전기경련치료(ECT)시 뇌파의 비선형 분석 : 단일증례 연구 A Single Case Study

강웅구,이운철,정선주,윤세창,조맹제,이상훈,김용식 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.5

연구목적 : 비선형 분석을 통해 전기경련 치료(ECT)의 적절성 및 효과를 판정할 수 있는 새로운 변인을 추출해 낼 가능성을 탐색하기 위하여 한 여성 우울증 환자에서 ECT중 기록한 뇌파의 단일증례 분석을 하였다. 방 법 : 1주일 간격을 둔 두 ECT 회기에서 치료전 안정상태, 마취후-경련전상태, 경련상태, 경련후 뇌파억제상태, 치료후 안정상태의 다섯 상태에 따른 뇌파를 디지털 기록한 데이터를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 분석의 결과 1) 뇌파가 10차원 이하 저차원의 결정론적 성질을 가지고있으며 2) 뇌파는 비정상적(non-stationary)이지만 비선형 지수들이 각 상태 뇌파를 안정적으로 구분해 줄 수 있고 3) ECT 회기의 진행에 따라 경련중 뇌파의 결정론적 성질이 증가하며 4) ECT 회기의 진행에 따라 치료전후 안정상태 뇌파의 최대발산지수(PLE) 및 상관차원이 증가한다는 사실을 관찰할 수 있었다. 결 론 : 단일증례에 대한 다양한 비선형 분석의 결과는 ECT의 치료효과를 정량화할 수 있는 변인으로서 PLE, 상관차원 등 비선형 변수들이 사용될 수 있을 가능성을 제시한다. Objectives : In order to search for new parameters for the evaluation of the adequacy of electroconvulsive therapy(ECT), the authors performed a non-linear analysis of electroencephalogram(EEG) recorded during the course of electroconvulsive therapy(ECT) in a single female patient with depression. Methods : Digitized EEG recordings from two ECT sessions spaced one week were analyzed at five different stages ; pretreatment stable, postanesthetic-preictal, ictal, postical suppression and posttreatment stable stages. Results : Our analysis showed that 1) EEG signals had low dimensional(below 10 dimensions) deterministic characteristics 2) although EEG was nonstationary signal, non-linear parameters could reliably differentiate between various stages we examined. 3) the deterministic property of ictal EEG increased according to the progression of sessions and 4) the primary Lyapunov exponent(PLE) and correlation dimension of pre- and post-treatment stable stage EEG increased according to the progression of sessions. Conclusion : In this single case study, results of various non-linear analyses suggested that non-linear variables extracted from EEG recordings during ECT may have utilities as tools for the quantitative evaluation of ECT.

레이저 가공에서 빔변수가 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

강경구,방세윤,윤경구,황경현,이성국 동국대학교 산업기술연구원 1997 산업기술논문집 Vol.9 No.-

레이저 가공시 조사되는 레이저 빔의 특성을 나타내는 변수 - 예를 들면, 빔의 형상, 초점면과 소재사이의 거리, 빔 강도 분포, 빔의 발산각, 실제 빔이 퍼져가는 양상이 이상적인 Gaussian 빔에 비해 얼마나 큰지를 나타내는 beam quality factor 등 - 이 가공결과에 큰 영향을 미치는 것은 경험적으로 잘 알려져 있다. 특히 원적외선 레이저로 천공, 에칭 또는 엑사이머 레이저로 ablation 가공을 수행할 때는 이러한 빔특성 변수의 영향이 극대화된다. 본 연구에서는 중요한 빔특성 변수의 영향을 가능한 독립시켜 정성적 및 정량적으로 파악하기 위해 연속발진 모드의 레이저빔 사용시 열전도에 의한 손실을 고려하였으며, 문제를 단순화해 빔 또는 가공소재의 상대적인 움직임이 없는 천공 (또는 에칭제거)의 경우에 대하여, 수치모사를 통해 여러 가지 빔 변수의 변화가 가공결과에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 레이저 빔의 초점의 위치를 표면에서 멀리하면 가공깊이는 감소하게 되며, 같은 간격일 때는 소재의 내부에 위치시키는 것이 다소 유리하다. 또한 빔의 발산각이 작고, beam quality factor 값이 1에 가까울수록 깊은 가공을 얻을 수 있음을 파악하였다. In laser machining such as drilling with CO_2 or Nd:YAG laser, and etching or ablation with Excimer laser, one of the most important parameters affecting the machining results is known to be beam characteristics. In this paper a study is performed through a numerical simulation with the appropriate model to investigate the effects of beam parameters qualitatively and quantitatively, especially in the process of laser drilling of ceramics and ceramic composites. Results of different beam conditions reveal that the machined hole becomes deeper as (ⅰ) the beam divergence gets smaller,(ⅱ) beam quality factor approaches unity, and (ⅲ) beam focus lies nearer to the surface of the workpiece.

국가직업능력표준 실용화를 위한 제도화 방안

나승일,김주섭,김주일,정연앙,구자길,김강호,문세연 한국농업교육학회 2007 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.39 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 일-교육훈련-자격이 연계될 수 있도록 노동부의 국가직업능력표준을 국가차원에서 개발·운영·관리될 수 있는 제도화 방안을 마련하는데 있었다. 연구목적 달성을 위해 문헌고찰 및 내용분석, 포커스그룹인터뷰를 실시하였고, 연구결과의 타당성 확보를 위해 전문가협의회 및 공청회를 실시하였다. 국가직업능력표준 제도화는 표준의 실용화를 제고할 수 있도록 관련용어 정의, 총괄기구, 표준개발 및 승인, 표준 활용에 관한 인프라 구축에 필요한 사항이 규정되도록 관계 법령을 정비하는 것이다. 표준 제도화를 위해 다음과 같은 사항이 관계 법령에 명시되도록 해야 한다. ① 표준 제도화를 위해 직업, 직업능력, 직무, 표준 등을 관련법에 정의해야 한다. ② 국가직업능력표준 관련 부처 및 다양한 이해당사자의 참여를 기반으로 한 국가직업능력표준 사업 전담 조직을 설치하고, 표준사업에 대한 자문과 심의를 담당할 수 있는 위원회를 구축한다. ③ 다양한 산업분야 단체가 표준개발의 주체가 될 수 있도록 지원하고, 표준의 수준 설정을 통해 직종 내 수직적 경력개발을 촉진하며, 개발된 표준에 대한 지속적인 관리와 현장적합성을 승인하는 체제를 구축해야 한다. ④ 국가직업능력표준은 산업현장에서는 인력을 채용하고 관리하는 기준으로, 교육훈련에서는 교육과정을 개발하고 교과목 및 교재를 개발하며 현 교육과정을 평가하는 기준으로, 자격체계와는 표준의 자격화, 새로운 자격설계, 자격의 출제기준으로 활용될 수 있도록 지원해야 한다. 이를 위해 국가기술자격법, 근로자직업능력개발법, 산업인력공단법 등 관계 법령을 개정하거나 국가직업능력표준에 관한 특별법을 제정할 필요가 있다. 한편, 국가직업능력표준 제도화 단계에 따른 구체적인 추진과제와 이를 실현하기 위한 정책적 제언을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study was to develop the institutionalization that NOS(National Occupational Standard) was developed, operated and managed for linking with work, training and qualification. To achieve the purpose, literature reviews, contents analysis and focus group interview were conducted, and experts council and a public hearing were executed. The institutionalization is the legislation consolidation to regulate details related infra construction as follows for improving utilization of NOS. ① It should be defined occupation, occupational competency, job, standards and so forth on the related laws. ② A organization which take exclusive charge with and a council which consult and deliberate on NOS projects should be established through the cooperation between stakeholder and government organization. ③ It should be supported that various industrial parties including SHRDC are the main body for development of NOS, promoted vertical career development by occupation through establishing level of NOS, and established system that manage continually and approve practical application of NOS. ④ It should be supported that NOS is used as a criterion for recruiting and managing workforce, a criterion for developing and evaluating curriculum and educational materials in training, having qualification for itself, designing for new qualification, and a criterion for setting questions for a qualifying examination. To improve utilization of NOS, It need to be consolidated the related laws including National Technical Qualifications Act and Workers' Vocational Competency Development Act or to be enacted a special law on NOS. Moreover, this study suggested action plan according to the stages of institutionalization, and political proposal for effective actualization of action plan.

Stem Fixation in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty: Indications, Stem Dimensions, and Fixation Methods

( Se Gu Kang ),( Cheol Hee Park ),( Sang Jun Song ) 대한슬관절학회 2018 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.30 No.3

Although stems improve initial mechanical stability in revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA), ideal indications, proper lengths and diameters, and appropriate fixation methods remain controversial. The topics of the present article include the indications, selection of lengths and diameters, and fixation methods of stems in revision TKA. The use of a stem in revision TKA can protect the juxta-articular bone. A stem cannot be a substitute for optimal component fixation; it plays an adjunctive role in transferring the loads from the compromised metaphysis to the stronger diaphysis. Proper bone surface preparation and appropriate use of the stem based on a great store of knowledge are required to support the stemmed components effectively in revision TKA. The balance between overshielding and overloading the juxta-articular bone would provide excellent structural protection. The stem length and diameter should be tailored according to patients’ anatomical characteristics and determined fixation strategy. There are two traditional methods of stem fixation including the total cementation technique and the hybrid technique with a cementless press-fit stem. Selection of a cementation technique should be based on thorough consideration of advantages and disadvantages of each technique.

Poster Session : PS 1601 ; Lung Cancer : A Case of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Neuroendocrine Differentiation

( Kang Mo Gu ),( Jong Wook Shin ),( Joo Young Lee ),( Jin Se Kim ),( Ju Young Jang ),( Jae Woo Jung ),( Jae Chol Choi ),( Jae Yeol Kim ),( In Won Park ),( Byung Whui Choi ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Introduction: Histologic type of lung cancer has important roles for determining treatment strategies and patients` prognosis. Immunohistochemistry may be used to verify neuroendocrine differentiation within tumor. Advanced non-small cell lung cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation is rare form of non-small cell lung cancer. In this report, we presents a case of advanced non-small cell lung cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation. Case: 64-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of dyspepsia and weight loss (56kg->45.6kg) for one year. Physical examination showed non-specifi c fi ndings. In laboratory fi nding, tumor marker was elevated (CEA 7.05U/ml, PIVKA II 501 mAUg/ ml). The fi ndings on abdominal imaging(Enhanced abdomen & pelvic CT and abdominal ultrasonography) showed multiple variable sized peripheral enhanced, hypervascular liver masses suggesting metastatic liver malignancy. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy showed no abnormal lesion in stomach, duodenum and colon. For fi nding primary origin, enhance chest CT was done and 46mm mass lesion was detected in left upper lung and mediastinal lymph node metastasis were also detected. PET-CT showed higher fi uorodeoxyglucose(FDG) uptake in left upper lung mass, liver masses and moderate uptake in left hilar lymph node, right ileum, right femur, left femur head. For pathologic confi rm, CT-guided lung biopsy was done, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation with a few positive for thyroid transcription factor-1(TTF-1), positive for CD56, negative for p63 was confi rmed. Clinical staging was Stage IV(T2aN2M1b). The patient received palliative chemotherapy with gemcitabine with carboplatin(fi rst line) and gefi tinib with nimotuzumab(second line).r

Control System of Metcalfa pruinosa in the Sesame Fields

Se-Gu Hwang,Ki-Su Ahn,Jong-Woo Han,Yu-Hui Kim,Sun-Hee Kang,Young-Ho Kim,Gil-Hah Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2019 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.04

For the setting of control timing, the number of overwintering eggs on host plants and population density of Metcalfa pruinosa nymphs and adults was surveyed in a sesame fields. According to a survey of the overwintering eggs density of M. pruinosa on host plants, they were many in the order of Mugunghwa trees, Oak trees, and Acacia trees. Examined sesame branches within the 50cm was not found population densities of M. pruinosa nymphs and adults, and it was also very low in the sticky trap. The peak density of the adult was highest at 0.13 per trap on 11 after being first investigated on July 3 in a string wrap survey, and then decreased. In a sesame fields, it is judged that the control of the M. pruinosa is due to be 35 days after the end of the insect hatching, and that distribution of host plants is more important in the outside region than inside region.

Thematic Poster : TP-61 ; A Case of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Neuroendocrine Differentiation

( Kang Mo Gu ),( Jong Wook Shin ),( Joo Young Lee ),( Jin Se Kim ),( Ju Young Jang ),( Jae Woo Jung ),( Jae Chol Choi ),( Jae Yeol Kim ),( In Won Park ),( Byung Whui Choi ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2014 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.118 No.-

Introduction: Histologic type of lung cancer has important roles for determining treatment strategies and patients’ prognosis. Immunohistochemistry may be used to verify neuroendocrine differentiation within tumor. Advanced non-small cell lung cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation is rare form of non-small cell lung cancer. In this report, we presents a case of advanced non-small cell lung cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation. Case: 64-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of dyspepsia and weight loss (56kg->45.6kg) for one year. Physical examination showed non-specific findings. In laboratory finding, tumor marker was elevated (CEA 7.05U/ml, PIVKA II 501 mAUg/ml). The findings on abdominal imaging(Enhanced abdomen & pelvic CT and abdominal ultrasonography) showed multiple variable sized peripheral enhanced, hypervascular liver masses suggesting metastatic liver malignancy. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy showed no abnormal lesion in stomach, duodenum and colon. For finding primary origin, enhance chest CT was done and 46mm mass lesion was detected in left upper lung and mediastinal lymph node metastasis were also detected. PET-CT showed higher fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG) uptake in left upper lung mass, liver masses and moderate uptake in left hilar lymph node, right ileum, right femur, left femur head. For pathologic confirm, CT-guided lung biopsy was done, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation with a few positive for thyroid transcription factor-1(TTF-1), positive for CD56, negative for p63 was confirmed. Clinical staging was Stage IV(T2aN2M1b). The patient received palliative chemotherapy with gemcitabine with carboplatin(first line) and gefitinib with nimotuzumab(second line).

Electroconvulsive Seizure Alters the Expression and Daily Oscillation of Circadian Genes in the Rat Frontal Cortex

Se Hyun Kim,Hong Geun Park,Seong Hoon Jeong,Ung Gu Kang,Yong Min Ahn,Yong Sik Kim 대한신경정신의학회 2018 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.15 No.7

Objective Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective treatment for mood disorders. Accumulating evidence has suggested the important role of circadian genes in mood disorders. However, the effects of ECT on circadian genes have not been systemically investigated. Methods We examined the expression and daily oscillation of major circadian genes in the rat frontal cortex after electroconvulsive seizure(ECS). Results Firstly, mRNA and protein level were investigated at 24 hr after single ECS (E1X) and repeated ECS treatements for 10 days(E10X), which showed more remarkable changes after E10X than E1X. mRNA expression of Rorα, Bmal1, Clock, Per1, and Cry1 was decreased, while Rev-erbα expression was increased at 24 hr after E10X compared to sham. The proteins showed similar pattern of changes. Next, the effects on oscillation and rhythm properties (mesor, amplitude, and acrophase) were examined, which also showed more prominent changes after E10X than E1X. After E10X, mesor of Rorα, Bmal1, and Cry1 was reduced, and that of Rev-erbα was increased. Five genes, Rev-erbα, Bmal1, Per1, Per2, and Cry2, showed earlier acrophase after E10X. Conclusion The findings suggest that repeated ECS induces reduced expression and phase advance of major circadian genes in the in vivo rat frontal cortex.

Simulation-Based Optimization on the System-of-Systems Model via Model Transformation and Genetic Algorithm: A Case Study of Network-Centric Warfare

Kang, Bong Gu,Choi, Seon Han,Kwon, Se Jung,Lee, Jun Hee,Kim, Tag Gon Hindawi Limited 2018 Complexity Vol.2018 No.-

<P>Simulation of a system-of-systems (SoS) model, which consists of a combat model and a network model, has been used to analyze the performance of network-centric warfare in detail. However, finding the combat model parameters satisfying the required combat power using simulation can take a long time for two reasons: (1) the prolonged execution time per simulation run and (2) the enormous number of simulation runs. This paper proposes a simulation-based optimization method for the SoS-based simulation model to overcome these problems. The method consists of two processes: (1) the transformation of the SoS-based model into an integrated model using the neural network to reduce the execution time and (2) the optimization of the integrated model using the genetic algorithm with ranking and selection to decrease the number of simulation runs. The experimental result reveals that the proposed method significantly reduced the time for finding the optimal combat parameters with an acceptable level of accuracy.</P>

B35 백서 신경모세포종 세포에서 KCI에 의한 탈분극이 일중 주기 관련 분자 CLOCK의 발현에 미치는 영향

전원제,김세현,서명숙,강웅구,김용식,안용민 大韓神經精神醫學會 2006 신경정신의학 Vol.45 No.1

Objectives : To investigate the effects of KCl on regulation of circadian gene CLOCK expression, we observed whether induction of CLOCK is influenced by KCl depolarization in B35 rat neuroblastoma cells Methods : B35 rat neuroblastoma cells were grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin-streptomycin in a 37℃ humidified incubator with 5% CO₂. Inhibitors including cycloheximide and actinomycin D were pretreated 1 hour before treatment with 50mM KCl. Immunoblotting with anti-CLOCK antibody was done. Results : CLCOK is induced by 50 mM KCl in B35 Rat Neuroblastoma cells, and a maximal induction in CLOCK level reached peak at 8 to 20 hours. The pretreatment of cycloheximide and actinomycin D prevented the induction of CLOCK by 50 mM KCl. Conclusion : We suggest that KCl depolarization may play critical roles in several aspects of the circadian gene CLOCK expression.