인천지역 TDI 노출 작업자에서 직업성천식 유병율

김형렬,김철우,홍윤철,전형준,김치년,김현수,이지나,신주연,고동희,노재훈 大韓産業醫學會 2004 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.16 No.2

목적 : TDI는 직업성천식을 일으키는 대표적인 물질로 알려져 있다. 과거 TDI에 노출된 작업자들의 천식 발생률을 5~6%가량 보고하였고, 국내에서도 2-20%에 이르는 유병율을 보고한바 있다. 작업환경이 많이 개선되고, 노출량이 감소된 최근에도 TDI에 의한 직업성천식에 대한 보고가 많이 이루어지고 있어, 이에 대한 적극적인 조사와 진단과정을 통해 유병율을 구하고 질병발생의 변화양상을 파악해 보고자 하였다. 방법 : 인천지역에서 특수건강진단을 수행하는 2개 기관의 TDI 노출 근로자 400여명 중, 사업장의 규모가 50인 이상이며 사업주가 연구진행을 허락한 사업장에서 근무하는 근로자 중 직접적으로 TDI에 노출되는 작업에 종사하는 근로자 170명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 이들에 대해 설문지와 산업의학의사의 면담을 통한 작업관련성 평가를 근거로 정밀대상자를 선정하고 이들에 대해 메타콜린 유발시험, TDI 유발시험 등을 수행하여 직업성천식을 확인하였다. 결과 : 설문조사 결과 11명이 직업과 관련하여 천식증상을 보이는 것으로 나타났고(6.9%), 이중 7명에서 메타콜린 유발검사 양성소견을 보였다. TDI에 의한 특이유발시험 결과 1명에서 양성반응이 나타나, 이 집단에서 TDI에 의한 직업성천식의 유병율은 0.58%였다. 결론 : 과거 국내연구에서 TDI에 의한 직업성천식의 유병율이 2~20%에 이르렀던 데 비해, 본 연구에서는 0.58%로 나타났다. 이는 국외 논문에서도 나타나는 경향으로 작업장 노출량 감소로 점차 발생률이 감소하는 양상을 보이고 있다. 그러나 이미 증상이 나타난 근로자들이 부서를 옮기거나, 직장을 그만둠으로 인해 그 유병율이 과소평가되었을 가능성도 있다고 판단된다. Objecdives: This study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of isocyanate-induced occupational asthma in toluene diisocyanate (TDI) exposed workers. Methods: We examined 170 workers who had been directly exposed to TDI through a medical questionnaire, physical examination, and pulmonary function test. Based on screening examination, workers with suspected occupational asthma were selected for further evaluation such as methacholine and TDI challenge tests. Results: Eleven (6.9%) among 170 workers complained of symptoms of occupational asthma. and 7 among these 11 symptomatic workers showed positive responses to the methacholine challenge test (4.1 %). One spray painter was confirmed as having the TDI induced occupational asthma following a positive response to TDI challenge test. Conclusions: The prevalence of TDI-induced asthma was at 0.58% was lower than that for former studies (2-20%). Improved workplace environment, lower level of TDI exposure compared to the past, and the healthy workers effect may have contributed to this low rate of asthma prevalence in workers with TDI exposure.

결합된 수비지표들을 이용한 한국 프로야구의 실점 설명

김혁주,김예형,Kim, Hyuk Joo,Kim, Yea Hyoung 한국통계학회 2015 응용통계연구 Vol.28 No.5

한국 프로야구에서 팀들의 실점을 설명하기 위한 지표를 연구하였다. Kim과 Kim (2014)이 팀들의 득점력을 설명하기 위한 공격지표를 연구한 것과 유사하게 본 논문에서는 팀들의 실점을 설명하기 위한 수비지표를 연구하였다. 여러 가지의 수비지표 중 팀의 실점과 관련이 큰 것들을 결합하여 만든 몇 가지의 결합지표들을 고려하였다. 프로야구 원년인 1982년부터 2014년까지의 정규리그 전 경기 자료를 분석한 결과 WHIP와 경기당피홈런의 가중평균으로 정의되는 가중WPH가 실점을 가장 잘 설명해줬다. 구체적으로 WHIP에 81%, 경기당피홈런에 19%의 가중값을 주는 가중WPH가 팀의 평균실점과 0.95033의 상관계수를 갖는 최적의 가중WPH인 것으로 나타났다. 시대별 분석에서도 크게 다르지 않은 결과를 얻었다. We studied indices to explain runs lost for Korean professional baseball teams. Kim and Kim (2014) studied batting indices to explain run productivity of teams; subsequently, we studied fielding indices to explain runs lost. We considered several combined indices made by combining fielding indices closely connected with the runs lost of teams. Data analysis from all games in the regular seasons of 1982~2014 show that weighted WPH (defined as weighted average of WHIP and number of home runs allowed per game) best explain runs lost. Weighted WPH consisting of WHIP (with weight 81%) and number of home runs allowed per game (with weight 19%) was found optimal weighted WPH having correlation coefficient 0.95033 with average runs lost per game. Analysis by chronological periods gave results not much different.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

한국인 배자 및 태아에서 유치 발생의 조직학적 변화

김희진,임희식,최병재,오현주,박형우 大韓小兒齒科學會 1998 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.25 No.2

Tooth development is usually described in four stages such as bud stage, cap stage, bell stage and crown stage. Exact time of appearance of tooth primordia is different among reports, and up to now there is no timetable regarding initial tooth development. To understand the congenital malformations and other disorders of the orofacial region, there is need to establish a standard timetable of early tooth development. Till now, studies on the tooth development were mainly on later fetuses, and only few reports on early stage. Also, there were no reports on the time when bud stage turns to cap stage, and cap stage to bell stage. In this study, external morphology of face and the early development of the tooth, and transition of bud stage to cap stage, cap stage to bell stage were studied using 27 staged human embryos and 9 serially sectioned human fetuses. the results are as follows : 1. Mandibular region was formed by union of both mandibular arch at stage 15, and maxillary region by union of maxillary arch, medial nasal prominence, and intermaxillary segment at stage 19. 2. Ectodermal thickening which represents the primordia of tooth appeared in mandibular region at stage 13, and maxillary region at stage 15. 3. Bud stage began from mandibular primary central incisor at stage 17, and maxillary primary central incisor at stage 18. And the sequence of appearance was in the mandibular primary lateral incisor at stage 19, maxillary primary lateral incisor at stage 20, mandibular primary canine at stage 22, maxillary primary canine and primary first molar at stage 23, madibular primary first molar and maxillary primary second molar at 9th week, and mandibular primary second molar at 10th week of development. 4. cap stage began from the primary anterior teeth at 9th week, and primary second molar still had the characteristics of cap stage at 12th week of development. 5. Transition to bell stage started from the primary anterior teeth at 12th week, and primary second molar started at 16th week of development. 6. Trnasition to crown stage started from primary anterior teeth at 16th week, and primary second molar at 26th week of development.

Polyester 신합섬 직물의 농색염색 및 대전방지가공에 관한 연구 (Ⅰ)

김동권,이주형,이난형,김삼수,조환 영남대학교 지역발전연구소 1996 새마을지역개발연구 Vol.18 No.-

The Dyeing processing, which can be a low-cost and easily application to production field was investigated by using some bathochromic agent and dyestuffs. The Δ L values and dye up-takes of threated several fabrics were investigated according to the dye concentration and pH of dyebath. The results were as follows : 1. The selection of bathochromic agent acts as important factor for improvment of bathochromic property of fabrics. 2. The pH of dyebath has a little effect on bathochromic effect. 3. In case of one bath treatment, the bathochromic agent has little effect on the improving bathochromic property of treated fabric. 4. The efficiency order of bathochromic effect is DTY + fila.> CVY > DTY and fabric structure is also effect on the bathochromic property of the polyester fabric.

羅佛川 汚染에 關한 調査硏究(Ⅱ)

徐珠洙,金炯甲 진주산업대학교 1983 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

西晋州 地域에 位置하여 南江으로 흘러 들어가는 羅佛川의 季節別 水質汚染度의 變化를 調査하기 위하여 1983年 4月부터 12月까지 羅佛川의 세 지점에서 氣溫, 水溫, pH, DO, BOD, COD, 硬度, n­Hexane抽出物 SS등을 分析한 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. pH는 各 地點이 6.8∼8.4로 나타났으며, 環境保全法 生活用水 水質基準 3級水域에 해당하였다. 2. BOD는 7.9∼32.2ppm의 분포를 보였으며 下流地點이 上流地點보다 다소 높은 傾向을 보였고 降雨量이 많았던 4月, 7月, 9月의 平均 BOD 값은 11.5ppm으로 다소 낮은 傾向을 나타냈으나 環境保全法의 3級水의 基準値(10ppm)을 대부분 넘었다. 3. COD는 10.0∼43.1ppm으로 BOD와 비슷한 傾向이었다. 4. 硬度는 51∼180ppm으로 나타났으며 上流가 下流보다 전체적으로 높았다. 5. n­Haxane抽出物, SS는 各各 0∼2.7, 10∼42ppm으로 나타났고 環境保全法 下水基準을 超過하지 않았다. To investigate seasonal variation of the water pollution of the Nabul­Cheon which is flowing into Jinju Nam­river, water temperature, pH, DO, BOD, hardness, extraction matters of n­hexane and SS were analysed at three sites of that from April to December in 1983. The results were as follow; 1. The pH value of each site was 6.8∼8.4. This was the third grade(pH5.8∼8.5) of raw water quality standard of water supplies. 2. BOD were 7.9∼32.2ppm BOD value of site A was a little higher than site C. The average BOD of April, July, September which had much rain was a little lower, but these Bod were beyond the limit of the third grade(less than 10ppm) of raw water quality standard of water supplies. 3. COD were 10.0∼43.1ppm. 4. Hrdness were 51∼180ppm. Site A higher than site C. 5. Extraction matter of n­hexane, SS were 0∼2.7, 10∼42ppm. These were not beyond the times of the waste water discharging standard.

羅佛川 汚染에 關한 硏究

徐珠洙,金炯甲 진주산업대학교 1982 論文集 Vol.20 No.-

羅佛川의 水質汚染 狀態를 調査硏究 하기 위하여 羅佛川 세 지점의 水溫, pH, BOD, DO, 硬度, n-hexan抽出物, SS를 分析한 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 나불천의 pH는 7.1∼7.8이었으며 上水源 基準인 pH 6∼8 범위 내에 들었다. 2. BOD는 上流地點인 C를 제외하고는 30.2∼39.9mg/ℓ로서 下水基準値보다 높게 나타났다. 3. DO는 7.6∼10.6mg/ℓ의 結果를 보였다. 4. 硬度는 下流地點보다 다소 높게 나타났다. 5. 浮遊物質은 下水規定인 70ppm이하로서 16∼58ppm이었다. 6. n-hexan流出物은 5mg/ℓ 이하로 河水汚染 基準을 超過하지 않았다. To investigate the water pollution of the Nabul-river, water temperature, pH, BOD, DO, hardness, extraction matter of n-hexan, ss were obsorved at three sites of the river. The results as fallow; 1. The average pH value of each site was 7.1∼7.8. This was within the range of pH 6∼8, raw water quality standard of water supplies. 2. BOD of two sites of the river except upper C was in the range of 30.4∼39.9ppm which was beyond the average of raw sewage quality standard of 30 ppm. 3. Hardness of A site was slightly higher than upper sites of the river C. 4. Suspended Soild were 15∼58ppm. 5. Extraction matter of n-hexan was 2∼3ppm. This within the range of 5 ppm, the raw water quality standard of water supplies.

Interleukin-1β에 의한 사람 정상 코점막 상피세포의 분비기능 및 형태 변화

김경수,윤주헌,최진우,이정권,문형진,박준호,전희선 대한이비인후과학회 1999 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.42 No.11

Cone beam형 전산화단층영상을 이용한 하악과두 위치의 연구

황형주,김규태,최용석,황의환 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2006 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.36 No.2

Purpose : To evaluate position of the mandibular condyle within articular fossa in an asymptomatic population radiographically by a cone beam computed tomography. Materials and Methods : Cone beam computed tomography of 60 temporomandibular joints was performed on 15 males and 15 females with no history of any temporomandibular disorders, or any other orthodontic or prosthodontic treatments. Position of mandibular condyle within articular fossa at centric occlusion was evaluated. A statistical evaluation was done using a SPSS. Results : In the sagittal views, mandibular condyle within articular fossa was posteriorly located at medial and central sections. In the coronal views, mandibular condyle within articular fossa was laterally located at central section. Mandibular condyles in the right and left sides were showed asymmetric positional relationship at medial, central, and lateral sections. Conclusion : Mandibular condyle within articular fossa in an asymptomatic population was observed nonconcentric position in the sagittal and coronal views.

감압 플래싱 증발에 대한 실험적 연구

박일환,김주형 한국기술교육대학교 2001 論文集 Vol.8 No.1

ABSTRACT In order to investigate the fundamental features of flashing phenomena of compressed water under rapid depressurization, spray experiments have been carried out. Experimental results indicate that the patterns of flashing spray depend upon the temperature difference between the liquid temperature and the saturation temperature corresponding to its pressure. It was also confirmed that flashing evaporation in long nozzle go on more vigorous than in short nozzles under the same experimental condition. The temperature distribution in the spray flow maintains the state of high temperature before the breakup of the liquid column and after the breakup of liquid column, go on in equilibrium with ambient temperature. The spray angle increase with the increase of liquid temperature, and the maximum value of the spray angle depend upon injection pressure and the ratio of diameter to length of the nozzle. The vapor mass fraction in depressuring flashing evaporation is mainly affected at first by the evaporation of bubble growth, and after that affected by evaporation due to the degree of superheat. It was confirmed that depressuring flashing phenomenon features depends on mainly not only injection pressure but also the ratio of diameter to length of nozzle.