정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

고등학교 화학 I 과정 “물” 단원에서 학업성취도 평가문항의 내용타당도 분석

백성혜,이은준,김정수,송영욱,김용진,정정인,한재영 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교과교육연구소 2008 교과교육학연구 Vol.12 No.1

학교 교육에서 평가는 교육목표 달성 확인 및 교수 계획 수립에 중요한 역할을 한다. 따라서 학생들의 학업성취도 평가는 높은 내용타당도를 가지고 있어야 한다. 즉, 학업성취도 문항은 수업목표에 비추어 적절하고 학습한 내용을 포괄할 수 있어야 한다. 학교 현장에서 평가 문항의 타당도는매우 중요한 반면, 실제 학교에서 사용되는 고등학교 화학 과목의 평가 문항들이 어느 정도 내용타당도를 가지고 있는지 조사되는 경우가 거의 없다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 학교현장에서 실시되는화학 학업성취도 평가문항이 행동차원과 내용차원에서 어느 정도의 내용 타당도를 가지는지 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위한 연구의 대상은 제7차 교육과정에 의하여 개발된 동일한 화학Ⅰ 교과서를 교재로 사용하고 있는 5개 학교의 ‘물’ 단원에 대한 1학기 중간고사 평가문항이었다. 내용타당도 분석을 위한 과정은 첫째, 교과서와 교사용지도서에서 34개의 수업목표를 내용차원과 행동차원으로 이원 분류하였다. 둘째, 5개 고등학교의 평가문항에서 121개의 평가문항을 행동차원과 내용차원으로 이원 분류하였다. 셋째, 행동차원과 내용차원별로 각각 수업목표와 평가목표의 비율차 검증을 하였다. 연구 결과, 5개 학교에서 사용된 학업성취도 문항은 행동차원에서의 내용타당도는낮았지만 내용차원에서의 내용타당도는 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 고등학교에서 실시하는 학업성취도 평가에 있어서 행동차원의 내용타당도를 높이는 노력이 좀 더 필요하다는 것을 시사한다. 특히 행동차원 중 분석력, 종합력, 평가력 등 고등정신기능을 기르는 평가 문항의 개발에 노력을기울여야 한다. 이 연구를 통해, 평가 문항 제작에 대한 교사들의 전문성을 높이기 위해 다양한연수나 교육 프로그램이 개발될 필요가 있음을 알 수 있다. In school education, the evaluation plays an important role for the accomplishment ofeducational goal and for the planing of education. Thus, the achievement evaluation itemshould have high validity. The achievement evaluation items should appropriate for theeducational goal and include all the learning contents. Although the validity of achievementevaluation items is very important, little research was performed on how much the evaluationitems of high school chemistry course really have the content validity. Therefore, in this study we analyzed the validity of the chemistry achievement evaluation items used in schools in thedimension of behavior and content. For this, 5 different high schools were selected that used the same publisher's chemistry I textbook, and the middle semester achievement evaluation items were gathered. First, 34 instructional objectives were classified into the behavior domain and the content domain from the 'water' chapter in the textbook and the teacher's guide. Second, 121 evaluation items were classified into the behavior domain and the content domain. Third, the analysis of the ratio difference method were performed between the instructional objectives and the evaluation objectives. From the results, it was found that content validities of the behavior domain were low, but those of the content domain were high. These results implies that more effort should be paid to raise content validities of the behavior domain in achievement evaluation of high schools. Especially, the test items should be developed on the high level thinking skill such as analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. This study tells it is necessary to develop in-service teacher education program to raise the professionality of teachers on the evaluation items.

停留睾丸症 3例 및 考察

白鏞舜,이진무 中央醫學社 1964 中央醫學 Vol.6 No.2

3 Cases of cryptorchism treated surgically are presented. All cases were treated with gonadotrophin, at first, respectively 6,000 IU, 7,000 IU and 27,000 IU in doses. The first case was resulted to slight descent, the second case was nonresponse and the third case with marked descent, But there were never complete descent into the scrotum. The first and third cases were bilateral and the second case was unilateral(Left). All cases were treated surgically by Bevan's technic(Orchiopexy). In review of the literatures, it is emphasized that orchiopexy dose not decrease the incidence of the malignant change and biopsy of the testicle is important for evaluating the ability of fertilization, and also orchiopexy is not done for preventing the malignant change but promoting the fertilizing ability.

음주 상태에서 Doxylamine(Zamero)의 과량복용 후 나타난 섬망상태 1례

이철,백인호,박용한 大韓神經精神醫學會 1991 신경정신의학 Vol.30 No.5

We report a case of delirium induced by doxylamine poisoning in drunkenness. The patient was a 31-year-old married businessman without history of psychiatric illness. He inqested overdose of doxylamine whole for the purpose of suicide. He showed a delivium caused by hypoglycemia and anticholinergic symptoms possibly inceduced by alcohol and doxylamine poisoning. The patient gradually recovered from delirium whith the administration of glucose and symptomatic treatment.

先天性尿膜管 開放症의 一例

白鏞舜,張祥範,이진무 中央醫學社 1963 中央醫學 Vol.5 No.3

A case of partent urachus is presented with its review of literatures. It is the second case reported in Korea, the first case reported by Yonsei University. Medical School in June, 1960. It was associated with other congenital anomalies such as agenesis of gher left kidney, ureter and trigon of the bladder, and tuberculous infection in the urachus. Embryologically, it is considered that the urachus is probably originated from the cloaca rather than allantois.

급결제 및 혼화제 종류가 숏크리트 내구성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

백신원,권소진,이영수,김의성,신용석 한국안전학회 2003 한국안전학회지 Vol.18 No.3

Concrete and shotcrete should withstand the conditions for which they have been designed, without deterioration, over a period of years. But concrete and shotcrete are being deteriorated according to aging by internal and external causes. Recently, many studies on the durability of concrete have been conducted. But the durability of shotcrete is rarely studied. So, in this study, chloride ion penetration test, freeze and thaw test, neutralization test were conducted to examine the durability characteristics of shotcrete with several accelerator and chemical admixture types. These results indicate that shotcrete with alkali free accelerator and with superplasticizer are durable. Therefore, the present study provides a firm base to make high performance shotcrete.

상아질 결합제의 결합력에 관한 연구

김명국,백기석,이용근,김철위 大韓齒科器材學會 1994 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.21 No.1

In this study, the shear bond strength of dentin bonding agents to the extracted dentin surface was measured. Six kinds of dentin bonding agents and nine kinds of dental composite resins currently used in Korea were studied. Extracted premolar or molar tooth was embedded in acrylic resin and one of the nonocclusal surface of the crown was exposed by grinding. The exposed surface was polished up # 600 silicone carbide paper and the specimen was soaked in Fusayama's artificial saliva more than 24 hours. After the exopsed dentin surface was air-dired in the case of dry technique and blotted with tissue paper softly in the case of wet technique, dentin bonding agent was applied and dental composite resin packed in gelatin capsule was bonded on it. The specimens were stored in 37℃ Fusayama's artificial saliva for 24 hours and then the attached composite resin nodule was detached with Instron Universal Testing Machine with the cross-head speed of 0.2 mm.min. From the experiment, the following results were obtained : 1. The shear bond strength of AB2 to the extracted dentin was 8.6112.23 MPa and those values were not significantly different depending on the composite resins attached (p>0.05) 2. The shear bond strength of DH2 was 7.9314.17 MPa, and that of SC2 was 9.75∼15.13 MPa. With these dentin bonding agents, the shear bond strength was not significantly different depending on the application technique (wet or dry bonding)(p>0.05). 3. DH2 and SC2 generally showed high shear bond strength and DH2/ SUP(W, D), DH2/CRA(D), SC2/P50(W) and SC2/SUP(W) couples showed somewhat higher shear bond strength than others.

Development of a T-DMB Monitoring System

Kyung-Taek Lee1,Ki-Won Kwon,Yong-Suk Park,Sung-Jun Kim,Jong-Ho Paik 대한전자공학회 2008 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2008 No.7

With the start of T-DMB service, diverse multimedia broadcasting services became available in the high-speed mobile environment. In addition to high-quality digital radio (audio) and television (video), diverse data services, such as Dynamic Label Segment (DLS), JPEG Slideshow (SLS), Broadcast Web Site (BWS), Traffic and Travel Information (TTI), interactive service using Binary Format for Scenes (BIFS), and Visual Radio, are being serviced. Currently, there is an increase in demand in the market for T-DMB monitoring system that can support all the data service available. In this paper, we present T-DMB monitoring systems that can simultaneously decode 6 services of different format within the two ensemble, through suitable algorithms and multi-thread techniques.

치과용 저금계 합금의 조성 및 열처리에 따른 경도 및 변색에 관한 연구

김철위,김명국,백기석,이용근,윤태호 대한치과기재학회 2000 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.27 No.1

Discoloration of dental alloys results from several reasons such as chemical tarnish, precipitation of chromatic substance on the alloy surface. In this study, the discoloration of 20 kinds of dental casting alloys was measured after immersion in various solutions, and the results were analyzed by the composition of the alloys and solutions. The effects of constitutional elements of the alloys on the color and discoloration of alloys were evaluated also. Cast specimens were polished with #400 silicons carbide paper, and were washed and dried. Vickers hardness of the alloys specimens was measured before and after heat treatment. Color of specimens was measured with the Spectrophotometer (Minolta CM-3500d, Japan.) with the CIELAB scale. Illumination C was used with SCE. Five kinds of aqueous solutions of HP (10% H₂O₂), NS (5% Na₂S), NC (5% NaCL), AS (mucin-added artificial saliva) and SF (10% SnF₂) were used, and the specimens were immersed at 37℃ for one and three days. ΔE* of the mostly discolored alloy for three days in HP was very high as 26.6, 10.27 in NS, 7.88 in AS, 4.23 in SF, and 4.18 in NC. Multiple regression analysis among CIE L*, a*, b* before immersion and the alloy composition showed that each CIE L*, a*, b* was negatively correlated with palladium content, and R value was -0.623, -0.365, -0.674 respectively. Multiple regression analysis among ΔE*, ΔL*, Δa*, and Δb* after there days and the alloy composition showed that silver was positively correlated with ΔE* (R = 0.510, p<0.01), and CIE L* was influenced by silver and copper content, CIE a* was influenced by copper and indium content, CIE b* was influenced by silver content (p<0.01). VHN number was 146.00∼347.60 before heat treatment, and 161.20∼331.20 after heat treatment.

Standardized Suicide Prevention Program for Gatekeeper Intervention of North Korean Defectors in South Korea

Lee Yeon Jung,Lee Hyeon-Ah,Kim Kyong Ah,Baik Myungjae,Paik Jong-Woo,Seol Jinmi,Lee Sang Min,Lee Eun-Jin,Lee Haewoo,Lim Meerae,Jun Jin Yong,Ki Seon Wan,Jeon Hong Jin,Kwon Sun Jung,Lee Hwa-Young 대한신경정신의학회 2023 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.20 No.5

Objective North Korean defectors (NKDs) have experienced substantial difficulties during the migration and settlement in South Korea. They have a high prevalence of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and suicidal behaviors. The high prevalence of mental disorders among NKDs can lead to a high suicide rate. However, there are no suicide prevention programs for NKDs. This study aims to customize a suicide prevention program with content suitable for NKDs’ particular circumstances.Methods A multidisciplinary research team developed this program based on domestic and international gatekeeper training programs for suicide prevention and articles related to suicide prevention.Results We developed a multi-part gatekeeper training program, “Suicide CARE for NKDs.” In the “Introduction,” trainees learn about the need for the program and its importance. In “Careful observation,” trainees learn to recognize linguistic, behavioral, and situational signals of suicide risk. In “Active listening,” trainees learn how to ask about suicidal thoughts and to listen empathetically. In “Risk evaluation and expert referral,” trainees learn to evaluate suicide risk and to connect NKDs with institutes or services.Conclusion We expect this program to become useful for training gatekeepers to prevent suicide among NKD. A future follow-up study is needed to confirm the efficacy of the program.