서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)

김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1

In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.

2003년 국내 중증급성호흡기증후군 진료 현황 및 문제점 분석

이진수,김은실,정문현,백제중,정선화,안주희,최영화,이선희,고철우,김성범,김민자,박승철,기현균,송재훈,최상호,김양수,이상오,조용균,박영훈,정숙인,김연숙,이흥범,손창희,장성희,정희진,김우주 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : 2002년 말 중국에서 SARS가 발생한 이후 국내에서도 2003년 10월까지 총 3명의 추정환자, 17명의 의심환자가 보고되었다. 향후 추가적인 SARS의 유행이 우려되는 상황에서, 그간의 SARS 환자 진료에 있어서의 실질적인 준비사항, 진료 현황 등에 대한 조사를 통해 문제점을 파악하여, 향후 더 나은 대비가 될 수 있도록 개선점을 제시하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : SARS로 의심되는 환자를 진료 경험이 있는 병원의료진을 대상으로 2003년 10월에 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문에는 SARS 환자 진료 시의 실질적인 조치, 진료 현황, 병실, 응급실 및 외래에서의 격리 시설과 준비사항, 보건당국의 관리와 지원에 관한 사항을 포함하였다. 결과 : 대상이 되는 22개 병원 중 17개(17/22, 77.2%) 병원이 설문에 응하였다. SARS 환자를 위한 격리실은 응급실, 외래, 일반병실 및 중환자실에서 각각 9개(9/17, 52.9%), 5개(5/17, 29.4%), 15개(15/16, 93.7%), 4개(4/16, 25%) 병원에서 음압처리가 되어있지 않은 일인실 혹은 다인실이 사용되었고, 1개(1/16, 6.3%) 병원에서만 일반병실에서 음압격리실이 운영되었다. 입원환자의 진찰 시 개인보호구의 착용은 거의 모든 의료기관에서 이루어졌다. 보건당국에서 SARS지정병원의 시설 등을 사전에 확인한 곳은 1곳(1/12, 8.3%)이였고, 14개 병원(14/15, 93.3%)에서는 보건당국에 의뢰한 검사결과를 통하 받지 못하였다. 결론 : 의료기관에서 SARS 환자용 격리실뿐만 아니라 기존의 격리실 설비 등이 미흡하였으며, 특히 중환자실 및 외래의 준비가 더욱 부족하였다. 보건당국의 의료기관에 대한 종합적인 지원이 부족하였고, 병원과의 원활한 연계가 잘 이루어지지 않았다. SARS 만이 아닌 격리를 필요로 하는 질환의 적절한 진료를 위해 향후 병원 시설의 정비와 정부차원에서의 보다 구체적이고 실질적인 대책마련이 필요하다. Background : There was an worldwide outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated from China in late 2002. During that period three cases of suspected SARS and 17 cases of probable SARS were reported in Korea. With the concerns about the reemergence of SARS-coV transmission, it is important to be prepared for any possibility. So, this study is aimed to analysis the past measures in managing SARS and propose the amendatory plans to improve the preparedness. Materials & Methods : Questionnaires were collected among clinicians with any experience in managing the probable or suspected SARS cases in Oct. 2003. 17 out of 22 hospitals responded to the questionnaire. The contents in the questionnaire were practical activities, personal equipments, response plans, isolation facilities in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards and intensive care units, and relationship with the public health department. Results : The dedicated isolation rooms in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards, and intensive care units were prepared in 9 (9/17, 52.9%), 5 (5/17, 29.4%), 15 (15/16, 93.7%), and 4 (4/16, 25.0%) hospitals, respectively. Except for one hospital that newly made negative pressure room for SARS, single or multi-bed rooms without airborne infection control were used in all the other hospitals. The personal precaution principles were kept quite well in general wards. Before the designation of SARS hospital by the public health department prior evalution to see if the hospital was suitable for managing SARS was conducted in only 1 (1/12, 8.3%) hospital. The results of laboratory diagnosis were reported back in 1 (1/15, 6.6%) hospital. Conclusions : The isolation facilities which can control airborne infection were almost deficient not only for SARS but also for other respiratory transmissible diseases. For the infection control of transmissible diseases including SARS, more investment is needed on medical facilities and comprehensive support from the public health department required.

웹 카메라를 이용한 시설 내 국화생산 광 환경 원격 모니터링

정선옥(Sun-Ok Chung),김용주(Yong-Joo Kim),이규호(Kyu-Ho Lee),성남석(Nam-Seok Sung),이철휘(Cheol-Hwi Lee),노현권(Hyun-Kwon Noh) 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2015 농업과학연구 Vol.42 No.4

Increase of national family income improved demand of high-quality and year-round horticultural products including chrysanthemum. To meet these demand, farmers have introduced protected facilities, such as greenhouses, of which environmental conditions could be monitored and controlled. Environment management up to three weeks after transplanting is critical for chrysanthemum quality. Artificial lighting and light-blocking screen are especially important for long-day (day period > 13 hours) and short-day (night period > 13 hours) treatments. In this study, a web-camera was installed, and the image was obtained and transmitted to mobile phones to monitor the status of 3-wavelength(RGB) lighting environments. RGB pixel values were used to determine malfunctioning of the lighting lamps, and leaking out and incoming illumination status during short-day and long-day treatment periods. Normal lighting lamps provided RGB pixel values of 240~255. During long-day treatment period, G pixel values were useful to detect abnormal lighting conditions (e.g., leaking). During short-day treatment period, R pixel values were useful to determine incoming light (e.g., sun-light). Results of this study would provide useful information for remote monitoring of light conditions for protected chrysanthemum production under artificial lights.

Purge & Trap-GC를 이용한 의약품 필름코팅 정제 중 잔류용제에 관한 연구

장준식,이명자,소유섭,문춘선,이주헌,박희라,김진숙,강경모,이선옥,방성연,유미자,유문균,금오성,이병욱 식품의약품안전청 2000 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.4 No.-

의약품은 약물을 생체에 적풋하기 위하여 유효성분의 효과가 언제나 일정하게 확보되고 사응에 편리하도록 만들어지는 것이므로 유효썽분 이외에 약효에 영향을 주지 않는 성분이 첨가되는 경운가 많다. 이 때 사용되는 용매들은 제피의 광택 및 건쪼시간의 단축 등을 위하여 휘발점이 낮을 용매들이 주로 사용되어진다. 본 연구는 의약품 필름코팅정제 중 잔류용매 4종(chlorofonr benzen, trichloro ethylen, 1,4-dioxane)에 대한 변형된 pirge & trap-GC 장치를 이용한 동시분석방법을 개발하였으며, 각 표준품의 RSD 값은 chloroform 3.03%, benzen 3.17%, trichloroethylen 3.69% and 1,4-dioxane 3.41%였다. 또한 시중 유통중인 의약품 50종에 대하여 잔류웅매 양을 측정하였으며, 검출되는 잔류용매는 한 건도 없었다. This study nras carried out to develope the analytical method for the mixture of chlorefonn, benzen, trichloroethylen and 1,4-dioxane simultaneously and determine the remainingorgauic solvents in coating tablets by Purge & Trap-GC. The results were as follouFs ; 1. Chloroform, benzen, trio:tloroethylen and 1,4-dioxane separated by tenax #5 trap by HP-624GC column by terrlperature programming. The peaks were separated completely at retentiontime of 6.88min for chloroform, 8.21min for benzen, 10.38miu for trichloroethylen and 11.95minfor 1,4-dioxane. 2. Standard RSD were individually chloroform 3.03%, benzen 3.17%, trichloroethylen 3.69%and 1,4-diorane 3.41%. 3. 60 samples were not detrcted chloroform, benzen, trichloroethylen and 1,4-dioxane.

BEZ235 (PIK3/mTOR inhibitor) Overcomes Pazopanib Resistance in Patient-Derived Refractory Soft Tissue Sarcoma Cells

Kim, Hee Kyung,Kim, Sun Young,Lee, Su Jin,Kang, Mihyeon,Kim, Seung Tae,Jang, Jiryeon,Rath, Oliver,Schueler, Julia,Lee, Dong Woo,Park, Woong Yang,Kim, Sung Joo,Park, Se Hoon,Lee, Jeeyun Neoplasia Press 2016 Translational oncology Vol.9 No.3

<P><I>BACKGROUND:</I> Although pazopanib treatment has become the standard chemotherapy in salvage setting for metastatic sarcoma patients, most patients progress after pazopanib treatment in 4 to 6 months. After failure to pazopanib, patients have limited options for treatment. Therefore, subsequent therapy in patients who failed to pazopanib is urgently needed and the use of patient derived cells or patient derived tumors for accompanying testing with various pharmacological inhibitors could offer additional treatment options for these patients. <I>METHODS:</I> Patient derived tumor cells were collected from ascites at the time of progression to pazopanib and a 13-drug panel was tested for drug sensitivity. We confirmed the results using <I>in vitro</I> cell viability assay and immunoblot assay. We also performed the genomic profiling of PDX model. <I>RESULTS:</I> The growth of patient derived tumor cells was significantly reduced by exposure to 1.0 μM AZD2014 compared with control (control versus AZD2014, mean growth = 100.0% vs 16.04%, difference = 83.96%, 95% CI = 70.01% to 97.92%, <I>P</I> = .0435). Similarly, 1.0 μM BEZ235 profoundly inhibited tumor cell growth <I>in vitro</I> when compared to control (control versus BEZ235, mean growth = 100.0% vs 7.308%, difference = 92.69%, 95% CI = 78.87% to 106.5%, <I>P</I> < .0001). Despite the presence of CDK4 amplification in the patient-derived tumor cells, LEE011 did not considerably inhibit cell proliferation when compared with control (control vs LEE011, mean growth = 100.0% vs 80.23%, difference = 19.77%, 95% CI = 1.828% to 37.72%, <I>P</I> = .0377). The immunoblot analysis showed that BEZ235 treatment decreased pAKT, pmTOR and pERK whereas AZD2014 decreased only pmTOR. <I>CONCLUSION:</I> Taken together, upregulation of mTOR/AKT pathway in sarcoma patient derived cells was considerably inhibited by the treatment of AZD2014 and BEZ235 with downregulation of AKT pathway (greater extent for BEZ235). These molecules may be considered as treatment option in STS patient who have failed to pazopanib in the context of clinical trials.</P>

서비스제공자와 고객간 신뢰의 영향요인 연구

李仙熙,全柱炯 문화관광연구학회 2002 문화관광연구 Vol.4 No.4

The studies of trust between service providers and customers just have recently discussed an issues for academics and managers. Trust is regarded one of the core variables as formulating, developing, maintaining the relationship between service providers and customers. This paper is reviewed the concept and typology of trust, and factors induced to trust by the past research. Based on the theoretical study, I research the empirical analysis, sampled 10 travel agencies randomly in Seoul and surveyed the tourists using the order-made tour by the questionnaire. The result of this paper I present the findings significantly the factors including competence, benevolence and similarity, integrity, interaction and openness and cooperation extracted from 23 variables. And also trust has been influenced on the 5 factors between service providers and customers. The service providers of travel agencies should improve his competence, integrity and openness, interaction with the tourists by cooperatively.

혐기성소화에서 Aeration에 의한 수소생성에 관한 연구

이명주,김상철,장현섭,황선진 경희대학교 2005 環境硏究 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

Hydrogen gas was continuously produced by treating glucose-containing synthetic wastewater with sewage digester sludge. This research investigated the effect of aeration on biological hydrogen production in anaerobic digestion process. Aeration of 0.8, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 L-O₂/g-SS were used. After aeration, the batch reactor at 35℃ was operated on a mineral salts-glucose(20g/L). The maximum hydrogen production rate of 570 ml/L-area. was found at oxygen dosage of 5 L-O₂/g-SS and pH uncontrolled. When the reactor was controlled at pH 5.5 with 6N Noah and 4N CHI, hydrogen production rate is 3 times higher than that of the control.

국내에서 유행하는 HIV의 전파 경로에 따른 Subtype 분포

이주실,남정구,김성순,강춘,최병선,김옥진,박미선,성봉모,서순덕,전수경,변승옥,신영오,조해월 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.5

Background : Previous data have been reported that subtype B is prevalent in South Korea, but neither the extent nor the proportion of subtypes could be evaluated. This study was designed to analyze the distribution of HIV-1 subtypes, temporal instructions and transmission dynamics between epidemiological groups. Methods : 1,280 Koreans had been diagnosed as HIV seropositive during the period 1985 to 2000. Among them, 134 individuals were selected for this molecular epidemiological study. 134 DNAs were isolated from uncultured or cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells. V3-V5 (0.7 kb) fragment of HIV-1 env gene was amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction and was sequenced. Results : HIV-1 isolates from thirty-seven homosexuals were all subtype B (100%). On the other hand, 66 isolates from 94 heterosexuals were subtype B (70%) and 28 were non B subtypes (30% : 13 A, 4 C, 2 D, 8 E , 1 G). Only subtype B strains were isolated from 73 males who were infected with HIV inside Korea while 16 B and 20 non B subtype strains were isolated from 36 males who were HIV infected outside of Korea. However, B and non B strains were isolated half and half from females who were infected inside Korea except one. Conclusion : The HIV-1 subtype B strains are prevalent in Korea from the early HIV infection until present in both homo and heterosexuals. Non B strains have been transmitted from men who were infected outside Korea to their spouses and casual partners. So, we need further study to monitor subtype B and non B HIV transmission in epidemiological groups of Korea, (Korean J Infect Dis 33:311∼318, 2001)

인터넷 폭주제어 메카니즘의 성능 분석

이병곤,송화선,김주영,정영준 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2002 정보통신논문지 Vol.6 No.-

The congestion control is one of most important factors to maintain QoS and to provide reliable services in Internet applications. This paper has studied Internet flow controls and discussed the characteristics of proposed congestion control mechanisms. This paper has analyzed their characteristics of the optimum parameters for congestion controls in respect with fairness and service throughput. Also this paper discusses how the offensive UDP traffics produce the performance degradation of TCP traffic services in congestion environment.

품행장애 청소년을 위한 외래집단정신치료 치료요인

이후경,김선재,차정화,봉수연,안현주 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.2

연구목적: 집단정신치료는 또래집단을 중요시하는 품행장애 청소년의 치료로서 매우 효과적인 것으로 알려져 있으나 한국에서는 아직 활성화되지 못하고 있다. 이에 따라 저자들은 품행장애 청소년에게 효과적으로 적용될 수 있는 폐쇄형, 동질적인, 시간제한(10회), 외래집단정신치료를 주 1회 실시하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 ①품행장애 청소년을 대상으로 집단정신치료를 시행하여 효과성을 평가하고, ②치료요인을 조사하여, ③ 집단정신치료를 품행장애 청소년에게 효과적이면서 효율적으로 적용될 수 있는 치료방법으로 정착시키는 데 있다. 대상 및방법: 본 연구는 1998년 10월붜 12월까지, 1999년 4월부터 6월까지 두차례에 걸쳐 실시하였다. 대상군은 품행장애 범주에 해당하는 H고교 2학년 여학생 총 18명(4명 도중 탈락), 대조군은 같은 범주에 해당하는 H고교 2학년 여학생 중 치료에 참여하지 않은 총 18명(4명 도중 탈락)이었다. 평가도구로는 프로그램 실시 전후에 자기보고식 비행척도, 공격성척도, 충동성척도을 시행하였고, 매 회기가 끝난 직후 Yalom의 13가지 치료요인척도, 집단치료 만족도 설문지를 시행하였으며, 종결모임시 총평가 설문지를 시행하였다. 결과: 치료요인의 변화를 집단발단단계에 따라 전후반기로 나누어 비교하였을 때, 전반기(1∼5회)에 상위를 차지한 치료요인은 순서대로 실존적인자, 보편성, 카타르시스, 리더와의 동일시, 구성원과의 동일시이었으며, 후반기(6∼10회)에 상위를 차지한 치료요인은 카타르시스, 실존적인자, 리더와의 동일시, 구성원과의 동일시, 구성원의 조언이었다. 전반기에 비해 후반기에 상대적으로 카타르시스, 구성원의 조언이 상승하였고 보편성은 하락하였다. 이타주의와 일차가족집단의 교정적 반복발달은 전후반기 모두 최하위를 기록하였다. 집단치료 만족도 설문에서 전반기는 45.7%, 후반기에는 83.3%가 도움받는 것으로 나타났고, 총평가 설문에서 85.7%가 기회가 있다면 다음에도 참여하고 싶다고 보고하였다. 결론: 시간제한 외래집단정신치료가 품행장애 청소년 에게 적용할 때 매우 효과적이면서도 만족도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 청소년을 대상으로 외래집단정신치료를 시행하는 것은 구성상의 어려움, 동기부족, 기금부족 등, 여러 제반 문제가 있으나 확대 시행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다. Objectives: Group psychotherapy is known to be an dffective treatment program for adolescents who attach importance to peer relationship, but it is not activated in Korea. Therefore, researchers performed weekly the closed, homogeneous, time-limited(10 sessions), outpatient group psychotherapy for adolescents with conduct disorder. Objectives of this study were as follows ; first, we practiced the group psychotherapy for adolescents with conduct disorder and evaluated its effectiveness ; second, we examined the therapeutic factors which were used by participants ; third, we intended to settlee down the group psychotherapy for adolescents with CD as an effective and efficient treatment modality. Methods: This study was performed two times from October to December in 1998 and from April to June in 1999. It was sponsored by Youth Counselling Center in H city. The case group were composed of 15 female students who were second grade in H high school, and 4 students were dropped out. The control group were composed of 18 female students who were same grade in H high school and 3 students were dropped out. Before and after this program, self-report delinquency scale, aggression scale and impulsivity scale were asked to them. And just after each session, Yalom 13 therapeutic factors scale and satisfaction questionnaire for group psychotherapy were asked to them. And at last meeting, total assessment questionnaire was asked to them. Results: We compared the change of therapeutic factors between the former half sessions (1-5) and the later half session(6-10), and the results were as follows ; in the former half, the upper ranks of therapeutic factors were existential factor, universality, catharsis, identi- fication with leader, and identification with members in order. And in the later half, the upper ranks of therapeutic factors were catharsis, existential factor, identification with leader, identi - fication with members, and guidance of members in order. The rank of catharsis and guidance of members went upward and the rank of universality went downward when we compared the ranks in the former half to those in the later half. Altruism and family enactment were the lowest ranked in both half. The satisfaction questionnair for group psychotherapy showed to be helped by participants at the rate of 45.7% in former half, 83.3% in later half. The total assessment questionnaire showed the willingness of re-participation at the rate of 85.7% if future opportunity of group psychotherapy is given for them. Conclusions: The time-limited group psychotherapy for adolescents diagnosed by conduct disorder was very effectively practiced and the participants reported high level of the satisfaction. The outpatient group psychotherapy for adolescents would be expanded and practiced though there are several accompanied problems including the difficulty of structuring, the deficit of motivation, and financial problem.