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이행연 ( Haeng Ryun Lee ),황규홍 ( Kyu Hong Hwang ),이종국 ( Jong Kook Lee ) 조선대학교 공학기술연구원 2021 공학기술논문지 Vol.14 No.2
To improve the extinction process of food waste enzymatic activity material derived from the selected microorganisms such as Bacillus were adapted and their functions to remove organic matters, bad smells and salts in food waste were studied. First of all the specific microscopic organism in soil such as radiation germ, yeast, and etc. were revitalized and set in sawdust so that the enzymatic activity came to appear. To identify the effect of processing of food waste treatment by enzymatic activity material, the amount of fermenter produced was checked and the reaction temperature, aeration periods, pH were measured. As a result, little change was occurred in pH, but approximately 20% change was shown in temperature and aeration periods. The decomposition of food waste by direct input of microorganism only should keep pH neutral mostly, and reaction temperature of as high as 60℃ was necessary for treating the food waste effectively. However, in case of using enzymatic activity materials, the decomposition of food waste achieved with a good condition even in pH 4~9, and as low temperature of 35℃. Especially, only 30% of injection of aeration can make decomposition efficiently so that the expenses of food waste handling would be reduced. To decrease the bad smell of food waste, mixing and stirring the food waste was adapted and hydrogen sulfide was decreased from 30 mg/L to 1 mg/L dramatically. As a result enzymatic activity material shows good ability to contribute the effective disposal and odor removing of food waste.
건식 및 습식공정으로 제조된 할로이사이트 나노튜브 입자 특성
이행연 ( Haeng Ryun Lee ),김채호 ( Chae Ho Kim ),황규홍 ( Kyu Hong Hwang ),이종국 ( Jong Kook Lee ),박관식 ( Kwan Sik Park ) 조선대학교 공학기술연구원 2021 공학기술논문지 Vol.14 No.1
Natural halloysite kaolin contains many impurities, such as quartz phases, and varies in morphology and size during its formation in the earth. For it to be utilized as a new type of natural nano material, it is necessary to remove quartz impurities from the kaolin clays without affecting the morpholgy of its tubes. To remove quartz impurities from the kaolin by forming a well deflocculated aqueous slip without fracturing the morphology of the tubes, a slip of homogenized halloysite clay was recovered by adding polyvalent metallic cations and anionic polyelectrolyte flocculants simultaneously. This selectively flocculates the mixture of quartz and halloysite so that the halloysite particles form flows while the tubular halloysite remains in suspension. A dry separation process by grinding milling was adapted to compare the fine morphologies. Then a uniform size and tubular shape of the halloysite was obtained, and this could be used as a suitable container or a carrier to encapsulate nanomaterials.
거대억새(Miscanthus saccagiflorus Geodee-Uksae 1)로 부터 고수율 셀룰로오스 제조를 위한 탈리그닌 최적화
정소연(So-Yeon Jeong),황인덕(In-Deok Hwang),이재원(Jae-won Lee) 한국산림바이오에너지학회 2019 산림바이오에너지 Vol.29 No.1
본 연구에서는 거대억새로부터 고수율 셀루로오스 제조를 위해 시료의 분쇄 사이즈와 반응시간 및 고액비에 따른 탈리그닌화를 수행하였다. 거대억새 탈리그닌화 시, 고액비 증가 및 분쇄 사이즈 감소, 탈리그닌화 반응시간 증가에 따라 리그닌의 감소가 뚜렷하였다. 가장 낮은 리그닌 함량 (8.52%)은 거대억새 3mm 사이즈로 고액비 1:20, 12시간 탈리그닌화 반응조건에서 확인하였다. 결정화도 분석을 통해 탈리그닌 후 고형바이오매스에서 결정화도 증가를 확인하였다. 퓨리에 변환 적외선 분광법으로 바이오매스 구성성분의 작용기를 분석한 결과, 탈리그닌화에 의한 셀룰로우스 제조를 위한 최적 조건은 고애비 1:20, 3 mm 거대억세 분쇄 사이즈, 12시간 탈리그닌 반응조건으로 확인되었다. In this study, the delignification of Miscanthus sacchariflorus Geodae-Uksae 1 was performed under different conditions of particle size, reaction time, and solid/liquid ratio to achieve high-yield cellulose production. The efficiency of lignin removal from biomass increased as the increasing of solid/liquid ratio, decreasing of particle size, and increasing of reaction time. The lowest lignign content measured was 8.52% when delignification of biomass was performed with a 3 mm particle size for 12 h with a solid/liquid ration of 1:20. The crystallinity index was increased by delignification, which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. In the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that the spectral peaks corresponding to cellulose and hemicellulose were increased by delignification of biomass. According to the results of chemical and structural analyses, the optimum conditions for high-yield of cellulose production were a particle size of 3 mm. reaction time of 12 h, and solid/liquid ratio of 1:20.
다양한 제초제에 대한 담배 Photomixotrophic 배양세포의 반응
권혜경,권석윤,이행순,윤의수,김진석,조광연,곽상수 한국식물생명공학회 1999 식물생명공학회지 Vol.26 No.3
식물배양세포를 이용하여 효율적인 제초제 검정시스템을 확립하기 위하여 다른 작용기작을 가진 몇가지 제초제를 사용하여 담배 PM세포에 대한 반응성을 세포생장과 배지의 이온전도도를 측정하여 조사하였다. 담배 PM세포는 0.7 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.3 mg/L kinetin, 30 g/L sucrose를 함유한 MS배지에서 $25^{\circ}C$, 광조건에서 현탁배양 (100rpm)하였다 계대배양시 약제를 처리한 후 12일째의 세포생장과 배지의 이온전도도를 측정한 결과, 이온전도도 측정결과는 세포생장의 것과 높은 상관관계를 나타내었다. 담배 PM세포에 대한 각 화합물의 반응성은 약제의 작용기작을 반영하면서 다양하였다. PET 저해화합물인 atrazine은 담배 PM세포에 가장 강한 활성을 나타내었다 (IC50, 1 $\mu$M). GS 저해제인 glufosinate, 세포분열저해제인 butachlor, carotenoid 생합성저해제인 fluridone은 농도에 비례하여 저해활성을 나타내었다. 그러나 오옥신활성을 지닌다고 알려진 quinclorac은 억제활성을 나타내지 않았다. 따라서 배지의 이온 전도도 측정은 간편하면서 재현성이 좋은 신규 제초제의 탐색방법으로 유용할 것으로 시사된다. To establish an efficient screening system for new herbicides using plant cultured cells, responses of tobacco photomixotrophic cultured (PH) cells to various herbicides with different modes of action were surveyed by measuring the cell growth and ion conductivity in medium. The cells were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.7mg/L 2,4-D, 0.3mg/L kinetin and 30 g/L sucrose at $25^{\circ}C$ in the light (100 rpm). Chemicals were treated to suspension cultures of tobacco PH cells at the time of subculture. The cell growth and ion conductivity in the medium were investigated on 12 days after chemical treatment. The ion conductivity assay gave well correlated results to the cell growth inhibition data. The responses of tobacco PM cells were dependent on the modes of action of chemicals tested. Atrazine, an inhibitor of photosynthetic electron transport (PET), strongly inhibited both the cell membrane and cell growth ($IC_{50}$/, about 1 $\mu$M). Butachlor (an inhibitor of cell division), glufosinate (an inhibitor of amino acid biosynthesis), and fluridone (an inhibitor of carotenoid biosynthesis) showed a dose-dependent inhibition. However, Quinclorac, a herbicide with an auxin activity, did not affect the cell growth and ion leakage. These results suggested that tobacco PM cells is suitable materials for the simple screening of new herbicides such as PET, amino acid biosynthesis, ceil division inhibitors by measuring the cell growth and ion conductivity.