trunmnt: An R package for calculating moments in a truncated multivariate normal distribution

Lee, Seung-Chun The Korean Statistical Society 2021 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.28 No.6

The moment calculation in a truncated multivariate normal distribution is a long-standing problem in statistical computation. Recently, Kan and Robotti (2017) developed an algorithm able to calculate all orders of moment under different types of truncation. This result was implemented in an R package MomTrunc by Galarza et al. (2021); however, it is difficult to use the package in practical statistical problems because the computational burden increases exponentially as the order of the moment or the dimension of the random vector increases. Meanwhile, Lee (2021) presented an efficient numerical method in both accuracy and computational burden using Gauss-Hermit quadrature. This article introduces trunmnt implementation of Lee's work as an R package. The Package is believed to be useful for moment calculations in most practical statistical problems.

Universal Vector Driven Tester (VDT)

Seung Y. “Daniel” Lee,Byunghwan Chun,Brian Y. Kim,Austin S. Kim 한국통신학회 2006 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.7

Purge & Trap-GC를 이용한 의약품 필름코팅 정제 중 잔류용제에 관한 연구

장준식,이명자,소유섭,문춘선,이주헌,박희라,김진숙,강경모,이선옥,방성연,유미자,유문균,금오성,이병욱 식품의약품안전청 2000 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.4 No.-

의약품은 약물을 생체에 적풋하기 위하여 유효성분의 효과가 언제나 일정하게 확보되고 사응에 편리하도록 만들어지는 것이므로 유효썽분 이외에 약효에 영향을 주지 않는 성분이 첨가되는 경운가 많다. 이 때 사용되는 용매들은 제피의 광택 및 건쪼시간의 단축 등을 위하여 휘발점이 낮을 용매들이 주로 사용되어진다. 본 연구는 의약품 필름코팅정제 중 잔류용매 4종(chlorofonr benzen, trichloro ethylen, 1,4-dioxane)에 대한 변형된 pirge & trap-GC 장치를 이용한 동시분석방법을 개발하였으며, 각 표준품의 RSD 값은 chloroform 3.03%, benzen 3.17%, trichloroethylen 3.69% and 1,4-dioxane 3.41%였다. 또한 시중 유통중인 의약품 50종에 대하여 잔류웅매 양을 측정하였으며, 검출되는 잔류용매는 한 건도 없었다. This study nras carried out to develope the analytical method for the mixture of chlorefonn, benzen, trichloroethylen and 1,4-dioxane simultaneously and determine the remainingorgauic solvents in coating tablets by Purge & Trap-GC. The results were as follouFs ; 1. Chloroform, benzen, trio:tloroethylen and 1,4-dioxane separated by tenax #5 trap by HP-624GC column by terrlperature programming. The peaks were separated completely at retentiontime of 6.88min for chloroform, 8.21min for benzen, 10.38miu for trichloroethylen and 11.95minfor 1,4-dioxane. 2. Standard RSD were individually chloroform 3.03%, benzen 3.17%, trichloroethylen 3.69%and 1,4-diorane 3.41%. 3. 60 samples were not detrcted chloroform, benzen, trichloroethylen and 1,4-dioxane.

An Investigation on the Life of Master Won Guk Lee, the Creator of Chung-Do-Kwan

( Seon Young Jung ),( Jun Ho Lee ),( Seung Woo Shin ),( Chun Hwan Cho ),( Seung Hyun Jang ),( Won Shin ) 경남대학교 기초과학연구소 2014 기초과학지 Vol.31 No.-

The purpose of this study is to review (or, investigate) the life of Won Guk Lee. He is the creator of Chung-Do-Kwan, which is one of the five original Taekwondo kwans. Data was gathered from advanced research, newspapers, documentaries, the Internet, magazines, and journals etc. Thus, we were able to create a sequence of events based on the research data. First, we can say that in Won Guk Lee``s career, he created Chung-Do-Kwan and brought Dangsoodo to Korea. These events have had a significant development on Taekwondo. Second, Taekwondo curriculum, which was published by Won Guk Lee, established the foundation of Taekwondo poomsae, as well as giving us the pure spirit of Korean martial arts.

市乳의 貯藏期間에 따른 耐冷性 微生物 및 化學的 特性의 變化에 關한 硏究

이수원,강일수,양희진,백승천 성균관대학교 생명과학자원연구소 1997 生命資源科學硏究 Vol.4 No.1

The present study was conducted to predict shelf life of pasteurized milk with analysis of volatile compounds and sensory evaluation of milk to growth of psychrotrophic bacteria. Pseudomonas fluorescens KFRI 00194 inoculated concentration of 10^4 cfu/㎖ to observe of changes on sensory evaluation and volatile compounds of pasteurized milk. The results obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows; The psychrotrophic bacteria number at 4℃ were increased 6.39×10 exp(4)cfu/㎖ until first day and 2.20×10 exp(6)cfu/㎖, 1.17×10 exp(7)cfu/㎖ after 5 and 10days, respectively. The volatile compounds were shown the decreasing tendancies in acetaldehyde, ethanol depending on storage days, especially ethanol contents were significantly decreased between 5 and 10days storage(P<0.05). Diacetyl, 2-heptanone, 2-butanone and 3-methyl-1-butanol were shown the increasing tendencies of contents. Diacetyl, 2-heptanone and 2-butanone were significantly increased between 5 and 10days, 1 and 5days, 5 and 10days and 1 and 5days, respectively(P<0.05). However, 3-methyl-1-butanol was shown a increasing tendancy depending on storage days but the significantly different was not recognized. The changes of sensory evaluation were rapidly decrease from 6.8point first day to 4.2point after 10days and the decrease of organoleptic acceptability was significantly different recognized(P<0.05), excepted of 1 and 2days. The organoleptic acceptability according to increasing of psychrotrophic bacteria numbers were decreased. The organoleptic acceptability depending on changes of volatile compounds were shown to a conversed correlation coefficient with the exception of acetaldehyde and acetone. Especially, 2-heptanone, 2butanone and 3-methyl-1-butanol were gradually decreased of acceptability by the contents.

성형조건에 따른 무연탄계 활성탄의 세공특성

이송우,나영수,김도한,류동춘,최동훈,류병순,송승구 한국화학공학회 2002 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.40 No.1

본 연구는 무연탄으로 활성탄을 제조할 경우 성형이 세공특성에 미치는 효과를 고찰한 것이다. 3가지 다른 방법으로 활성탄(파쇄형 활성탄, 압축성형 활성탄, 압축성형 활성탄)을 제조하여 특성을 비교했다. 이중에서 25%의 콜타르와 7%의 물을 혼합하여 압출 성형한 활성탄이 비표면적, 세공부피, 그리고 경도에서 가장 좋은 물성을 나타내었다. 압축 및 압출 성형체의 표면은 무연탄 원탄과는 달리 무연탄 분말이 바인더와 혼합되어 있으므로 매우 거친 상태를 나타내었고, 활성화시 거칠게 형성되어 있는 입자사이로 활성화제인 수증기가 쉽게 침투하여 많은 세공을 형성시킴을 알 수 있었다. 이렇게 형성된 세공을 통해 수증기 활성화반응이 잘 일어나 직경 3,000-50,000Å 범위의 거대세공이 발달하였다. 파쇄형 활성탄에 비해 약 2배의 거대세공(macropore)부피를 가지고 있었으며 경도도 30%에서 95% 이상으로 상승되었다. This study was to investigate the effect of granulation process on pore characteristics in manufacturing anthracitebased activated carbons. The activated carbons were made by three different methods to compare characteristics: the crushed activated carbon, the compressed activated carbon, and the extruded activated carbon. Among these activated carbons, the extruded activated carbon using a binder that consists of 25% coal tar and 7% water showed the best characteristics in specific surface area, pore volume, and hardness. Since the compressed and the extruded substances had coarser surfaces than a raw material, steam could penetrate easily through particles and produce macropores especially in the diameter ranges of 3,000-50,000Å during activation process. The extruded activated carbon showed about twice more macropore volumes than the crushed activated carbon and the hardness was increased from 30% up to 95%.

압출성형에 의한 국산 무연탄 활성탄의 세공구조 변화

이송우,문장천,김도한,이창한,최동훈,류동춘,송승구 부산대학교 환경문제연구소 2000 環境硏究報 Vol.18 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the variation of pore size distribution of the coal-based extruded activated carbon. The extruded activated carbon was prepared by extruding the mixture of coal powder and coal tar. Pore size distribution of the extruded activated carbon was compared with that of the extruded coal and the extruded char. Also it was compared with that of the crushed activated carbon, raw coal and char. The extruded coal had coarser surface than that of raw coal. Macropores of the extruded coal were funned near 10,000Å in diameter during carbonization process and steam penetrated easily between particles and were growing between 3,000Å and 20,000Å in diameter during activation process.

독립성검정에 의한 연관성의 측정

이승천,허문열 성균관대학교 응용통계연구소 2002 통계연구 Vol.10 No.-

두 확률변수의 연관성을 측정하는 연관성 측도는 많이 있으나, 이러한 연관성 측도는 같은 유형인 변수들의 연관성만을 측정하기 위한 것으로 여러 가지 유형의 변수들이 혼재되어 있는 혼합자료에서 사용하기는 곤란하다. 본 논문에서는 두 확률변수의 독립성 검정을 통해 구한 p-값으로 혼합자료에서 사용될 수 있는 새로운 연관성 측도를 구하였으며, 이렇게 구하여 진 연관성 측도가 혼합자료에서 변수들 간의 연관성을 비교하는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있음을 보였다. Although there exist numerous measures of association, most of them are lacking in generality in that they do not intend to measure the association between heterogeneous type of random variables. On the other hand, many statistical analyzes dealing with complex data sets require a very sophisticate measure of association. In this note, we propose to utilize the $p$--value of an independence test to obtain a measure of association. The proposed measure of association have some consistency in measuring association between various types of random variables.

사무직 근로자의 경력개발 지원 현황 및 요구 분석 : 중소기업과 대기업의 비교를 중심으로

이찬,정철영,나승일,김진모,강두천 한국농업교육학회 2008 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.40 No.2

이 연구의 목적은 우리나라 대기업 및 중소기업의 사무직 근로자 경력개발 지원 현황 및 교육 요구를 분석하고 경력개발 지원의 필요성 및 시사점을 도출하는데 있다. 따라서, 기업체 인사교육담당지들을 대상으로 사무직 근로자 직무교육 현황, 사무직 근로자의 역량수준 및 요구, 직무교육이 필요한 사무직의 업무활동분야 국가차원에서의 시무직 분야별 교육과정 개발 요구 등에 대한 요구분석을 실시하였다. 구체적인 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대부분의 기업은 전문역량을 보유한 근로자를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 사무직 근로자의 경우 직위가 올라갈수록 전문가 수준에 근접한 직무역량이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 전체 응답기업의 74.9%가 직무교육을 실시하고 있다고 응답하였고 근로자 1인당 연평균 직무교육 시간은 49시간으로 나타났다. 넷째, 전체 응답기업의 64.8%는 외부 위탁교육을 실시하는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 중소기업이 대기업에 비해 위탁교육 의존도가 더 높은 것으로 드러났다. 다섯째, 승계계획(succession plan)은 전체 응답기업의 25.7%만이 도입 · 운영하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 여섯째, 국가가 사무직 근로자의 직무능력 향상을 위해 교육과정을 개발하는 것에 대해서는 전체 응답기업의 69.7%가 긍정적으로 인식하였고, 가장 우선적으로 개발해야 할 교육과정으로는 전체 응답기업의 60.8%가 인사 · 노무 분야를 선정하였다. 마지막으로, 국가가 사무직 근로자를 대상으로 한 교육과정을 개발할 경우 전체 응답기업의 58.5%가 해당 교육과정에 근로자를 참여시킬 것이라고 응답하였다. 이를 통하여 ①사무직 근로자들의 일반역량과 전문역량을 모두 강화할 수 있는 전략적 접근의 필요성,②중소기업을 중심으로 사무직 근로자의 직무역량을 강화할 수 있는 직무 교육 확대 및 지원방안 요구, ③경력개발제도의 도입 · 운영의 필요성, ④국가가 가장 우선적으로 개발해야할 교육과정으로 도출된 인사 · 노무, 마케팅, 회계 분야에 있어서는 직무분석, 환경분석, 학습과제 분석 등의 실시를 제언하였다. The purpose of this study was to analyze training needs and current situation of career development of office workers in small-medium sized enterprises and large corporations to find initiatives for supporting career development in Korea. The survey was conducted to HR practitioners in small-medium sized enterprises and large corporations about training situation of office workers, competency level of office workers, areas in need of training, and needs of curriculum development from government subsidized programs. Findings from this study was as follows. First, most of the companies prefer workers with job professional competencies. Second, expert level job competency was required for office workers as they got promoted. Third, 74.9% of responding companies was conducting job training and average training hours per year for workers were 49 hours. Forth, 64.8% of responding companies was conducting outsourcing training. Especially for small and medium sized companies, they tended to more rely on outsourcing training. Fifth, only 25.7% of responding companies was conducting succession plan. Sixth, 69.7% of responding companies reacted positively about developing government-directed training program. Finally, if the Korean government develops training curriculum for office workers, 58.5% of the responding companies answered that they would have their employees take the training programs. In short, ① Needs of strategic approach for strengthening general competencies and professional competencies for office workers, ② Request of supporting policy for strengthening job competencies of office workers focusing on small and medium sized enterprises, ③ Neccessity of introduction and operation of career development system, ④ Operating task analysis, job analysis, environment analysis in the field of HR, Labor, Marketing, Accounting which needs to be developed in advance by the Korean government were suggested.

한우의 간이물질 대사효소의 활성도

이관복,박승춘,한경오,윤호인 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 1994 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.1 No.-

It is important to study the activity of drug biotransformation enzymes, because from a pharmacological and therapeutic point of view these enzymes are resposible for eliminating most drugs. Their level is ciritical when deciding the dose regimen. (From a toxicological perspective, the role of these enzymes varies, with some of them being directly responsible for activation of certain chemicals to reactive intermediates with deleterious consequence to the animal.) Experiments were designed to measure in vitro, the activity of drug metabolizing enzymes in liver of Korean native cattle. The microsomal monooxygenase activities were evaluated utilizing specific substrates. The activities of BPDM and TST 6β-hydroxylase were seemed to be high level relatively to other monooxygenzses such as ECOD, EROD and AH. Interestingly, TST 16α-hydroxylase which is a maker enzyme for CYP ⅠLA was not detected in Korean native cattle. These results sugest that Korean native cattle have high contents of CYP IIB1 and CYP IIIA.