DACUM 기법에 의한 병원 임상영양사의 직무기술서 개발

차진아 ( Jin A Cha ),김강은 ( Kang Eun Kim ),김은미 ( Eun Mi Kim ),박미선 ( Mi Sun Park ),박유경 ( Yoo Kyoung Park ),백희준 ( Hee Joon Baek ),이송미 ( Song Mi Lee ),최수경 ( Soo Kyong Choi ),서정숙 ( Jung Sook Seo ) 대한영양사협회 2013 대한영양사협회 학술지 Vol.19 No.3

본 연구에서는 DACUM 기법을 통해 국내 병원 임상영양사의 직무를 조사 및 분석하고 그 결과를 바탕으로 도출된 임상영양사의 직무기술서를 평가함으로써 병원 임상영양사를 위한 직무기술서를 개발하고자 하였다. 2011년 7월초에 DACUM 워크숍을 통해 1차적으로 직무기술서를 도출하고 전문가 집단의 자문회의와 Delphi 조사 방법을 적용한 표적집단 면접을 통해 수정 및 보완 작업을 거쳐 직무기 술서를 도출하였다. DACUM 위원회의 패널로는 3차 의료기관에 종사하고 있는 현직 임상영양사 9인과 임상영양학을 전공하는 교수 4인, 직무분석을 담당하는 교수 1인 등 총 14명이 참여하였다. 전문가 자문단을 별도로 구성하였으며, 의사 1인, 간호사 1인, 임상영양분야 실무자 및 교수 5인이 포함된 전문가의 의견을 추가적으로 수렴하였다. 도출된 직무기술서는 2011년 7∼8월까지 전국 500병상 이상의 종합 병원 90개 중 설문조사에 응답한 46개 병원에서 각각 임상영양 실무책임자 1인으로부터 수집한 자료를 분석하여 현장 적합성을 평가하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 본 연구에서 DACUM 기법에 의해 처음 도출된 직무는 총 8개의 직무, 33개의 과업, 114개의 과업요소였으나 수정 보완작업을 거쳐 총 7개의 직무, 27개의 과업과 93개의 과업요소로 재분류되었다. 최종적으로 병원 임상영양사의 직무는 영양판정(A), 영양진단(B), 영양중재(C), 영양모니터링ㆍ평가(D), 자문ㆍ협력(E), 영양연구(F), 자기계발(G)로 도출되었다. 2. 각 직무영역별로 세부내용을 보면, (A) 영양판정은 A1. 영양 초기평가하기, A2. 식품영양관련 자료 수집·평가하기, A3. 의학적 자료 점검하기, A4. 신체계측 자료 수집·평가하기, A5. 신체증상 자료 점검하기, A6. 개인력 및 과거력 점검하기, A7. 영양 요구량 결정하기, A8. 영양판정 기록하기의 8개의 과업으로 구분하였다. (B) 영양진단은 B1. 영양진단 도출하기, B2. 우선순위 정하기, B3. 영양진단 기록하기로 나뉘었고, (C) 영양 중재는 C1. 영양중재 계획하기, C2. 영양처방 관리하기, C3. 영양상담하기, C4. 영양교육하기, C5. 영양집중지원하기, C6. 영양중재 기록하기로 구분 하였다. (D) 영양모니터링·평가는 4개의 과업으로 D1. 영양상태 모니터하기, D2. 영양중재과정 모니터하기, D3. 영양중재 결과 평가하기, D4. 영양모니터링·평가 기록하기로 구분하였다. (E) 자문·협력은 E1. 영양자문하기, E2. 협력관계 구축 및 유지하기로 (F) 영양연구는 F1. 질 향상 활동하기, F2. 연구 활동하기로 분류하였다. 마지막으로 (G) 자기계발은 G1. 전문성 향상, G2. 자기관리가 포함되었다. 3. 도출된 임상영양 직무기술서에 대한 평가를 위해 설문조사에 참여한 대상 병원의 유형은 상급종합 병원이 65.2%를 차지하였으며, 종합병원은 34.8%였다. 병원의 재원일수는 8.0±1.5일이었으며 병원 조직에서 영양부서는 6곳을 제외한 39개의 병원에서 진료부서 또는 진료지원부서에 속하였다. 또한 병원에서 영양부서가 단독으로 편제되어 있는 경우가 93%로 높은 비율을 보였다. 병원 임상 영양사의 성별은 여자가 100%로 나타났으며, 연령별 분포는 40∼49세가 가장 높은 비율을 보였다. 근무경력은 10년 이상인 경우가 50% 이상을 차지하였고 최종학력은 석사졸업이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 4. 전체 과업요소의 인지된 중요도를 비교하면 6개의 과업요소를 제외한 대부분의 과업요소들이 4.0점 이상이었고 총 7개 직무영역에 대한 중요도는 ‘영양중재’가 4.6±0.6점으로 가장 중요도가 높게 나타났으며, ‘영양진단’과 ‘영양모니터링·평가’의 직무가 4.5점 이상으로 비교적 높게 조사 되었다. 전체 과업요소 중 수행도가 4.5점 이상으로 매우 자주 수행되는 과업요소가 13개, 4.0점 이상의 자주 수행되는 과업도 29개의 과업요소로 나타났으며, 직무영역 중 ‘영양중재’가 4.2±1.0점으로 높게 나타났다. 직무영역별 난이도를 조사한 결과에서는 ‘영양연구’ 업무가 4.1±0.9점으로 가장 높게 조사되었다. ‘영양진단’과 ‘자문·협력’은 각각 3.8±1.0점, 3.7±0.9점으로 비교적 어렵게 인식되는 직무로 나타났다. 직무영역별 과업요소 전체의 중요도, 수행도, 난이도의 평균은 각각 4.5±0.8점, 3.7±1.3점, 3.5±1.0점으로 나타났으며 유의적인 차이가 나타났다(P<0.001). 5. 임상영양사 업무의 중요도와 수행도 사이의 관계를 나타낸 격자도 분석에서 영양 초기평가하기, 영양요구량 결정하기, 영양판정 기록하기, 영양진단 도출하기, 영양중재 계획하기, 영양처방 관리하기, 영양교육하기, 영양집중지원하기, 영양중재 기록하기, 영양상태 모니터하기, 영양중재 과정 모니터하기는 중요도와 수행도가 모두 높은 영역(doing great)에, 식품영양관련 자료수집·평가하기, 의학적 자료 점검하기, 신체계측 자료수집·평가하기, 신체증상 자료 점검하기, 개인력 및 과거력 자료 점검하기, 영양진단의 우선순위 정하기, 영양진단 기록하기, 영양상담하기, 영양 모니터링·평가 기록하기는 수행도는 높으나 중요도가 낮은 영역(overdone)에 속하였다. 중요도가 높으나 수행도가 낮은 영역(focus here)에는 협력관계 구축 및 유지하기, 질 향상 활동하기가 속하였고, 중요도와 수행도가 모두 낮은 영역(low priority)은 영양중재 평가하기, 영양 자문 활동하기, 연구 활동하기, 전문성 향상하기, 자기관리하기가 속하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 볼 때, 본 연구에서 DACUM 기법에 의해 개발된 병원 임상영양사의 직무기술서는 현장에서 임상영양서비스를 수행하는데 가이드라인으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 여겨지며, 인지된 중요도가 평균 이상으로 높지만 그에 비해 수행도가 미흡한 과업들에 대하여는 임상영양사에 대한 교육 실시, 업무 분담, 적정인원 배치 등 제도적인 뒷받침을 마련하여 수행도를 높일 수 있는 방안이 강구 되어야 할 것이다. 또한 질병별 맞춤형 임상영양 업무에 관한 후속연구를 통하여 보다 전문적인 환자 영양치료가 가능할 것으로 여겨진다. The present study was conducted to develop a standardized job description for clinical dietitians working in hospitals. A developing curriculum (DACUM) method was used for the job analysis of clinical dietitians. Based on DACUM analysis with 14 members, including clinical dietitians and professors majoring in clinical nutrition and job analysis, information on the duties, tasks, and task elements of clinical dietitians was determined. To verify the job descriptions derived from DACUM analysis, a total of 46 tertiary and general hospitals with over 500 beds were recruited for the survey. The final developed job description for clinical dietitians included 7 duties, 27 tasks, and 93 task elements. The duties consisted of nutritional assessment, nutrition diagnosis, nutrition intervention, nutrition monitoring·evaluation, consultation·cooperation, nutrition research, and self-development. The mean scores of perceived importance, performance, and difficulty on the clinical dietitian`s task elements (out of a maximum score of 5.0) were 4.5, 3.7, and 3.5, respectively, with significant differences between the items (P<0.001). The perceived importance and performance grid of clinical dietitian`s tasks showed that “construction and maintenance of collaboration” (E2) and “activity of quality improvement” (F1) received relatively low scores for performance despite their high importance scores; thus the performance of these tasks requires significant improvement. In conclusion, the job descriptions of clinical dietitians developed from this study are useful for the qualitative improvement of clinical nutrition services in hospitals.

Changes in plasma lipoxin A4, resolvins and CD59 levels after ischemic and traumatic brain injuries in rats

Jun-Sub Jung,A Ra Kho,Song Hee Lee,Bo Young Choi,Shin-Hae Kang,Jae-Young Koh,Sang Won Suh,Dong-Keun Song 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2020 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.24 No.2

Ischemic and traumatic brain injuries are the major acute central nervous system disorders that need to be adequately diagnosed and treated. To find biomarkers for these acute brain injuries, plasma levels of some specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs, i.e., lipoxin A4 [LXA4], resolvin [Rv] E1, RvE2, RvD1 and RvD2), CD59 and interleukin (IL)-6 were measured at 0, 6, 24, 72, and 168 h after global cerebral ischemic (GCI) and traumatic brain injuries (TBI) in rats. Plasma LXA4 levels tended to increase at 24 and 72 h after GCI. Plasma RvE1, RvE2, RvD1, and RvD2 levels showed a biphasic response to GCI; a significant decrease at 6 h with a return to the levels of the sham group at 24 h, and again a decrease at 72 h. Plasma CD59 levels increased at 6 and 24 h post-GCI, and returned to basal levels at 72 h post-GCI. For TBI, plasma LXA4 levels tended to decrease, while RvE1, RvE2, RvD1, and RvD2 showed barely significant changes. Plasma IL-6 levels were significantly increased after GCI and TBI, but with different time courses. These results show that plasma LXA4, RvE1, RvE2, RvD1, RvD2, and CD59 levels display differential responses to GCI and TBI, and need to be evaluated for their usefulness as biomarkers.

Clostridium difficile에 의한 설사의 예후인자

김준형,김희정,구남수,김영근,최준용,신소연,박윤선,김연아,김명수,정수진,최희경,송영구,이경원,김준명 대한감염학회 2007 감염과 화학요법 Vol.39 No.2

배경 : Clostridium difficile에 의한 설사(Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea; CDAD)는 임상 경과가 다양하다. 최근에 유럽과 북미에서 C. difficile 감염의 발생률이 증가하고 고전적 치료에 잘 반응하지 않으며 이환률이 증가하였고, 이러한 원인이 새로운 균주의 탄생에 기인한다고 보고되었다. CDAD의 예후에 영향을 미치는 세균성 요인과 숙주 요인을 확인하기 위해 본 연구를 진행하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2002년 8월부터 2003년 12월까지 CDAD가 진단된 20세 이상인 환자들을 대상으로 후향적 Cohort 연구를 하였다. 세균성 요인을 확인하기 위해 cdt A, cdtB, tcd A, tcd A rep 그리고 tcd B 유전자(binary toxin)를 확인하였다. 설사가 치료 시작 후 11일 이상 지속되거나, 2달 이내에 재발하거나, 수술 혹은 다른 시술이 필요한 경우, 사망한 경우 예후가 좋지 않은 것으로 정의하였다. 결과 : 총 115예에서 toxin을 생성하는 C. difficile가 동정되었으며, Toxin A와 toxin B 모두 양성인 균이 91예, toxin B만 양성인 균이 24예였다. Toxin A 생성 여부가 예후에 영향을 미치지 않았지만, 제산제를 사용한 환자에서 그렇지 않은 환자에 비해 toxin B만 양성인 균이 많이 동정되었다(P<0.05). 예후가 좋지 않은 경우는 39예(33.9%)였고 76예(66.1%)에서 예후는 양호하였다. 단변량 분석에서 70세 이상의 고령, 남성, 증상 발현 후 사용한 항생제의 개수 사용, 증상 발현 후 carbapenem, aminoglycoside, glycopeptide 사용, 당뇨 및 뇌졸중 병력이 있는 경우, 그리고 높은 Charlson index가 불량한 예후 인자로 확인되었다. 그러나 독립적인 예후 인자를 조사했을 때에는70세 이상의 고령(odds ratio=3.378, P=0.009), 증상 발현후 carbapenem 사용(odds ratio 7.210, P<0.001)이 예후에 중요한 영향을 미치는 요소로 확인되었다. 결론 : 70세 이상의 고령과 증상 발현 후 carbapenem 사용이 CDAD 독립적인 불량한 예후인자이다. Background : Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) has a wide range of clinical manifestations. The prognostic factors of CDAD are not fully understood. Materialsand Methods : A retrospective cohort study of 115 patients with CDAD from Aug. 2002 to Dec. 2003 was conducted to evaluate prognostic factors of CDAD. Bacteriologic factors were determined by detecting the binary toxin gene, tcd A, tcd A rep and tcd B gene. Poor prognosis was defined as diarrhea more than 10 days even with classic treatment, recurrence, death, and moribund discharge. Results : Approximately 79% of isolated strains were toxin A+/B+ strains and 21% were toxin A-/B+ strains. There was no difference in prognosis between toxin A+ and toxin A- strains. 39 (33.9%) cases showed poor prognosis and 76 (66.1%) cases showed good prognosis. Univariate analyses revealed that the poor prognostic factors were old age over 70 years old, male, the number of antibiotics used after onset of symptom, the administration of carbapenems, aminoglycosides, glycopeptides after onset of symptom, history of DM and stroke, and high Charlson comorbidity index. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified old age over 70 years old (odds ratio=3.378, P=0.009) and the administration of carbapenems after onset of symptom (odds ratio 7.210, P<0.001) as the independent poor prognostic factors. Conclusion : Old age over 70 and the administration of carbapenems after onset of symptom were the poor prognostic factors for CDAD caused by none-binary toxin producing strains.

Intestinal Nematodes from Small Mammals Captured near the Demilitarized Zone, Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea

Deok-Gyu Kim,Jae-Hwan Park,Jae-Lip Kim,Bong-Kwang Jung,Sarah Jiyoun Jeon,Hyemi Lim,Mi Youn Lee,Eun-Hee Shin,Terry A. Klein,Heung-Chul Kim,Sung-Tae Chong,Jin-Won Song,Luck-Ju Baek,Jong-Yil Chai 대한기생충학열대의학회 2015 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.53 No.1

A total of 1,708 small mammals (1,617 rodents and 91 soricomorphs), including Apodemus agrarius (n = 1,400), Microtus fortis (167), Crocidura lasiura (91), Mus musculus (32), Myodes (= Eothenomys) regulus (9), Micromys minutus (6), and Tscherskia (= Cricetulus) triton (3), were live-trapped at US/Republic of Korea (ROK) military training sites near the demilitarized zone (DMZ) of Paju, Pocheon, and Yeoncheon, Gyeonggi Province from December 2004 to December 2009. Small mammals were examined for their intestinal nematodes by necropsy. A total of 1,617 rodents (100%) and 91 (100%) soricomorphs were infected with at least 1 nematode species, including Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, Syphacia obvelata, Heterakis spumosa, Protospirura muris, Capillaria spp., Trichuris muris, Rictularia affinis, and an unidentified species. N. brasiliensis was the most common species infecting small mammals (1,060; 62.1%) followed by H. polygyrus (617; 36.1%), S. obvelata (370; 21.7%), H. spumosa (314; 18.4%), P. muris (123; 7.2%), and Capillaria spp. (59; 3.5%). Low infection rates (0.1-0.8%) were observed for T. muris, R. affinis, and an unidentified species. The number of recovered worms was highest for N. brasiliensis (21,623 worms; mean 20.4 worms/infected specimen) followed by S. obvelata (9,235; 25.0 worms), H. polygyrus (4,122; 6.7 worms), and H. spumosa (1,160; 3.7 worms). A. agrarius demonstrated the highest prevalence for N. brasiliensis (70.9%), followed by M. minutus (50.0%), T. triton (33.3%), M. fortis (28.1%), M. musculus (15.6%), C. lasiura (13.2%), and M. regulus (0%). This is the first report of nematode infections in small mammals captured near the DMZ in ROK.

유용성 도료와 수용성 도료의 유해성 비교에 관한 연구 : 자동차 보수용 도료를 중심으로

권은혜,김광식,오정룡,최정근,정윤석,이유진,김은아,송세욱,정호근 한국산업위생학회 2001 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.11 No.1

The purpose of this study is to substitute water-based painting materials for the current solvent-based ones used in motor-repairing process to minimize the exposure of organic solvents to the painters. This study assessed the exposure of organic solvents to the painters using water-based and solvent-based painting materials and compared compositions, painting processes and the health hazards of the application of these alternative painting materials. The results of this study are as follows. 1. solvent-based painting materials used in motor-repairing process consist of various organic solvents, which consist primarily of toluene, xylene, ethyl benzene, ethyl methyl bezene, trimethyl bezene, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl isobutyl ketone, 2-ethoxy ethanol, 2-ethoxy ethyl acetate and toluene-2.4-diisocianate and the others. These organic solvents are know as health-hazardous substances. But water-based painting materials are high-solid, low-solvent ones and consist of such two organic solvents as 2-butoxy ethanol and 2-heptanone and the others. 2. The painters using solvent-based painting materials in motor-repairing process are exposed to various organic acetate, methyl isobutyl ketone, trimethyl benzene, 2-ethoxy ethanol, and 2-ethoxy ethyl acetate. But the painters using solvent-based ones are only exposed to 2-butoxy ethanol and 2-heptanone. 3. By using water-based painting materials in stead of solvent-based painting materials containing health-hazardous organic solvents, the exposure of such organic solvents in the painter's breathing zone can be largely prevented. 4. This study recommends water-based painting materials as substitutes for the current solvent-based ones used in motor-repairing process to minimize the exposure of organic solvents to the painters.

Expression and purification of biologically active human FGF2 containing the b'a' domains of human PDI in Escherichia coli.

Song, Jung-A,Koo, Bon-Kyung,Chong, Seon Ha,Kwak, Jihye,Ryu, Han-Bong,Nguyen, Minh Tan,Vu, Thu Trang Thi,Jeong, Boram,Kim, Seong Who,Choe, Han Humana Press 2013 Applied biochemistry and biotechnology Vol.170 No.1

<P>Among the members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family that affect the growth, differentiation, migration, and survival of many cell types, FGF2 is the most abundant in the central nervous system. Because of its wound healing effects, FGF2 has potential as a therapeutic agent. The protein is also added to the culture media to maintain stem cells. Expression and purification procedures for FGF2 that are highly efficient and low cost have been intensively investigated for the past two decades. Our current study focuses on the purification of FGF2 fused with b'a' domains of human protein disulfide isomerase to elevate overexpression, solubility, and stability with a simplified experimental procedure using only ion exchange chromatography, as well as on the confirmation of the biological activity of FGF2 on fibroblast Balb/c 3T3 cells and hippocampal neural cells.</P>

Echinostome Infections in the Striped-Field Mouse, Apodemus agrarius, and the Ussuri White-Toothed Shrew, Crocidura lasiura, Caught Near the Demilitarized Zone, Gyeonggi-do (Province), Republic of Korea

Jong-Yil Chai,Jae-Hwan Park,Bong-Kwang Jung,Sang-Mee Guk,Jae-Lip Kim,Eun-Hee Shin,Terry A. Klein,Heung-Chul Kim,Sung-Tae Chong,Luck Ju Baek,Jin-Won Song 대한기생충학열대의학회 2009 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.47 No.3

A total of 1,498 small mammals (rodents and insectivores), including Apodemus agrarius (n = 1,366), Crocidura lasiura (54), Mus musculus (32), Micronytus fortis (28), Eothenomys regulus (9), Micronys minutes (6), and Cricetulus triton (3), were live-trapped in Gyeonggi-do (Province) (Paju-si, Pocheon-gun, and Yeoncheon-gun) near the demilitarized zone (DMZ) from December 2004 to September 2005. A. agrarius was found to be infected with 3 species of echinostomes (Echinostoma hortense, Echinostoma cinetorchis, and Euparyphium murinum), while C. lasiura was infected with 1 species (Echinochasmus japonicas) of echinostome. Other mammals were free from echinostome infections. Total 16 E. hortense were detected in 7 (0.5%) mice, 9 E. cinetorchis from 5 (0.4%), and 3 E. murinum from 2 (0.1%) out of 1.366 A. agrarius examined. E. japonicus was found only in 1 (1.9%; total 3 specimens) C. lasiura. These results demonstrate that A. agrarius and C. lasiura, inhabiting near the DMZ of Gyeonggi-do serve as the natural definitive hosts for several species of echinostomes, although their infection rates are low. This is the first record of natural infections of A. agrarius with E. cinetorchis and C. lasiura with E. japonicus in the Republic of Korea.

Composition and Content of Soyasaponins and Their Interaction with Chemical Components in Different Seed-Size Soybeans

Sun-Lim Kim,Mark A. Berhow,Jung-Tae Kim,Ill-Min Chung,Hee-Youn Chi,Jin Song,Nam-Kyu Park,Jong-Rok Son 韓國作物學會 2006 Korean journal of crop science Vol.51 No.4

Soyasaponins A1 , DDMP-conjugated group B soyasaponins αg~;and~;βg , non-DDMP counterpart soyasaponin I, II+III, and DDMP moiety were quantified in the large-, midium-, and small-seed soybean varieties. Protein contents were ranged from 38.1% to 41.8%, and oil contents were ranged from 15.5% to 18.9%, respectively. Oil contents in the large-seed varieties were significantly higher than those of medium- and small-seed varieties. Among detected soyasaponin peaks, βg was a major soyasaponin in DDMP-conjugated group B soyasaponins followed by soyasaponin I, DDMP moiety and A1 . Soyasaponin concentration among different seed size soybean varieties. The soyasaponin concentration of mediumseed (4014.5~mug/g ) was slightly higher than those of largeseed (3755.0~mug/g ) and small-seed varieties (3620.3~mug/g ), however, the differences was statistically not significant. The composition rates of soyasaponins in the large-size seeds were 9.4% of soyasaponin A1 , 26.5% of DDMP-conjugated soyasaponins, 49.9% of non-DDMP counterpart soyasaponins, and 14.2% of DDMP moiety, respectively. Similar results were observed in the composition ratios of middle- and small-size seeds. Oil content and C:N ratio showed the significant positive correlations with total soyasaponin concentration, while the 100-seed weight, fiber, and ash contents showed the negative correlations with total soyasaponin but statistically not significant. It was noted that protein contents didn't have any relationship with group A, group B, DDMP moiety, and total soyasaponin. This fact suggested that protein contents are not affects the variation of soyasaponin concentration.

능이버섯 첨가가 우육의 물리화학적 및 관능적 특성에 미치는 영향

이승아(Seung-A Lee),송영선(Young-Sun Song),조정원(Jung-Won Cho),이종호(Jong-Ho Lee),조재선(Jae-Sun Cho) 한국식품영양과학회 2001 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.30 No.2

단백질 가수분해 효소가 함유되어 있는 능이버섯이 우육의 연화, 보수력 및 품질특성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 능이버섯 첨가량을 달리하여 조직학적 관찰, 수분함량, texture, 색도의 기계적인 측정과 관능적인 특성을 키위, 배를 첨가한 것과 비교하여 품질평가를 하였다. 투과전자현미경에 의한 미세구조 관찰 결과, 능이버섯(1,000 unit)을 25℃에서 10분간 처리했을 때 근원섬유 단백질이 분해되기 시작하였으며, 60분간 처리시 근절, a-band, Z-line 등을 전혀 구분할 수 없을 정도로 근원섬유의 분해현상이 현저하였다. 연육효과가 있는 능이버섯, 키위, 배를 우육에 첨가하였을 때 각 처리군의 수분함량은 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. Texture는 첨가량이 증가할수록 shear force는 감소하였으며 배를 첨가하는 것보다는 키위나 능이버섯을 첨가하는 것이 더 부드러운 조직감을 나타내었다. 색도에 있어서 L값은 능이버섯의 첨가량이 많아질수록 감소하였으나, 키위와 배의 첨가량이 많아질수록 증가하였으며 a값과 b값은 능이버섯, 배, 키위의 첨가량이 많아질수록 감소하였다. 관능검사 결과에서는 항목별로 유의적인 차이를 나타냈는데, 맛과 향미는 대조군을, 색은 배 10% 첨가군을 가장 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 다즙성은 키위 25% 첨가군이 가장 좋았고 능이버섯, 키위, 배의 첨가량이 많아질수록 증가하였다. 연화도는 능이버섯과 키위 첨가군이 배 첨가군에 비해 높았다. 기호도에서는 대조군, 능이버섯 0.05%, 0.1% 첨가군, 배 10% 첨가군이 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 보다 부드러운 조직감과 다즙성을 고려하면 능이버섯 0.05~0.1% 정도의 첨가가 바람직한 것으로 보인다. An instrumental analysis of cooked beef was carried out along with sensory evaluation to find out the effect of Sarcodon aspratus on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics in comparision with kiwi fruit and pear. Transmission electron microscopy showed the muscle fiber started to be degraded when treated with Sarcodon aspratus (1,000 unit) for 10 min at 25℃. No distinct sarcomere, A-band, and Z-line was observed when treated with Sarcodon aspratus for 60 min at same condition. The moisture content of cooked beef was increased in proportion to the increment of Sarcodon aspratus, kiwi fruit and pear. In the texture, shear force of cooked beef was decreased with the increment of Sarcodon aspratus, kiwi fruit and pear. In terms of color, L-value was decreased by addition of Sarcodon aspratus, whereas L-value was increased by addition of kiwi fruit and pear in dose-dependent manners. a-value and b-value was decreased with the increment of Sarcodon aspratus, kiwi fruit and pear. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in the sensory characteristics of the samples in which control was most preferred in taste and flavor. As the content of Sarcodon aspratus, kiwi fruit and pear was increased, the score of juiciness and tenderness was increased. In the overall acceptance, score of 0.05~0.1% Sarcodon aspratus and 10% pear was not different from that of control. Therefore, it can be concluded that 0.05~0.1% addition of Sarcodon aspratus might be desirable for the improvement of texture and juiciness of cooked beef.

인체혈장 중 에탐부톨의 HPLC 분석법의 검증 및 단일용량 투여에 의한 약물동태 연구

곽혜선,박경호,최준식,송진아,성민경,장정옥,이화정 한국약제학회 2005 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.35 No.2

An HPLC method was employed for the determination of ethambutol in human plasma. After addition of internal standard (IS, octylamine, 2 μg/mL) and alkalinization of the plasma with 5 M sodium hydroxide, the drug and IS were extracted into the mixture of chloroform and diethyl ether (40:60, v/v). Following a 15-min vortex-mixing and a 10-min centrifugation, the organic phase was spiked with 100 pL of phenylethylisocyanate (2000 μg/mL) for chemical derivatization, mixed for 5 min and evaporated to dryness under a stream of nitrogen. The residue was reconstituted with 100 μL of mobile phase and 20 pL was injected into Cl8 column with a mobile phase consisting of methanol:water (70:30, v/v). The samples were detected utilizing an ultraviolet detector at 200 nm. The method was specific and validated with a limit of 0.15 μg/mL. Infra- and inter-day precision and accuracy were acceptable for all quality control samples including the lower limit of quantification. The applicability of this method was demonstrated by analysis of human plasma after oral administration of a single 1200-mg dose to 20 healthy subjects. From the plasma ethambutol concentration vs. time curves, the mean AUC was 9.61 ± 1.64 μg hr/mL. and Cmax of 2.68 μg/mL reached 2.73 hr after administration. The mean biological half-life of ethambutol was 3.46 ± 1.21 hr. Based on the results, this simple and validated assay could readily be used in any pharmacokinetic studies using humans.