per specific factors by SPSS 10.0/PC+, - x^2 test, - t - test, - ANOVA, - multiple regression analysis by factors. The research concludes followings : a. It appears that the three (3) factors such as gender, age and residential circumstance of the Aged deeply affect the IADL performance and subjective health index of the Aged. (p<0.01) b. With regard to IADL performance of the Aged by the gender, it was analyzed that the female-Aged gains 23.8 point on average, which shows the performance of the female-Aged is less independent. (p<0.01). In addition, it was also found that the IADL performance is becoming less and less independent following their age increasing. In analyzing IADL performance by the residential type, it appears that the Aged living at welfare facilities gains the lowest 21.5 points and is least independent. It was also found that the Aged living at welfare facilities need some assistances from others for their performing IADL. (20-24 point) (p<0.001) c. With regard to the subjective health index of the all-Aged participated in this research, the analysis indicates 8.8 point and this is considered as a point of general standard (7-10 point). In analyzing this index by the gender, the female-Aged gains only 8.6 point which explains a lot of female-Aged consider they are not really healthy. (p<0.001) In analyzing this index by the residential type, the Aged living at welfare facilities and the Aged living alone gain the comparatively lower point, - respectively 8.4 point for the Aged living at welfare facilities and 8.8 point for the Aged living alone. The Aged living at these two residential types express they are obviously in a bad situation of health. (p<0.001) d. With regard to the factors affecting the IADL performance and the subjective health index of the Aged, it was analyzed that the IADL performance can largely be affected by the factors such as depression, frequency of going-out and age rising, and that the subject health index can also deeply be affected by depression, pain and by how much they are satisfied with their current living conditions. e. It was analyzed that the interacting between the IADL performance and the subjective health index is not that strong but even weak. As a result, we were able to conclude that the IADL performances is less independent in case of the female-Aged, the Aged living at welfare facilities, and following the age rising. As for the subjective health state the Aged themselves are aware of, we concluded that the female-Aged, the Aged living at welfare facilities and the Aged living alone, are more critical about their health. From this research, we were able to realize that, when the OMT (Orthopedic Manual Therapy) needed, the physical therapists are really required to have a correct and cautious understanding of the situation in which the aged persons are, and take care of them with more concerns and more improved treatment.