임신부의 인플루엔자 백신 접종률 및 관련요인

김미정,이승연,이광수,김아름,손동욱,정문현,박신구,박지현,이병익,이진수 대한감염학회 2009 감염과 화학요법 Vol.41 No.6

Background : During seasonal influenza epidemics and previous pandemics, pregnant women have been at increased risk for complications related to influenza infection. Although influenza vaccination has been widely recommended to pregnant women and immunocompromised hosts, the vaccination rate is presumed to be low in pregnant women. This study was aimed to evaluate the vaccination rate and factors associated with Influenza vaccination among pregnant women, who are at high risk for developing complications from the influenza. Materials and Methods : This study was carried out by telephone survey from April, 2007 to August, 2007. Women who were in their second trimester of pregnancy or above,- during October, 2006 and February, 2007, the recommended vaccination period, and had given birth at Inha University Hospital were selected as the study population. Immunization status, general understanding, and factors associated with vaccination were evaluated. Results : Among a total of 506 eligible pregnant women, 227 (44.8%) responded to the questionnaires. The influenza vaccination rate among the pregnant women was only 4% (9/227). Major reasons for not receiving vaccination were first, not awaring the necessity of immunization during pregnancy (48.5%, 110/227) and second, misunderstanding that it is prohibited during pregnancy (36.1%, 82/227). The major factors that influenced the compliance of vaccination were correct understanding and doctor's recommendation on the influenza immunization during pregnancy. Conclusions : The influenza vaccine coverage on pregnant women was very low and the awareness of influenza vaccination during pregnancy in general was inaccurate. Shift in perception is required and this can be achieved by educating the pregnant women on the safety and efficacy of vaccination. In addition, doctors' active encouragement to vaccination is highly recommended.

노인의 영적 간호요구

최미혜,김경희,김귀옥,김기숙,김수강,김정신,김춘숙,노흥진,박지연,성혜연,오명선,이선희,이원옥,이윤영,이현수,장명재,차혜경,채정선,홍상희 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.1

This study was designed to exam the aged's needs for spiritual nursing care. The purpose was to serve as a basis for the development of spiritual nursing practice. The major findings are as follows : 1. The degree of needs for spiritual nursing care as area was that needs of love and relationship mean 22.0, needs of meaning and object mean 28.2, needs of forgiving mean 13.5. Total needs for spiritual nursing care mean 63.7, which was on the upper middle level. The needs of meaning and object was rated highest. 2. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of love and relatiohship wasn't significanlty different. 3. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of meaning and object was significantly different according to two factors : age(F=7.260, p=0.001), religion(F=5.275, p=0.001). Higher needs of meaning and object was possessed by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other. 4. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, four factors made a significantly difference to needs of forgiving : sex(t=-2.851, p=0.006), age(F=8.201, p=0.001), religion(F=6.928, p=0.000), disease(t=2.327, p=0.024). Higher needs of forgiving was possessed by man than woman, by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other, by the one who have disease than the other.

한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 III : 3차년도 연구결과 보고

최선미,양기상,최승훈,박경모,박종현,심범상,김성우,노석선,이인선,정진홍,이진용,김달래,임형호,김윤범,박성식,송태원,김종우,이승기,최윤정,신순식 한국한의학연구원 1997 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.3 No.1

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the third year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows : - analyzing and differentiating of epidemic febrile disease - analyzing and differentiating in accordance with the Sasang constitution medicine based on four-type recognition - differentiation of disease according to pathological changes of Chong and Ren channels - standards for diagnosis of women's disease - standards for diagnosis of children's disease - standards for diagnosis of motor and sensor disturbance (-muscle. born, joint, etc.) - standards for diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disease - standards for diagnosis of five sense organ disease - standards for diagnosis of external disease The indivisual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs, the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern, discrimination of diagnosis pattern, prognosis, a way of curing a disease, prescription, herbs in common use, disease appearing the diagnosis pattern, documents. The standards for diagnosis of each disease was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of disease, the main point of diagnosis, analyzing and differentiating of disease, analysis of disease, discrimination of disease, prognosis, a way of curing and prescription of disease, disease in western medicine appearing the disease in oriental medicine, documents.

절수에 의한 Mongolian Gerbil 장기중량변화에 관한 분석연구

김무강,이기훈,이강이,송치원,이경열,권효정,박미선,정승혁,이행연,김명철 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 2000 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.8 No.-

In this study, authors measured the each organ weight of the long term water deprived Mongolian gerbil, after then we calculated the mean, standard deviation, variance coefficient of the real measured organ weight and induced the organ weight change quantity, rate of quantity, deviation between measured and theological organ weight, deviation rate, sum of deviation rate, organ weight change rate, rate of organ weight by the mathematical formula. The results obtained as follow 1. The weight of the brains, lung, and testis were abruptly decreased after water deprived until the 5th day, after then slowly decreased until the 20th day. 2. The weight of the heart was decreased gradually from the first day until the 20th day. 3. The weight of the liver was abruptly decreased until the 10th day, after then the more slowly decreased until the 20th day. 4. The weight of the thymus, spleen, kidney, and pancreas were abruptly decreased until the 15th day, after then increased slowly until 20th day but the weight of the kidney was abruptly increased from the 10th day. 5. The organ weight change rate and the rate of the each day organ weight were very diversified.

초등 고학년 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애아동의 설명글 쓰기 능력

박진희ㆍ김승미ㆍ이은주(Park Jin HeeㆍKim Seung MiㆍLee Eun Ju) 한국특수교육학회 2016 특수교육학연구 Vol.50 No.4

염소 분자의 광분해 반응 : 광음향적 연구 Photoacoustic Studies

이종미,김성규,박승민 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1995 論文集 Vol.46 No.2

펄스형 레이저 광을 흡수하면 이원자 분자가 큰 운동에너지를 가진 원자 조각들을 만들게 된다. 조각들의 후진시 집단적인 선형 운동량은 거시적인 압력파처럼 행동하게 된다. 여기서 염소 분자의 광분해 반응에 의해서 광음향파가 생성되는 것을 설명하고자 한다. 탐사선 회절법은 빠른 광분해 반응과 그후 느린 재결합 반응에서 생긴 순간적인 광음향파를 탐지하는데 사용이 된다. 광자 한 개 뿐만 아니라 다광자의 광분해 반응시 발생하는 광음향파 신호가 관찰되었다. Photodissociation of diatomic molecules by absorption of pulsed radiation produces atomic fragments with large kinetic energy. The collective linear momenta of recoiling fragments act as a macroscopic pressure wave. We report the generation of photoacoustic waves by photodissociation of chlorine molecules. The probe beam deflection method was employed to detect the transient photoacoustic waves generated by fast photodissociation and slow recombination process thereafter. The photoacoustic signals from the multiphoton as well as the single photon dissociation were observed.

난소의 성국 낭성기형종에서 관찰된 전립선 조직 - 1예 보고 -

홍승모,최미선,한은미,이현경,노재윤 대한병리학회 1999 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.33 No.7

지식교육에서 요구되는 교사의 역할 고찰 : 소크라테스의 대화법을 중심으로 Centered on Socrates' Dialectic Method

이승미 이화여자대학교 교육대학원 2002 이화교육논총 Vol.12 No.-

The aim of this study is to criticize on the current movement of educational reformation such as 'open education' or 'educational informatization', which represents that instructors' role should be restricted, and to search for instructors' right role to help students' internalization of educational contents by 「Meno」's study. Child-centered curriculum and new educational media become to criticize on traditional instructors' role that doesn't admit students' activeness in the process of students' internalization. However, this movement which challenges to instructors' part shows two misunderstandings about teaching and learning process as follows. First, 'open education' represents that the learner's internalization is not caused by teaching and learning process, but by their own active understanding ability, and instructors' role should be limited to develop students' autonomy. However, students' autonomy is not realized condition, yet potential condition. Second, 'educational informatization' criticize on not only instructors' teaching way by their speech, but they insist that computer centered new educational media delivers educational contents more efficiently. Still, their theory reflects narrow prejudice about knowledge, and they include just 'information', which consists of facts, in educational contents. So then, what is the instructors' part to help the students' internalization? I search for the instructors' right role by Socrates' dialectic method in 'Meno' as follows. First, Socrates' educational concept through 'anamnesis' includes that there is autonomy to study when students have the will to study. To take out students' autonomy, students should have mental 'structure' that they can apply their new experience properly. Also, students' autonomy means that there is possibility of inquiry properly when students realize that they don't investigate properly. It doesn't mean that it is investigated by itself. Socrates' elencus is to make students aware of their ignorance by themselves, so to make them fall in a chaotic state, 'Aporia', that they can't believe the things which they have believed as 'truth'. This makes them begin to research. Students who have internal motive gain knowledge while studying with instructors. This is Socrates' maieutic method. Second, according to the study of Socrates' irony, we can not help depending on teachers' role as human character to induce learners' internal motive and to impart knowledge to students. Socrates' irony means that Socrates confesses his ignorance to his students. Students who can not gain knowledge from Socrates because of his confession become to focus on inquiring 'knowledge' itself. This is 'intrinsic interest'. Also, knowledge consists of not only information of facts but also ability of embodiment by using physical body, so it's necessary for teachers to use their voice tone, gesture, examples, and passion for knowledge to convey the information to students. In this debate, the instructors' part is essential for students' internalization in the process of teaching and learning as a guide who shows the right way of researching that fits on students' level, and a human being who can make knowledge of variety condition. As I wrote about the study of 'anamnesis', teachers' role is already commented in the concept of education. This thesis is not only trying to establish teachers' dignity, but also to set up the right education by understanding the process of education properly. This is not to criticize on 'open education' and 'Educational Informatization' itself, but to criticize on current situation that they are practiced in the state of misunderstanding of the educational process. However, it doesn't mean that the instructors' role, which I wrote in my thesis, is applied properly at the current teaching place. To make right education practiced at the education place, it's required for teachers who understand students to study and make continual efforts. In addition, the educational circumstance should be developed so that teachers can focus on the process of education.

이황화탄소 중독자들의 노출중단 이후의 심박동수 변이

이상윤,조성일,백도명,변창범,김미정,박경근,임상혁,양길승,황창국,전형준 大韓産業醫學會 2006 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.18 No.2

목적: 2000년도에 이황화탄소 중독증 환자들과 대조군의 심박동수 변이를 비교하여 이황화탄소 중독증 환자들의 심박동수 변이가 대조군에 비해 유의하게 낮다는 연구보고가 있었다. 당시의 연구가 이황화탄소 노출이 중단된 상태에서 이황화탄소 중독자들의 건강 문제를 연구했다는 점에 의의가 있으나 연구 결과를 해석하는데 있어 제한점들이 있었다. 이 연구는 2000년도에 수행하였던 연구의 제한점을 극복하고 이황화탄소 노출이 중단된 이후의 이황화탄소 중독자들의 심혈관계 상태를 심박동수 변이를 이용하여 평가해보고자 하였다. 방법: 이황화탄소 중독증으로 진단받은 환자 122명과 환자군의 연령대와 성별 빈도에 따라 무작위 추출한 112명을 대조군으로 선정하였다. 자기 기입식 설문지와 건강검진을 통해 연령, 성별, 신장, 체중, 흡연, 음주, 규칙적 운동, 질병력, 직업력, 흉부 방사선 촬영, 심전도 측정을 실시하였다. 연구 대상자들은 의자에 앉힌 상태에서 5분 동안 심박동수 변이를 측정하였다. 이 연구에서 측정한 심박동수 변이 지표들은 정상 RR간격의 표준편차(standard deviation of all norma-to-normal intervals, SDNN), 인접한 RR간격들의 차이를 제곱의 합의 평균의 제곱근(square root of the mean of the sum of squares of differences between adjacent normal-to-normal intervals, RMSSD). 저주파영역(low frequency power, LF: 0.04~0.15Hz), 고주파 영역 (high frequency power, HF:0.15~0.4Hz), 전체 주파수 강도(total power, TP), 저주파/고주파 비 (LF/HF ratio)이다. 결과: 단변량 분석에서 이황화탄소 중독자들의 모든 심박동수 변이 지표들이 대조군에 비하여 낮았다. 다중선형회귀분석에서 이황화탄소 중독은 RMSSD를 유의하게 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다.(P<0.05). 결론: 이 연구는 이황화탄소 노출이 중단된 상태에서도 이황화탄소 중독자들에게 심혈관계와 관련된 건강문제가 있을 수 있음을 시사한다. Objectives: A previous study conducted in 2000 measuring the heart rate variability (HRV) of carbon disulfide (CS_(2))-poisoned subjected suggested that their HRV was reduced after exposure cessation. However, the study was limited by the following procedural limitations: (1) only 71 CS_(2)-poisoned subjects participated, (2) no females participated, and (3) the CS_(2)-poisoned subjects were older than the controls. This study was therefore conducted to overcome these limitations of the earlier study. Methods: The study subjects comprised 122 retired workers with CS_(2) poisoning and the same number of age- and sex-matched controls. Information on individual age, sex, height, wight, smoking history, alcohol drinking, regular exercise, medical and occupational history, chest x-ray, and ECG recording of the two groups was collected though a self-administered questionnaire and a medical examination. Standard Deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), Root-Mean-Square of Successive Differences (RMSSD), Total Power (TP), Low Frequency (LF), High Frequency (HF), and LF/HF ratio were measured as HRV indices for 5 minutes in the sitting position. Results: Univariate analysis revealed that all HRV indices of CS_(2)-poisoned subjected were lower than those of the controls. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that CS_(2) poisoning had negative association with all HRV indices and that its association with RMSSD was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusions: This study suggests that CS_(2)-poisoned subjects continue to have reduced HRV, even though the exposure has ceased.

온라인광고분쟁 해결에 관한 입법개선방향

최승원,양승미,이경은 梨花女子大學校 法學硏究所 2021 法學論集 Vol.26 No.1

최근 온라인 플랫폼을 기반으로 한 소비자의 정보 접근과 기타 상거래의 비중이 점차 확대되는 가운데 각종 온라인 정보통신매체를 활용한 새로운 시장은 급속하게 성장하고 있다. 이러한 온라인광고시장 확대에 따라 온라인광고분쟁 사례들이 증가하고 있으며, 그 해결과정에서의 문제점이 제기되고 있다. 온라인광고에 관한 분쟁은 주로 소상공인 사업자와 광고대행 사업자에 해당하는 사인간의 분쟁으로, 이러한 온라인 광고계약을 체결하는 과정에서 충분한 설명을 제공받지 못하고 있으며, 분야에 대한 이해도 또는 전문기술에 대한 정보의 비대칭성으로 인한 피해가 발행하고 있다. 국내법상 온라인광고 및 온라인광고분쟁해결에 대한 법제도적 정비가 요구된다. 정보비대칭과 관련한 온라인광고 분쟁에서 소상공인이 소비자 범위에 포함될 수 있는지가 문제되는데, 광고를 소비하는 소상공인에게 상대적 약자의 소비자 지위를 인정하는 것이 바람직하며, 이를 뒷받침하기 위하여 「방문판매법」 제3조 제1호 및 그 단서의 개정이 필요하다. 온라인광고분쟁의 경우 재판절차에 의한 소송 전단계적인 온라인광고분쟁조정위원회의 ‘조정’이라는 대체적 분쟁해결제도(ADR)가 마련되어 있으나, 당사자 간 의사합의 및 화해를 권고할 수 있을 뿐 합의된 의무를 이행하도록 강제할 수 있는 권한이 없고 결정내용을 따르지 않더라도 별도의 불이익이 없어, 분쟁의 간이 신속한 해결을 위하여 위원회의 법적 지위와 권한이 강화될 필요가 있다. 한편, 디지털 이행과 함께 갈수록 확대되고 다양해지는 온라인광고시장의 건전한 발전을 위해서는 육성과 보호라는 이해조절적 측면을 감안한 가칭 「온라인광고에 관한 법률」 제정도 고려해볼 시점이다. Recently, in the middle of a consumer access to information and extra commerce based on online platform is getting expanded, the new market utilizing a variety of Online Information and Communications method grows rapidly. In accordance with expansion of Online advertising market, the related dispute cases are increasing and problems arise out of resolving the dispute. Online advertising dispute usually occurs between small business(advertiser) and advertising agencies. A damage to advertisers happens because of an asymmetric information about expertise or having a low understanding of the field. Also, the agencies don’t give a sufficient explanation while making an online advertising contract. So, it required that we need to modify national laws and regimes about online advertising and online advertising dispute resolution. In an online advertising dispute related to Information Asymmetry, it is discussed whether a small business owner can be included in a range of consumer or not. To conclude, it is proper that acknowledges the consumer’s status as weaker party to the owners consuming advertisements and so amending Article 3 (1) and the clause of 「Door to Door Sales Act」 is necessary. Online Advertising Dispute, meanwhile, use Alternative Dispute Resolution(ADR) as ‘Mediation’of Online Advertising Dispute Mediation Committee instead of a lawsuit by judicial procedure. But the Committee can only advise to get to agreement or reconciliation between the two, not have the authority that compel to fulfil the agreed obligations. Even if they don’t abide by the ruling, there is no penalties. In conclusion, it requires to reinforce the legal status and authority of the Committee to get a simple and fast solution. Meanwhile, it is time to consider to make a legislation for sound development of Online Advertising market where it becomes more diverse and bigger with digital transition tentatively named 「Act on Online Advertising」 complementing the aspect of adjusting interest ; growth and protection.