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Laser Resection of Palatopharynx on the Snorers
이정권,윤주헌,김경수,김광문,최진우,최재진 대한비과학회 1995 Journal of rhinology Vol.2 No.1
Recently, a new method for treating snoring, called laser resection of palatopharynx (LRPP) was developed and we were to evaluate the clinical effect of of LRPP on the snorers. The subjects of this study were 537 patients who were operated on from June, 1993 through June, 1994 at Severance Hospital. The operations were done with CO₂ laser (Sharplan Co. Israel) and applicators as 20 watts and continuous mode. We evaluated the snorers in three different ways : I.assessment of subjective symptoms II.psychodynamic analysis done by psychiatrist III.assessment of subjective satisfaction by patient’s evaluation. The improvement oI snoring was obtained in 76.4% and of irregular respiration in 80.5%. The symptom of mouth dryness was improved in 54.5% and headache in 28.7%. In psychodynamic analysis, insomnia was noted in 20.7% and was improved significantly after the operation but depression didn’t show any significant improvement. The improvement of subjective satisfaction was the greatest in 4th week (84.4%) and decreased on the progress of follow-up. The most common intraoperative problem was bleeding (9.3%) and the most common postoperative complication was foreign body sensation (32.1%). LRPP had some advantages of an outpatient based operation with local anesthesia and little complications and is an effective method to lessen snoring and irregular respiration. However, the long term follow-up will be needed to determine its full effect.
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Correlations between Findings of Polysomnography and Sleep Apnea Symptoms
이정권,김경수,최진우,박인용,이성훈 대한비과학회 1995 Journal of rhinology Vol.2 No.2
We were to evaluate the correlations between the sleep apnea symptoms consisted of insomnia, excessive sleepiness during daytime, impaired cognitive functions and emotional disturbances and various parameters of sleep and respiration on polysomnography. In sixty patients with sleep apnea, sleep and respiration were examined by polysomnography of one night, and symptoms of sleep apnea were evaluated with the scales of insomnia, daytime sleepiness, emotional disturbance and cognitive impairment. We studied correlations between apnea symptoms, and various parameters of sleep and respiration such as sleep efficiency, number and severity of apnea, O₂ desaturation and number of snoring. Patients with better sleep in insomnia scale showed more number of apnea, particularly more central type, and much more snoring in stage 3 sleep and mild desaturation of O₂. Excessive sleepiness during daytime correlated significantly with stage 1 sleep and its snoring, but correlated negatively with stage 2 sleep.. However, no significant correlation was found with degree of O₂ desaturation. Emotional disturbance was more apparent in the patients with severe O₂ desaturation and smaller amounts of stage 4 sleep. Cognitive function was more impaired in cases of more REM sleep and less apnea. Symptoms of sleep apnea may occur through different causes and processes. The evaluation of apnea symptoms may be helpful to understand in some degree the condition of sleep and respiration during sleep in clinical setting.
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Determination of Referral Criteria of Polysomnography by Clinical Symptoms of Snorers
이정권,김경수,윤주헌,박인용,이성훈 대한비과학회 1995 Journal of rhinology Vol.2 No.2
Most of patients with snoring have underlying obstructive sleep apnea. Operations for snoring through uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) or laser resection of palatopharynx (LRPP) are known to be effective in treatment of snoring but less in obstructive sleep apnea. Therefore polysomnography (PSG) should be recommended in order to evaluate sleep apnea in patient with snoring. However, it is not easy to recommend PSG to all patients with snoring in practice. We performed this study to find the criteria of referral for polysomnography before operation of snoring. 140patients with snoring and sleep apnea syndrome were studied by the PSG. Sleep apnea questionnaire, Zung’s scale for depression, Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS), insomnia scale and neuropsychological test were administered. And also, blood pressure, height, weight and neck circumference were measured and some history was taken. Correlations between respiratory disturbance index (RDI) were computed. Using six parameters (i.e neck circumference, systolic blood pressure before sleep, degree of alcohol drinking, frequency of breath-holding during sleep, degree of dry mouth during sleep, sleep apnea score), the patients with RDI above 20 could be discriminated in 92.8% sensitivity. In case of more than two among six parameters (neck circumference of above 40cm, systolic blood pressure of above 125mmHg, frequent alcohol drinking, frequent breath-holding during sleep, frequent dry mouth during sleep, sleep apnea score of above 35), same patients could be discriminated in 87.6% sensitivity. In case of more than one among four parameters (neck circumference of above 40cm, systolic blood pressure of above 125mmHg, frequent alcohol drinking, body weight of above 80kg), discrimination sensitivity was 83.5%. In conclusion, the patients suspicious of RDI above 20 using above parameters should be refered for PSG, because whose sleep apnea is not easy to be cured only by snoring operation.
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이정권 公州大學校工科大學生産技術硏究所 1993 論文集 Vol.1 No.-
스피커상자(Loudspeaker Cabinet) 내부는 강체벽면으로 이루어진 직방형 상자(cncloser)가 피스톤에 의해 가진되는 모델로써 해석된다. 유도되는 식의 일반성을 위해 시스템의 모든 기하학적 변수들을 임의로 선정하였다. 이 연구의 결과를 이용하여, 흡음재의 사용없이 저음반사(Bass-reflex) 형태의 상자에서 라우드스피커와 구멍(vent)의 최적의 위치를 매우 간편하게 결정할 수 있다. The acoustic interaction between the box and the driving surfaces inside a loudspeaker cabinet is analyzed as a piston-driven rectangular enclosure with rigid walls. All the geometric parameters of the system are chosen arbirarily for a generalization of the drived formulas. Using the results of the present study, the locations of loudspeakers and vents can be optimized very easily without the use of sound-absorbing materials.
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