실험적 급성 심근경색증 후 좌심실 재성형에 관여하는 간질 조직의 변화에 대한 전환효소억제제의 기전에 대한 연구 : 백서의 非痛璧性 심근경색 후 좌심실 재성형 및 Transforming Grawth Factor β-1의 발현 변화와 이에 대한 레닌 안지오텐신계 차단제의 효과 분석 Effects on Transforming Growth Factor - β-1 Expression

연태진,김석연,김효수,김어진,김소영,정은주,서정욱,오병희 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.9

그람양성구균에 대한 Teicoplanin과 Vancomycin의 시험관내 항균력

최태열,김경숙,전용관,서일혜,김정욱,이웅수,안정열,김홍석,정재용,최효선,김덕언,유진우 대한감염학회 1994 감염 Vol.26 No.1

An increasing frequency of methicillin resistant S. aureus(MRSA), methicillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococci(MRCNS) and Enterococcal infection have been observed in recent years. Teicoplanin is a new glycopeptide antibiotic obstained from the Actinoplanes teicomycetius. The molecular structure and spectrum of antimicrobial activity of teicoplanin is simillar to those of vancomycin, and has been reported to have an excellent in vitro and in vivo effect against various gram-positive infections. Therefore, we evaluated the in vitor susceptibility of gram positive cocci, such as, S. aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococci(CNS), and Enterococci to teicoplanin and vancomycin. The total 253 strains consisted of MSSA(40), MRSA(53), MSCNS(47), MRCNS(48), and Enterococci(65). They were assayed by disc diffusion and agar dilution. During the study, 57% of S. aureus and 49% of CNS showed resistance to methicillin. The inhibitory diameter of teicoplanin was 15-20mm in MSSA, 12-19mm in MRSA, 13-24mm in MSCNS, 11-23mm in MRCNS, and 15-22mm in Enterococci respectively, and showed sensitivity in all but 8 strains(3.2%). The range of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of teicoplanin to MSSA, MRSA, MSCNS, MRCNS and Enterococci were 9.12-2.0㎍/ml, 0.25-2.0㎍/ml, & 0.25-32㎍/ml, 0.12-1.0㎍/ml respectively. One case of S. haemolyticus was resistant to teicoplanin (32㎍/ml) by the agar dilution method. Eight minor (3.2%) and one major(0.4%) error was observed when the MIC and disk diffusion data were correlated with teicoplanin. As for vancomycin the inhibitory diameter was 17-21mm in MSSA, 15-21mm in MRSA, 18-26mm in MSCNS, 18-25mm in MRCNS, and 16-22mm in Enterococci respectively. The range of the MIC of vancomycin to MSSA, MRSA, MSCNS, MRCNS, and Enterococci were 0.25-1.0㎍/ml, 0.25-4.0㎍/ml, 0.5-2.0㎍/ml and 0.5-2.0㎍/ml respectively. One minor error (0.4%) was seen with the vancomycin disk. The MIC90 of MSSA and MRSA exhibited the same results in teicoplanin (1.0㎍/ml, 1.0㎍/ml), and vancomycin(2.0㎍/ml, 2.0㎍/ml). MSCNS and MRCNS exhibited greater MIC90 with teicoplanin(4.0㎍/ml, 8.0㎍/ml) than vancomycin(2.0㎍/ml, 2.0㎍/ml). Incontrase Enterococci were more susceptible to teicoplanin(0.5㎍/ml) than to vancomucin (2.0㎍/ml). Results from this analysis indicated that both teicoplanin and vancomycin were very excellent for gram positive infections, especially those resistant to methicillin.

비소세포폐암에서 Microsatellite Instability

전효성,김정란,손지웅,박선하,박태인,김창호,김인산,정태훈,박재용 경북대학교 병원 2001 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.5 No.1

연구베경:MMR 유전자의 불활성화에 의해 야기되는 뮤전적 불안정성은 발암기전의 한 부류로 인정되고 있다.저자들은 비소세포폐암의 발암과정에서의 MSI의 역할을 규명하기 위해 비소세포폐암에서 MSI의 빈도 및 MSI 유무에 따른 임상상의 차이를 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법:근치적 절제술을 받은 비소세포폐암 20예를 대상으로 하였다.동결된 폐암조직과 환자의 림프구에서 DNA를 추출한 후 3P와 9p의 15개의 marker들을 대상으로 PCR을 시행하고 7% polyacrylamide gel에서 전기영동한 후 silver 염색을 시행하였다. 암조직과 림프구 DNA의 PCR product의 band를 비교하여 MSI와 LOH를 판정하였다. 결과:1)대상환자들은 남자 19예,여자 1예였으며 모두 흡연자였고 평균 흠연력은 47 갑년이었다. 폐암의 조직형은 편평상피암 15예, 선암 4예,대세포암 1예였고, 술 후 병리학적 병기는 Ⅰ기 6예,Ⅱ기 5예, ⅢA기 7예,ⅢB기 2예였다. 2)20예 가운데 8예(40%)에서 MSI가 관찰되었으며 3예는 한 개의 marker에서,5예는 2개 이상의 marker에서 MSI가 관찰되었다. 3)LOH는 10예(50%)에서 있었으며,LOH유무에 따른 병가 및 흡연력의 차이가 없었다. 4)분석한 marker의 10% 이상에서 MSI가 관찰된 MSI-L종양은 5예였으며, 대부분의 marker에서 MSI양성인 MSI-H종양은 없었다.MSS종양과 MSI-L종양은 흡연력, 병기, 폐암 조직형 및 LOH 빈도의 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론:비소세포폐암에서 MSI는 비교적 흔히 관찰되지만 MMR 유전자의 불활성화에 의한 MMP pathway 는 비소세포폐암의 주요 발생기전은 아닐 것으로 생각된다.향 후 비소세포폐암의 발암과정에 있어서 MMP pathway의 역할을 규명하기 위해서는 보다 많은 예를 대상으로 한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, MSI 발생기전에 관한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Purpose: Microsatellite instability(MSI) is frequently used as an indicator of microsatellite mutator phenotype (MMP) tumors.MSI has been observed in a percentage of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).However, its role in tumorigenesis of NSCLC remains unknown.The frequency and partten of MSI in NSCLC were evaluted and clinical parameters of MSI-positive tumors with those of MSS(microsatellite stable) tumors were compared. Materials and Methods: Twenty surgically resected NSCLCs were analyzed for 15 microsatellite markers located at chromosomes 3p and 9p.The peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients were used as the source of the normal DNA. Results:1) of 20 cases, 8(40%) demonstrated MSI. 2) Instability was observed more frequently in tri- and tetra-nucleotide repeats that in dinucleotide repeats. In all cases, instability appeared as a shift of individual allelic bands. 3) LOH was observed in 10(50%) of 20 tumors analyzed. 4) Of 20 cases, MSI-H tumor(showing MSI in the majority of markers) was absent. There were 5 MSI-L tumors( showing MSI in a greater than 10% of markers). 5) No significant difference was observed between MSI-L tumors and MSI negative tumors in terms of clinicopathologic features such as pack-year history of smoking, histologic subtype, and (delete) stage of disease.There was also no significant difference in the incidence of LOH in relation to the status of MSI. Conclusion: These data strongly suggest that MSI plays different roles in lung and colon cancer.MMP pathway appears to be far less important in the tumorigenesis of NSCLC, caused mainly by cigarette smoke, with little familial tendency.(tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 2000,48:24-32)

구개부에 발생한 다형성선종의 치험례

이창진,김태열,김효언,김희광,전인성,윤규호 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.22 No.2

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common of all salivary gland tumors, constituting over 50 per cent of all cases of tumors, and approximately 90 per cent of all benign salivary gland tumors. Since the term mixed tumor' was introduced by Broca for its dual origin of epithelial and mesenchymal elements, the term plemorphic adenoma suggested by Willis characterizes closely the unusual histologic pattern of the lesion. The parotid gland is the most common site but it may occur in any of the salivary glands. It is somewhat more frequent in women and in the fourth to sixth decades, but they are also relatively common in young adult and have been known to occur in children. Treatment of choice is surgical excision. Adequate surgery with safe margin reduce its recurrence rate. We represent a case of pleomorphic adenoma with literature review in 65-year old male occured in the palate. The lesion was successfully treated by surgical excision.

Korean English Teacher's Disempowerment in English-only Classes

Sung-Sam Hwang,Hyo-Sun Seo,Tae-Young Kim 한국사회언어학회 2010 사회언어학 Vol.18 No.1

Hwang, Sung-Sam, SeD, Hyo-Sun, Kim, Tae-Young. 2010. Korean English Teacher's Disempowerment in English-only Classes: A Case Study Focusing on Korea-specific Cultural Aspects. The Sociolinguistic journal of Korea 18(1). In this case study, we have focused on the disempowerment of a Korean English teacher (KET) in English-only classrooms. Six English as a foreign language (EFL) classrooms in a Korean high school were observed and analyzed by using interpretive discourse analysis. Out of the six classes, three representative classrooms were both video- and audio-taped. The results show that the English-only classes could weaken the KETs' power via three mechanisms: (a) calling the KETs' last name for choral greetings at the beginning of the class, (b) students' group solidarity and peer pressure between classmates, and (c) the students' excessively collaborative approach to peer assistance. It is argued that the exclusive English-only instruction disempowers the KETs' status and dismantles their vocational identity. In order to remedy the current situation, within a scaffolding supported by the eclectic use of first language where necessary for effective class management, KETs are empowered and overcome constraints imposed by the limited L2 oral competence of some non-native English teachers.

기저세포암, 피부전이암과 유사한 조직소견을 보인 안검 외 피지선암 1예

김상태,노효진,서기석 고신대학교의과대학 2008 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.23 No.1

Backgroud : Extraocular sebaceous carcinoma is a malignant tumor derived from the adnexal epithelium of sebaceous glands. A poorly differentiated sebaceous carcinoma shows variable histopathologic findings and mimics other primary tumor and cutaneous metastases mostly composed of clear cells. Case : Our patient consultation was requested for a 53 year?old female with solitary mild painful tumor on the scalp. The first histopathlogic impression of this case was basal cell carcinoma on the other hospital. After reevaluation, our diagnosis is not basal cell carcinoma but extraocular sebaceous carcinoma. Conclusion : A thorough exact recognition of characteristic histopathologic features of extraocular sebaceous carcinoma is necessary for making diagnosis, treatment plan and determining the prognosis.

Insulin에 의하여 유도된 혈장 Homovanillic Acid 농도변화와 정신분열병환자의 임상증상

김병효,윤태호,한규희 대한생물치료정신의학회 1999 생물치료정신의학 Vol.5 No.2

요 약12명의 정상대조군과 54명의 항정신병약물을 복용중인 정신분열병환자를 연구대상으로 하여 insulin 투여후의 혈장 HVA농도의 변동을 알아 보았다. Insulin투여후의 변동을 알아 보기 위해 오전 8시에 기저 혈액을 채혈하고 insulin(0.1 unit/kg)을 투여한 후 30, 60, 90분 시점에 채혈하였다.정상대조군은 insulin을 투여하지 않은 상태의 오전 8시 기저치는 12.46ng/ml이었으며 이로부터 insulin투여 후 30, 60, 90분 후 HVA의 농도는 11.94, 11.86, 11.21ng/ml로 유의하게 감소하는 경향을 볼 수 있었다. 전체 정신분열병환자의 기저치는 10.81, insulin투여 30분 후 10.73, 60분 후 11.27, 90분 후 10.97ng/ml로 나타났다. 25명의 양성군 환자들의 기저치는 10.38, 30분 후 9.83, 60분 후 10.31, 90분후 9.73ng/ml로 나타났다. 27명의 음성군환자들의 기저치는 11.44, 30분 후 11.64, 60분 후 12.18, 90분 후 11.53ng/ml로 나타났다. 양성-음성지수와 HVA농도의 변동을 살펴 보았던 바 음성지수가 증가함에 따라 HVA농도도 증가하는 양상을 볼 수 있었다. The authors tried to compare the significant changes of plasma homovanillic acid(HVA) concentration after insulin administration in normal controls(n=12) and schizophrenic patients(n=54). Male patients with schizophrenia taking neuroleptics were participated in this study, with multiple samplings at baseline, 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes after insulin administration. There was a gradual decrement of plasma HVA concentrations from 8 to 9:30 am in normal controls. Plasma concentration at baseline was 12.46ng/ml in normal controls. It decreased to 11.94, 11.86 and 11.21ng/ml at 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes after insulin administration. Plasma concentration at baseline was 10.81ng/ml in schizophrenic patients. It changed to 10.73, 11.27, and 10.97ng/ml at 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes after insulin administration. This pattern was not correlated with clinical variables, such as age, onset age, duration of illness and presence of family history. Schizophrenic patients were grouped into five groups by negative syndrome scale. The negative syndrome score correlated positively with plasma HVA concentration. This result suggests that plasma HVA concentration can be a biological marker for the clinical states in patients with schizophrenia. In the near future, the author will try to confirm whether the insulin-HVA method can be used as a biological indicator for the elucidation of complex clinical manifestations of schizophrenia.

변환영역에서 벡터양자화를 이용한 영상압축기법에 관한 연구

김태효,최재윤 慶南大學校 附設 工業技術硏究所 1994 硏究論文集 Vol.12 No.-

본 논문은 벡터양자화(vector Quantization, VQ) 방법을 이용한 영상데이타 압축기법을 연구하였다. VQ는, 변환영역에서 에너지특성을 이용하여 영상데이타를 압축하는데 사용된다. 먼저 2차원 이산코사인변환영역(2D DCT domain)에서 에너지분포특성을 기술하고, 수정 제안된 LBG 알고리즘을 적용한 분류벡터양자화(CVQ) 방법으로 영상 부호화한 내용을 설명하였다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 결과, 이 방법은 코드북을 이용한 기존의 벡터양자화 방법보다 0.6-0.9bpp 전송범위에서 약 1.0dB 향상된 해상도 특성을 얻을 수 있었음을 나타내었다. This paper is investigated as the image data compession method by means of a vector quantization(VQ). The VQ is used for the image data compression with bit rate reduced by means of the frequency characteristics in transform domain. First, the characteristics of the energy distributions in the 2 dimensional Discrete Cosine Transform(DCT) domain is introduced and an image coding with classified vector quantization, based on an improved LBG algorithm, is presented. The computer simulation shows that this proposed method could obtain the better resolution of about 1.0dB in the 0.6-0.9bpp range than that of conventional vector quantization using the codebook.

1급 응급구조사 분야 국가시험의 문제점 및 개선방안

김태민,김효식 제주한라대학 1998 論文集 Vol.22 No.-

It is about time to have overall change and new direction in the area of the National Examination for the First Level Emergency Medical Technicians 1st. E.M.T. since all the health care related examinations including emergency service area are newly in charge of the National Health Personal Licensing Department. Furthermore the great change is expected on the National Examination for the 1st. E.M.T, because of the fact that the ministry of health and social welfare announced a matter of revision in legislation related to the administration of laws and regulations in emergency service, and claimed to have overall reform in the area of the National Examination for 1st. E.M.T. from January 2000. The National Examination for the 1st. E.M.T. should be revised to be a reliable tool to measure abilities, knowledge, skills, attitudes of the 1st. E.M.T. To solve general problems in the matter of subject selection, the degree of difficulty of the test, the style and the number of the test items, revision and management of the items, proper time and place selection for the national examination, and the test for the practicum and physical strength, following suggestions need to be accomplished. (1) Title and relative importance of the subjects of the test should be adjusted to parallel with the tasks of the emergency medical technicians. (2) The test should be based on the text books which are written according to the goals and objectives of the subjects. (3) Overall test item numbers and ratio of the test style need to be balanced considering other healthcarerelated national examinations. (4) The degree of the difficultly and validity of the test need to be evaluated, and test items should be revised, added, and secured. (5) Consideration should be given to the students from the local areas, shortening the period of the test or changing the test place to the local areas. (6) The validity of the tests for the practicum and physical strength needs to be evaluated, and evaluation tool should be revised as well.

주형을 이용한 실리카 나노구조체 합성

김효중,곽중협,서태수,서동수 한국화학공학회 2002 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.40 No.3

나노미터 직경을 갖는 침상형의 주형(hydroxyapatite)을 이용한 새로운 접근 방법으로 실리카 나노구조체를 졸-겔법을 근간으로 합성하였다. 본 합성법은 나노전구체(실리카 피복 주형) 제조, 나노전구체 소성 및 주형제거 과정으로 구성되어 있다. 나노전구체에 대한 주사 전자현미경(SEM), 투과 전자현미경(TEM), X-선 회절 분석(XRD) 및 광전자 분광 분석(XPS) 결과를 통해 주형 표면에 실리카가 피복되어 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 고분해능 XPS 분석에 의해 관찰되는 넓고 비대칭적인 O 1s 스펙트럼의 curve-fitting을 검토한 결과 나노전구체 표면에 여러 종류의 산소가 존재함을 보였다. 또한, 에너지 분산 X-선 분석(EDS)을 통해 나노구조체는 실리콘과 산소로 조성되어 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 실리카 나노구조체 직경은 대부분 50-200㎚ 정도로 주형의 직경과 동일한 양상을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 통해 본 연구에서 제안한 방법이 나노구조체의 새로운 합성방법으로써 적용 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다. A novel technique for the synthesis of silica nanostructures with needle-like template, hydroxyapatite, having nanometer diameter was investigated in this study. The synthetic method consisted of the following main steps: the preparation of nanoprecursor(silica-coated templates), the calcination of nanoprecursor and the removal of templates. The analysis results of scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy(XPS) for nanoprecursor revealed that silica particles were deposited onto the surface of templates. Further examinations(curve-fitting processing) of the asymmetrical broadening of O 1s peaks in the XPS spectra indicate the presence of multiple oxygen species on the surface. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS) result confirmed that nanostructures were composed of silicon and oxygen. The diameters of the synthesized nanostructures, mainly in the range of 50-200㎚, correspond to the diameters of the templates. The results confirm that the proposed technique in this study can be utilized as a new method to fabricate the nanostructures.