심층면접 방법의 실제 : 청주 지역사회 권력자들에 대한 심층면접 사례를 바탕으로 With Reference to a Study of Power Elites in Chongju Community

강희경 서울대학교 사회과학연구원 2000 한국사회과학 Vol.22 No.2

권력자를 연구하는 방법으로는 양적인 방법(표본조사)과 질적인 방법(심층면접)이 있지만, 표본수가 원천적으로 적을 수 밖에 없는 권력자(특히 지역사회 권력자) 연구에서는 기본적으로 비구조화된질문지를 통한 심층면접을 주로 사용한다.권력자들을심층면접할 때 부딪치는 첫번째 문제는 그들을 쉽게 만날 수 없다는 것이다.이것은 연구의 사활이 걸린 문제이다.이 연구에서는 연구기관이 대학이라는 것이 권력자들을 쉽게 접촉할 수 있게 하였다.다음으로 면접 대상자로 결정된 권력자들에 대하여 사전조사를 철저히 해야 한다.이를 위해 면접 자료 뿐만 아니라 권력자들의 저서,연설,공문서 등 2차 자료도 충분히 숙지한다.그리고 면접자는 면접상황(면접 상황,호의 여부 등)을 상세하게 기록한다. 심층면접을 보다 잘 하기 위해서는 특히 질문 문항에서 체계적인 사전 계획이 필요하다.그리고 연구 주제를 잘 정해야 한다.청주 연구에서도 버스 터미널 이전처럼 청주 지역사회 권력자들의 의사결정 과정을 알아볼 수 있는 주제를 정했는데, 이것에 관여한 응답자가 거의 없어서 결과적으로 성과를 거두지 못했다.기술적 문제로서 지키지 못할 약속을 하지 말아야 한다.이 연구에서는 응답자들에게 녹음 해독을 다시 제시하여 검토받을 것이라고 약속했으나 지키지 못하였다. Although both quantitative(sample survey) and qualitative(interview) methods are available most studies of power elites utilize unstructured interview method as the number of power elites are very few. I would like to mention two problems faced by researchers who try to administer in-depth interviews with power elites. First, it is not easy to mate appointments with power elites. Basically the study can not he carried out without meeting and interviewing them. Secondly, prior to the interview researchers must perform a thorough preparatory study regarding the interviewee(the power elite) including secondary materials such as his/her writings and speeches, relevant public documents as well as interview schedule for the study. The researchers must record in detail interview situations such as general atmosphere and the attitudes of the interviewee about specific topics. Four researchers(Min Kyonghee, Kang Hee-Kyung, Bae Youngmok, and Choi Youngchul Choi) carried out unstructured in-depth interview with 39 power elites out of total 52 power elites in Chongju Community from Feb. 14th through July 17th of 1995. The researchers wanted to find out the following: the existence of core power elites in Chongju, internal structure and the characteristics of this elite group, mechanisms through which power is wielded, decision-making processes among power elites in relation to different subjects. The fact that all four researchers were from a university in the region. * Professor of Sociology, Chungbuk National University. Research Area: Social Stratification. Major Publication: "Capital Accumulation and the Spatial Division of Classes: with Special Reference to the New Middle Class in Korean and Taiwan", The Population and Development Studies Center of Seoul National University Korea Journal of Population and Development, Vol. 20, No.1, 101-119. E-mail: kkhee255@trut.chungbuk.ac.kr. seemed to have helped with the first problem mentioned above: the researchers had easy access to power elites. A systematic preparatory planning especially with regard to interview questions is necessary in order to better utilize in-depth interview method. In addition, researchers must be careful in selecting the subject of study. For example, in the study mentioned above we selected the relocation of bus terminal as the subject of our study as it had a communitywide importance. However, not many of the interviewed power elites had anything to do with the issue and the study was not successful in grasping the decision-making process involved in the relocation of bus terminal. Lastly, a technical note should be mentioned: as a researcher one must not make a promise that cannot be kept. In our study researchers promised the power elites that they should be given a chance to review the interview record. But for various reasons the researchers were not able o keep the promise.

B 형 간염 에 있어서 IgM anti HBc 의 발현도 및 임상적 의의

김경희,강진경,문영명,송경순,김용범,최흥재,황용 대한내과학회 1986 대한내과학회지 Vol.30 No.1

Testing for IgM antiHBc was useful to detecting the patients with negative and positive HBsAg viral hepatitis and may improve serodiagnostic accuracy when acute NANB and delta agent hepatitis occur in previousely unrecognized HBsAg carriers. Moreover, it may be a useful test in defining potentially high risk sources of exposure to hepatitis B virus. But it is not useful in distinguishing recent from remote infection because IgM antiHBc occasionally was found in chronic liver diseases, IgM antiHBc was found by ELISA in 32 patients with acute viral hepatitis B, 61 with chronic hepatitis B, 18 patients with liver cirrhosis, 36 healthy HBsAg carriers and l49 patients with positive antiHBc alone. We continuously evaluated HBsAg and liver function of the patients who had negative IgM antiHBc acute hepatitis. The results are summarized as follows: 1) IgM antiHBc was positive in 84.4% of acute hepatitis B, 4% of chronic hepatitis B, 5.5% of positive HBsAg liver cirrhosis, 2. 8% of HBsAg healthy carriers but was all negative in patients with positive antiHBc alone. 2) Three patients with negative HBsAg acute viral hepatitis was diagnosed by positive IgM antiHBc as acute viral hepatitis R. 3) During the follow-up of 5 patients with negative IgM antiHBc acute hepatitis, 2 patients were diagnosed as type B acute viral hepatitis because of disappearance of HBsAg and normalization of liver function. And another 3 patients were diagnosed as non-B acute viral hepatitis superimposed on HBsAg carrier or natural course of chronic hepatitis.

노인의 영적 간호요구

최미혜,김경희,김귀옥,김기숙,김수강,김정신,김춘숙,노흥진,박지연,성혜연,오명선,이선희,이원옥,이윤영,이현수,장명재,차혜경,채정선,홍상희 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.1

This study was designed to exam the aged's needs for spiritual nursing care. The purpose was to serve as a basis for the development of spiritual nursing practice. The major findings are as follows : 1. The degree of needs for spiritual nursing care as area was that needs of love and relationship mean 22.0, needs of meaning and object mean 28.2, needs of forgiving mean 13.5. Total needs for spiritual nursing care mean 63.7, which was on the upper middle level. The needs of meaning and object was rated highest. 2. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of love and relatiohship wasn't significanlty different. 3. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of meaning and object was significantly different according to two factors : age(F=7.260, p=0.001), religion(F=5.275, p=0.001). Higher needs of meaning and object was possessed by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other. 4. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, four factors made a significantly difference to needs of forgiving : sex(t=-2.851, p=0.006), age(F=8.201, p=0.001), religion(F=6.928, p=0.000), disease(t=2.327, p=0.024). Higher needs of forgiving was possessed by man than woman, by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other, by the one who have disease than the other.

간호실무에서 신봉이론(Espoused theories)에 대한 탐색적 연구

서문자,김혜숙,이은희,박영숙,조경숙,강현숙,임난영,김주현,이소우,조복희,이명하,지성애,하양숙,손영희,권성복,김희진,추진아 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1

As a nursing practice involves nurses' actions in a specific context of health care, this study has focused on exploring the espoused theories in nursing practice within the action science perspectives, Espoused theories are the belief, principles, and rationale expressed by the practitioner as guiding her/his actions in a situation of practice. The data were analysed qualitatively and 25 elements of espoused theories of nursing action were identified and clustered into 6 categories. The 25 elements of espoused theories are as follows: The clinical nurse worked in wholistic and individual nursing, focussed on the patient's needed, comfort and supportive nursing (5 theories of nursing goal) ; excellent skills, knowledge based, assessment and data collection, explaining, educating or a scientific basis(6 theories of nursing intervention): advocacy, value oriented, treatment, account- ability and commitment(4 theories of nursing ethics) ; human respect. partnership, trust(3 theories of patient-nurse relationship) : knowledgable, accumulated clinical experiences and personally lived experiences. positive perspectives(4 theories of nurse), role of intervention. rewarding peer relationship(3 theories of situations) The above mentioned espoused theories are similar to that of nursing textbooks which students learned through basic nursing education and almost the same as the Acts ofa Nurse in Korean. However, we are doubtful whether nurses actually do as they think. Therefore. it is recommended to review the theories-in-use in order to and any discrepancies between the espoused theories and the reality of nursing actions

경인지역 요양시설의 식사지원 서비스 실태

김정희,강순남,이경희,Kim, Jung Hee,Kang, Sun Nam,Lee, Kyung Hee 한국가정간호학회 2015 가정간호학회지 Vol.22 No.1

Purpose: This study was aimed at understanding meal services provided at long-term care facilities. Method: Interview survey was conducted using questionnaires at 254 facilities located in the Kyung-In area. Result: Of the residents, 37.4% were eating meals unassisted. Eating places included living rooms and residents' rooms in most facilities. Major noise source was television in 63.8%. Apron was applied to all elderly residents at mealtimes in 49.6% of the facilities. Half of the facilities used feeding utensils except for ordinary spoon and chopsticks. Of the facilities having individual prosthetic devices, dentures were applied before eating in 98%, glasses in 20.2% and hearing aids in 9.2%. Most facilities included the residents' favorite foods in menu: wheres, only 9.4% offered the menu which residents could choose. Conclusion: Standard guidelines and staff education for meal services need to be provided for elderly residents.

중년여성의 약물사용 실태 조사

이영선,김은경,김경숙,강경인,김희선,신성희,김은숙,최지선,신혜숙,황선기 여성건강간호학회 2001 여성건강간호학회지 Vol.7 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the drug use of middle aged women. The subject consisted of 330 middle aged women who ranged in age from 40 to 60 years. They were selected in Seoul, Kyung-Ki province, Korea. Data were collected by using questionnaires, from April, 10th to 30th 2001 and analyzed by the SPSS PC+ program using qui-square. The results are summarized as follows ; 1. The proportion of drinking and smoking experience was 42.4%, 3.7%. The motivation of drug use was advised family and relatives(46.1%), doctor's order(39.4%), magazine and advertisement(14.5%). Most of middle aged women get the information on knowledge of drug from hospital(47.3%), magazines and advertisement(30.3%), advised family and relatives(22.4%). And 57.9% of the middle aged women didn't know side effect of the using drug and 13.9% of the middle aged women have had experienced with side effect. And the level of attitude on drug abuse in middle aged women was 43%. Most of the subjects(93.9%) didn't use alternative drugs, and they used more than 3 kinds of drugs(47%). 2. They used digestives(44.2%), applying ointments(41.8%), drinks(39.4%), analgesics(39.1%), laxatives(8.8%), anti hypertension drugs (8.8%), and anti-anemic drugs(8.8%) in their orders.

반석어린이집 만 3세반 교사들이 경험하는 기본생활습관 교육에 관한 질적연구

강경아,홍용희 이화여자대학교 교육과학연구소 2014 교육과학연구 Vol.45 No.1

This study aims to identify the contents of the basic life habit education by the Daniel class teachers for the three-year-old children in BanSeok day care center, their basic life habit teaching methods and their experience in the basic life habit education through a qualitative research method. The major findings of the study are as follows: First, the contents of basic life habit educations by Daniel class teachers for the three-year-old children in BanSeok day care center are mainly about ‘leading a religious life’, ‘leading a safe life’, ‘leading a healthy life’, ‘leading a moral life’ and ‘leading an independent life.’ Second, the basic life habit teaching methods used by the Daniel class teachers for the three-year-old children in BanSeok day care center are to ‘make the children understand basic life habits,’ ‘offer the children chances to practice basic life habits,’ ‘adjust their basic life habit related behaviors’ and ‘conduct relevant activities enforcing basic life habits.’ Third, the Daniel class teachers of BanSeok day care center experienced ‘disappointment and anger’, ‘conflict and concern’, and ‘accomplishment and hope’ while teaching the three-year-old children the basic life habits. 본 연구는 반석어린이집 만 3세반 교사들의 기본생활습관 형성을 위한 교육내용은 무엇이고 교수방법은 어떠하며 기본생활습관 교육을 하며 교사들은 무엇을 경험하는지를 질적연구를 통해 밝히고자 했다. 연구결과는 첫째, 반석어린이집 만 3세반 교사들의 기본생활습관 교육의 내용은 신앙생활하기, 안전하게 생활하기, 건강하게 생활하기, 바르게 생활하기, 자립적으로 생활하기 등이었다. 둘째, 반석어린이집 만 3세 다니엘반 교사들은 기본생활습관 내용 이해시키기, 기본생활습관 실천 기회 제공하기, 기본생활습관 행동 조절하기, 기본생활습관 내용 포함한 활동 실시하기 등의 방법을 사용하여 기본생활습관을 교육했다. 셋째, 반석어린이집 만 3세 다니엘반 교사들은 기본생활습관교육을 통해 실망과 화, 갈등과 고민, 성취와 희망 등을 경험했다.

Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate법에 의한 원유와 살균유의 세균수 측정

姜國熙,王智怨,朴興洙,李圭鍾,金敬民 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1993 論文集 Vol.44 No.2

LAL method for the determination of Gram-negative bacterial Lipopolysaccharides(LPS) in milk is proposed and its value for bacteriological quality control is investigated. The relationship between the LPS contents and total colony count(cfu/ml), which covers the Gram-negative bacteria, was determined in raw milk samples. The coefficient of correlation between Gram-negative bacterial counts(cfu/ml) and LPS contents was r^2 =0.969. And, the correlation coefficient between total bacterial counts(cfu/ml) and LPS contents was r^2 =0. 914. It was also investigated how much the LPS contents were in UHT milks from l0 different dairy industrial companies in Korea. It varied from 92 ng LPS/ml to 938 ng LPS /ml.

제주지역 강우의 분석 및 분석 데이타의 신뢰도 조사

강창희,김원형,정덕상,변경희 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2000 基礎科學硏究 Vol.13 No.1

The rainwater samples were collected from the 1100 Site of Mt. Halla and Cheju city during the period of March in 1997 to August in 1998, and the major soluble ions were analyzed and their analytical confidence has been investigated. The volume weighted mean values of pH in 1100 Site and Cheju city were 487 and 4.82, respectively, and those of electrical conductivity were 16.0 and 23.3 μS/cm. The mean concentrations of ions in 1100 Site were in the order of Cl^(-)>Na^(+)>SO₄^(2-)>NH₄^(+)>H^(+)>NO₃^(-)>Mg^(2+)>Ca^(2+)>K^(2+)>HCOO^(-)>CH₃COO^(-)>F^(-)>HCO₃^(-)>CH₃SO₃^(-), and those in Cheju city were the same order except that NO₃^(-) was higher than H^(+). The comparison between several correlation coefficients has been applied for the investigation of analytical confidence, such as equivalent concentrations sum, the measured and calculated conductivity, and the acid fraction. The correlation coefficients between cation and anion equivalent concentrations sum were 0.981 and 0.960, respectively, in 1100 Site and Cheju city, and those of the calculated and measured electric conductivity in two regions were 0.989 and 0.993, respectively, so that the analytical data has been shown to be in good reliabilities. Also, the correlation coefficients between the acid fractions from the equivalent concentrations of ions and those from the measured pH and electric conductivity were 0.966 and 0.936, respectively, in two areas, so that these results also have shown a quite satisfactory analytical confidence.

생물막여과공정에 의한 고도정수처리시스템 구성에 관한 연구

강용태,양희천,김화석,김경동 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1999 硏究報告 Vol.22 No.2

This study is to evaluate the characteristics of submerged biofilter process as pretreatment of raw water and alternative advanced water treatment system(AAWTS) composed with bioflitration, post-ozonation and GAC for Nakdong River by comparison of existing advanced water treatment system(EAWS), composed with pre-ozonation, flocculation, sedimentation, sand filtration, post-ozonation and GAC. In the biofiltration process, the removal of turbidity, color, KMnO₄consumption, NH₃-N and UV254 reached 98%, 95%, 70%, 72%, 79% respectively. The stable removal efficiency was obtained by the direct biofiltration after coagulant injection thought the influent was a muddy and highly polluted. The removal efficiency of the alternative advanced water treatment(AAWTS) using biofiltration process for turbidity, color, KMnO₄consumption, NH₃-N and UV254 was reached 98.5%, 98%, 82%, 90%, 92% respectively. It is equivalent to the removal efficiency of existing advanced water treatment system(EAWTS) though the demanded area and coagulant of the alternative advanced water treatment system using biofiltration process was decreased about 60% and 70% respectively.