논문 : 강원도 양양지역 소나무림의 지상부 바이오매스와 수관층 연료특성에 관한 연구

김성용 ( Sung Yong Kim ),이영진 ( Young Jin Lee ),장미나 ( Mi Na Jang ),서연옥 ( Yeon Ok Seo ),구교상 ( Kyo Sang Koo ),정성철 ( Sung Cheol Jung ),김경하 ( Kyung Ha Kim ) 한국임학회 2012 한국산림과학회지 Vol.101 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 강원도 양양지역에 분포하는 소나무림을 대상으로 지상부 바이오매스와 수관층 연료특성에 대하여 분석하고자 하였다. 연구대상지는 강원도 양양군 현남면 하월천리 일대 소나무림으로 선정하였으며, 총 13본의 표본목을 벌채하여 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과에 의하면, 양양지역 소나무림의 줄기밀도(g·cm-3)는 0.347~0.409, 지상부 바이오매스 확장계수는 1.251~1.419의 범위로 나타났다. 지상부 연료량은 총 161.6 Mg·ha-1로 나타났으며, 줄기 126.4 Mg·ha-1, 가지 29.3 Mg·ha-1, 잎 5.9 Mg·ha-1로 나타났다. 수관층 연료특성 인자에 관한 연구에서는 수관화 확산 시 연소될 수 있는 연소가능 연료(잎~1 cm이하 가지)의 비율은 45.2%로 나타났고, 연료량을 수관체적으로 나눈 연소가능 연료밀도(kg·m-3)는 평균 0.178로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 소나무림의 바이오매스 및 탄소 흡수량 추정과 수관화 위험성을 연료적 관점에서 평가하는데 있어 유용한 기초자료가 될 것으로 사료된다. The objective of this study was to analyze the above-ground biomass and crown fuel characteristics of Pinus densiflora stands in Yangyang, Gangwon province. A total of thirteen representative trees were destructively sampled in Yangyang region. The results showed that the stem density (g·cm-3) was 0.347~0.409, whereas the above-ground biomass expansion factors ranged from 1.251~1.419. In terms of crown fuel biomass, the above-ground biomass was 161.6 Mg·ha-1 while the stem biomass, branch biomass and needle biomass were 126.4 Mg·ha-1, 29.3 Mg·ha-1 and 5.9 Mg·ha-1, respectively. Needles and twigs with less than 1 cm diameter accounted 45.2% of the total crown fuel load. The available crown bulk density, which was calculated by dividing the crown fuel load to the crown volume, was 0.178 kg·m-3. The results of this study on the biomass and carbon stocks estimation of the Pinus densiflora together with the crown fire hazard assessment based on crown fuel loads are very significant information for the forest managers.

연구논문 : 만성 바이러스간질환에서 간섬유화의 다양한 비침습 혈청표지자검사의 비교

김선민 ( Sun Min Kim ),손주현 ( Joo Hyun Sohn ),김태엽 ( Tae Yeob Kim ),노영욱 ( Young Wook Roh ),은창수 ( Chang Soo Eun ),전용철 ( Yong Cheol Jeon ),한동수 ( Dong Soo Han ),오영하 ( Young Ha Oh ) 대한간학회 2009 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.15 No.4

목적: 만성 바이러스간질환에서 병의 경과와 예후를 평가하고 치료반응을 예측함에 있어 간섬유화의 진단은 중요하다. 최근 간섬유화 평가에 표준방법이지만 침습적 간생검을 대신하여 여러 가지 비침습적 진단법이 이용되고 있고, 또한 새로운 검사법들이 개발되고 있다. 저자들은 만성 B형 및 C형간염 환자를 대상으로 임상에서 광범위하게 흔히 시행하는 혈액검사와 임상 소견을 이용한 아래와 같은 진단법들만으로 간섬유화를 얼마나 정확하게 평가할 수 있는지 알아보고, 단일 검사로 간섬유화를 평가하는 데 유용하다고 알려져 있는 hyaluronic acid(HA)와 IV형 콜라겐 농도와 비교하여 그 임상적 유용성을 평가하였다. 대상과 방법: 2002년 3월부터 2007년 2월까지 만성 바이러스간 질환으로 간생검을 시행받은 225명의 환자(HBV 180명, HCV 43명, HBV+HCV 2명)를 대상으로 분석하였다. 간생검을 시행하는 날에 말초혈액검사, 혈액응고검사, 혈청생화학검사를 시행하고, 혈중 HA, IV형 콜라겐 농도를 측정하였다. 간섬유화의 정도는 F0(섬유화가 없음), F1(문맥역 섬유화), F2(문맥주변부 섬유화), F3(섬유성 격막) 및 F4(간경변증)의 4단계로 구분하였다. 대상 환자를 F0-1, F2-4 혹은 F0-2, F3-4의 두 집단으로 분류하여 두 집단을 구분하고자 할 때 AAR(AST/ALT ratio), API(age-platelet index), APRI(AST to platelet index), CDS(cirrhosis discriminant score), platelet count, HA, IV형 콜라겐의 예측능을 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC)값을 이용하여 비교하였다. 결과: 대상환자의 섬유화의 단계는 F0 집단은 17명, F1 집단은 40명, F2 집단은 61명, F3 집단은 74명, F4 집단은 33명이었다. 의미 있는 간섬유화를 F2 이상으로 판단할 때, 의미 있는 섬유화의 예측에 대한 AUROC 값은 APRI=0.822, CDS=0.776, platelet count=0.773, API=0.756, HA=0.749, IV형 콜라겐=0.718, AAR=0.642 순이었고, F3 이상의 광범위한 섬유화 예측에 대한 AUROC값은 CDS=0.835, platelet count=0.795, API=0.794, HA=0.766, AAR=0.711, IV형 콜라겐=0.697, APRI=0.691 순으로 관찰되었다. 결론: 만성 바이러스간질환에서 간섬유화를 평가하는 데 임상 소견 및 혈액검사를 이용한 방법들이 비침습적 진단법 중 단독 검사로도 유용한 것으로 알려져 있는 혈중 HA와 IV형 콜라겐 농도와 비교하여 우월하거나 대등하였다. 특히 APRI는 다른 인자들에 비해 F2 이상의 의미 있는 섬유화를 예측하는 데 가장 유용하였고, CDS는 F3 이상의 광범위한 섬유화를 예측하는 데 가장 유용하였다. Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical performances of noninvasive serum markers for the prediction of liver fibrosis in chronic viral liver diseases. Methods: We analyzed a total of 225 patients with chronic viral liver diseases (180 with hepatitis B virus, 43 with hepatitis C virus, and 2 with hepatitis B+C virus) who underwent a liver biopsy procedure at the Hanyang University Guri Hospital between March 2002 and February 2007. Serum was also obtained at the time of liver biopsy. Liver fibrosis was staged according to the scoring system proposed by the Korean Study Group for the Pathology of Digestive Diseases. Various noninvasive serum markers were evaluated, including the aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio (AAR), age-platelet (AP) index, AST/platelet ratio index (APRI), cirrhosis discriminant score (CDS), platelet count, hyaluronic acid (HA), and type IV collagen. Results: There were 17, 40, 61, 74, and 33 patients at stages F0, F1, F2, F3, and F4, respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracies of each marker, as determined by the area under receiver operating characteristics curves, were APRI=0.822, CDS=0.776, platelet count=0.773, AP index=0.756, HA=0.749, type IV collagen=0.718, and AAR=0.642 for predicting significant fibrosis (≥F2); and CDS=0.835, platelet count=0.795, AP index=0.794, HA=0.766, AAR=0.711, type IV collagen=0.697, and APRI=0.691 for predicting extensive fibrosis (≥F3). Conclusions: Conclusions: All noninvasive serum markers evaluated in this study were useful for predicting significant or extensive liver fibrosis in chronic viral liver diseases. In particular, APRI was most useful for the prediction of significant fibrosis, and CDS was most useful for the prediction of extensive fibrosis. (Korean J Hepatol 2009;15:454-463)

Suppression of lung inflammation by the methanol extract of <i>Spilanthes acmella</i> Murray is related to differential regulation of NF-κB and Nrf2

Kim, Kyun Ha,Kim, Eun Jung,Kwun, Min Jung,Lee, Ji Yeon,Bach, Tran The,Eum, Sang Mi,Choi, Jun Yong,Cho, Sayeon,Kim, Sang-Jun,Jeong, Seung-Il,Joo, Myungsoo Elsevier 2018 Journal of Ethnopharmacology Vol.217 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Ethnopharmacological relevance</B></P> <P>Although <I>Spilanthes acmella</I> has been used to relieve inflammation, fever, pain, or infection in traditional Asian medicine, experimental evidence supporting these functions is scarce. Here, we examined an anti-inflammatory function and a possible underlying mechanism of <I>S. acmella</I> Murray (SAM).</P> <P><B>Materials and method</B></P> <P>The methanol extract of SAM was fingerprinted by HPLC. C57BL/6 mice were administered with a single intratracheal (i.t.) LPS and 2 h later with a single i.t. SAM. The effect of SAM on lung inflammation was assessed by histology, semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and MPO assay of lung tissue. The effects of SAM on a pro-inflammatory factor NF-κB and an anti-inflammatory factor Nrf2 were analyzed by immunoblotting of nuclear proteins and by semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis of mRNA of the genes governed by these transcription factors. V5-Nrf2 was precipitated by an anti-V5 antibody and the ubiquitinated V5-Nrf2 was revealed by immunoblotting of HA-tagged ubiquitin.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>The i.t. SAM robustly diminished a neutrophilic lung inflammation induced by i.t. LPS treatment of mice. In RAW 264.7 cells, SAM suppressed the nuclear localization of NF-κB and the expression of NF-κB-dependent cytokine genes. SAM increased the level of Nrf2 in the nucleus and the expression of Nrf2-dependent genes while suppressing ubiquitination of Nrf2.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>Our results suggest that SAM can suppress a neutrophilic inflammation in mouse lungs, which is associated with suppressed NF-κB and activated Nrf2. Our results provide experimental evidence supporting the anti-inflammatory function of <I>S. acmella</I>.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Genome-wide investigation of a Korean synthetic breed, Woori-Heukdon using the Illumina PorcineSNP60K BeadChip

Yong‑Min Kim,Ha‑Seung Seong,Jung‑Jae Lee,Da‑Hye Son,Jin‑Su Kim,Soo‑Jin Sa,Young‑Sin Kim,Tae‑Jeong Choi,Kyu‑Ho Cho,Joon‑Ki Hong,Jung‑Woo Choi,Eun‑Seok Cho 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.12

Background: Woori-Heukdon (KWH) is a Korean synthetic pig breed generated using Chookjin-Duroc (KCD), Chookjin-Chamdon (KCC), and their crossbreds. Currently, there is a severe lack of studies investigating the Korean breed populations including wild boars (KWB) throughout the genome. Objective: This study was performed to investigate the genetic characteristics of Korean pig populations at the genome-wide level. Methods: Using the SNP dataset derived from genotyped and downloaded datasets using the Illumina PorcineSNP60K BeadChip, we compared the genomes of 532 individuals derived from 23 pig breeds to assess the genetic diversity, inbreeding coefficient, genetic differentiation, and population structure. Results: KWB showed the lowest average expected heterozygosity (HE = 0.1904), while KWH showed the highest genetic diversity (HE = 0.02859) among Korean populations. We verified that the genetic composition of KWH, showing USD of 74.8% and KCC of 25.2% in ADMIXTURE analysis. In population structure analyses, KCC was consistently shown to be separated from other pig populations. In addition, we observed gene flow from Western pigs to a part of Chinese populations. Conclusion: This study showed that Korean native pigs, KCC have genetic differences in comparison with Chinese and Western pigs; despite some historical records and recent genetic studies, we could not find any clear evidence that KCC was significantly influenced by Chinese or Western breeds in this study. We also verified the theoretical genomic composition of KWH at the molecular level in structure analyses. To our knowledge, this is the first genomic study to investigate the genomic characteristics of KWH and KCC.

A Note on Particle Stacking

( Yong Ha Kim ) 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2011 언어연구 Vol.28 No.3

This paper critically examines the problems of selection with the syntactic treatment of particle stacking as presented by Sells (1995), and tries to find a possible solution to them. Reviewing the analysis proposed by Koopman (2005) to resolve the problems of selection, this paper points out that her analysis is also problematic though intriguing. Finally, a potential solution is proposed in this paper that adapts Kim`s (2009) approach to the status of postpositions in Korean.(Andong National University)

절의 정형성과 영주어

김용하 ( Yong Ha Kim ) 서강대학교 언어정보연구소 2010 언어와 정보 사회 Vol.13 No.-

Kim, Yong-Ha(2010), “Finiteness and Null Subject”, Language & Information Society 13, It is a well-identified fact in generative grammar that inflectional elements are closely related to the occurrence of subject. Another important fact concerning inflection/conjugation is the phenomenon of null subject, which includes pro and PRO. PRO is supposed to occur only in non-finite clauses while pro in finite clauses. It would be possible that these two elements exist in a single pro-drop language, in which case one would find it difficult to distinguish between them. Based on PRO`s distribution, we will find out a way to determine the finiteness of a given clause.

흰쥐 척수손상 후 운동회복 양식의 도식적 분석

김상수,김하용,심대무,송하헌,차상도,김종환 대한척추외과학회 1997 대한척추외과학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Objectives : To understand the motor recovery pattern after spinal cord injury, We designed the quantitative measuring method of locomotion recovery using computerized motion analysis combined with video recordings. Materials and Methods : Using computerized motion analysis technique, locomotions of the 10 cord-hemisected Sprague-Dawley rats on the treadmill were graphically analyzed. Patterns of foot trajectories were plotted on two dimensions before and after unilateral spinal cord hemisecion at T7 level. Result : Immediately following dorsal hemisection, patterns of foot trajectories altered dramatically. Walking speed, stride length and height of hindfoot movements were markedly reduced. Coordination of left and right hindlimb was also disrupted. Although the lesions were unilateral, locomotor behavior was distrubed bilaterally. However, by six weeks, stride length and coordination of hindlimbs returned to near normal but vertical movement of the hindlimb recovered very little. Forelimb-hindlimb coordination was also initially disrupted but partially returned within three weeks. Conclusion : Computerized motion analysis is a sensitive technique for the detection of minor motor deficits following nerve injuries.

On the (Non-)Movement of WHY: A Reply to Miyagawa (2017)

Yong-Ha Kim 현대문법학회 2021 현대문법연구 Vol.109 No.-

Yong-Ha Kim. 2021. On the (Non-)Movement of WHY: A Reply to Miyagawa(2017). Studies in Modern Grammar 109, 1-17. In this paper, we try to showthat Miyagawa’s (2017) analysis is only partially on the right track. We believethat Miyagawa’s (2017) observation that WHY can be externally merged underTP is not completely wrong. The difference of our position from Miyagawa’slies in our proposal that WHY be externally merged as a CP-modifier (Ko 2005)or as a VP-modifier (Tsai 2008). We will see that there are two types of WHYin Korean, and we will also encounter novel data concerning wh-less whquestions.Defending Ko’s (2005) CP-modifier hypothesis, we make a criticismof Miyagawa’s (2017) approach, and then try to come up with a (very tentative)alternative account which can explain the counterexamples to Ko’s CMH.

한국어 높임법과 생성문법 :김재은ㆍ정인기(2015)에 대한 응답

김용하(Yong Ha Kim) 현대문법학회 2017 현대문법연구 Vol.92 No.-

Y.-H. Kim (2007) has presented an analysis of the alternation among Korean dative/locative case particles within the framework of the minimalist program. The gist of his analysis lies in his claim that the alternation among the case particles is influenced by their associated nouns’ animacy, a kind of gender according to his claim, and that their alternation is determined by agreement in the sense of the minimalist program. Recently, Kim and Chung (2015) have come up with an analysis of the honorific system of Korean from a totally different point of view. They treat kkey ‘to(honorific)’ as a realization of the honorific feature [+hon] whether the associated noun is assigned nominative or dative. They also make criticism of Y.-H. Kim’s (2007) analysis while claiming that agreement is not an operation in narrow syntax but one caused by feature sharing at the PF component as discussed by Bobaljik (2008). In this paper, we will take a critical look at Kim and Chung’s (2015) analysis and make a point of its flaws, and then try to present some solutions to Y.-H. Kim’s (2007) real problems.

Progastrin-releasing peptide as a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker of small cell lung cancer

오형주,( Ha Young Park ),( Tae Ok Kim1 ),( Chul Kyu Park ),( Hong Jun Shin ),( Hee Jung Ban ),( In Jae Oh ),( Yong Soo Kwon ),( Yu Il Kim ),( Sung Chul Lim ),( Young Chul Kim ),( Soo Hyun Kim ),( Myung G 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2015 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.120 No.-

Background: Progastrin-releasing peptide (proGRP) is a recently identified biomarker of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). We aimed this study for evaluating the usefulness of automated proGRP measurement for diagnosis and treatment monitoring in patients with SCLC. Methods: From January 2011 to December 2013, plasma samples were prospectively collected from 452 [213 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 104 SCLC, 135 other diseases] patients visited for tissue diagnosis and tested by two-step automated immunoassay using the ARCHITECT proGRP assay kit (Abbott Diagnostics, USA). The cutoff level of proGRP was set at 63 pg/mL. Results: The mean proGRP was higher in SCLC (1823.0 ± 2684.0 pg/mL) than in NSCLC (61.0 ± 341.7 pg/mL) and other diseases (51.5 ± 222.6 pg/mL, p<0.001). The sensitivity of proGRP was 85.7% (90/105) in SCLC and 11.8% (25/212) in NSCLC. The specificity was 90.2%, positive predictive value was 72.5%, and negative predictive value was 95.4% in SCLC. The mean proGRP was higher in extensive disease (2158.1 ± 2980.6 pg/mL) than in limited disease (901.4 ± 1216.0 pg/mL, p=0.033). Among the 39 patients with SCLC could be followed, the mean proGRP levels of 23 responders were significantly decreased after chemotherapy (from 1651.5 ± 1386.4 pg/mL to 290.0 ± 524.8 pg/mL, p<0.001), whereas those of the 16 non-responders were not. (from 572.5 ± 790.3 pg/mL to 494.4 ± 610.9 pg/mL, p=0.583). Conclusion: Plasma proGRP could be a useful biomarker of SCLC for diagnosis and treatment monitoring. And the initial level may represent the tumor extent of SCLC.