農村發展과 農村契의 變貌에 關한 硏究

姜昌奎,姜信寓,安仁燦 韓國農業政策學會 1977 농업경영정책연구 Vol.4 No.1

고무질 보강 식품포장용 LDPE필름의 기계적 강도와 기체투과 선택성

한신,강용구,박찬영 전남대학교 촉매연구소 2000 觸媒硏究 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

To improve the mechanical strength of the functional LDPE packaging film that has deficiency in the strength, though the film is active in vitality and has selective permeability for specific gases such as ethylene and carbon dioxide, this work blends a rubbery polymer, ethylene propylene monomeric rubber(EPM), in the LDPE film, and examines the mechanical strength and the permeability to assess preserving the functionality of freshness keeping of product. Overcoming the defect of incomplete coupling of the ceramic powder to the LDPE film is to use a coupling agent KBM-503( γ -methacryloxy propyl trimethoxy silane) of Shinetsu company in Japan. The optimum blending ratio of the EPM was about 5 percent in weight. The blended film reserves the selective gas permeability in relatively equivalent capacity of the non-rubbery film. The 5 percent EPM blended film has stronger mechanical strength than that made without the EPM, The strength approaches to the pure LDPE film. In conclusion, this work presents the method of improving mechanical strength without any depression in its freshness keeping functionality of the conventional packaging film.

액체-고체 순환유동층의 상승관에서 액상의 점도가 고체체류량 및 열전달계수에 미치는 영향

이찬기,강석환,신광식,송평섭,강용,김상돈 한국화학공학회 2003 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.41 No.4

직경이 0.102 m이고 높이가 3.5 m인 액체-고체 순환유동층에서 액체의 점도가 고체입자의 체류량과 열전달계수에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 밀도가 2,500 kg/㎥인 유리구슬(d_(p)=1.0, 1.7, 2.1 또는 3.0 mm)과 CMC 용액(μ_(L)=0.96-38 mPas)을 각각 고체상과 액체상으로 사용하였다. 액체-고체 순환유동층에서 고체입자의 체류량은 액체의 유속이나 점도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였고 유동입자의 크기나 입자의 순환속도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 액체-고체 순환유동층에서 열전달계수는 액체의 점도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였고 유동입자의 크기나 순환속도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였으나, 액체의 유속이 증가함에 따라서는 큰 변화가 없었다. 액체-고체 순환유동층에서 고체입자의 체류량과 열전달계수는 다음과 같이 실험변수와 무차원군에 의해 상관식으로 얻을 수 있었다. E_(S) = 0.783U^(-0.100)_(L)G^(0.164)_(S)d^(0.302)_(p)μ^(-0.036)_(L) h = 4349.3U^(0.010)_(L)G^(0.099)_(S)d^(0.151)_(p)μ^(-0.015)_(L) ◁그림삽입▷ Effects of liquid viscosity on the solid holdup and heat transfer coefficient have been investigated in the riser of a liquid-solid circulating fluidized beds, whose diameter is 0.102 m and 3.5 m in height. Glass beads (d_(p)=1.0, 1.7, 2.1 or 3.0 ㎜) whose density is 2,500 ㎏/㎥ and aqueous solutions of carboxymethy cellulose (CMC)(μ_(L)=0.96-38 mPas) have been used as the solid and liquid phase, respectively. It has been found that the solid holdup decreases with increasing liquid velocity or viscosity, but it increases with increasing solid particle size or solid circulation rate. The heat transfer coefficient decreases with increasing liquid viscosity but it increases with increasing particle size or solid circulation rate, however, it does not change considerablely with increasing liquid velocity. The solid holdup and heat transfer coefficient have been well correlated in terms of operating variables or dimensionless groups as fellow: ◁수식원문참조▷

SPORTS 外傷에 關한 調査硏究 : Centering around 88 Olympic with representative player '88서울올림픽男子代表選手를 中心으로

盧日煥,姜忠植,金達永,金興植,朴贊弘,元忠熙,姜信一,金正洙,朴晶來,李哲遠,林鎬根 公州大學校스포츠科學硏究所 1988 스포츠科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.2

According to the investigation made by analyzing cause of the detail about sports injury. We make this things an object of all the male representative players 254 out of 286 (88.81%) that took part in the whole event from April 15, 1988 to September 16, 1988 in Seoul Olympic Games. The results are as follows. 1. The representative players in Korea started in the athlete life at age 13.1 on the average. Gymnast early started at age 8.4 and yachtist was later at age 18 in the athlete life. 2. There are about 5.7 cases on the outbreak of the sports trauma per person of player a year. This came into existence near the ankle at the high rate of damage formed 11.90%. 3. A sort of sports injury in analysis muscular bruise broke out at the highest rate of occurrence formed 15.70%. 4. The greater part of representative players themselves the injury of trauma by massage (12.53%). Some of them undergo medical treatment to the specialist hospital once a year on the average. Most of hockey players have had experience in this kind of injury treatment three times one year to per person of players. A few of them showed 0.15 times per person a year. 5. Most of representative players have been periodically to the orthopedist formed 27.59 (732) out of all 2653 cases at the high rate of fact. Especially a sort of injury in analysis, the injury of ankle region showed the percentage 11.86 (704) out of all 5,937 cases at the highest rate. 6. The period of medical treatment of the representative players in Korea came out about 14.7 days. Besides period of the other player's treatment came out mostly from one to five days formed 44.82%(935 cases) 7. Manyof them have been roughly treated with muscular bruise in analysis of sports injury. They were taking pains with muscular bruise formed 15.65% (1003) out of all 6408 case. 8. In major cause of sports injury came into existence during the training with waste of physical stamina formed 35.89% and were beyond their power with practicing the game formed 48.09%. Also, a sort of those were brought about the cause of sports injury with desire of outcome too much during in the game formed 44.20%

제주도 한라산 1100 고지 대기 에어로졸의 조성 및 특성

김원형,강창희,신찬성,고선영,홍민선 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2003 基礎科學硏究 Vol.16 No.1

The atmospheric aerosols collected at the 1100 site located in Mt. Halla have been analyzed to investigate their compositions and chemical characteristics. The average concentrations of water-soluble cautions were in the order of NH_(4)^(+)>Ca^(2+)>Na^(+)>K^(+)>Mg^(2+) during the spring, showing high increase of Ca^(2+) concentration with the value of 0.60㎍/㎥, and NH_(4)^(+)>Na^(+)>K^(+)>Ca^(2+)>Mg^(2+) during the other seasons. The average concentrations of anions have shown in the order of SO_(4)^(2-)>NO_(3)^(-)>Cl^(-) for all seasons, and SO_(4)^(2-) and NO_(3)^(-) had higher concentrations in spring with the values of 4.84㎍/㎥ and 1.08㎍/㎥, respectively. From the analytical data of size-segregated particles by cascade impactor sampling, the components of NH_(4)^(+), SO_(4)^(2-), NO_(3)^(-) and K^(+) were distributed mainly in fine particles, but Ca^(2+), Na^(+), Mg^(2+) and Cl^(-) were included mostly in coarse particles. The correlation coefficients of nss-SO_(4)^(2-)/NH_(4)^(+), nss-SO_(4)^(2-)/K^(+) and NO_(3)/nss-Ca^(2+) showed quite high values with 0.871, 0.857 and 0.654, respectively. Based on the study of enrichment factors, it is considered that Na^(+), Mg^(2+), Cl^(-) and Ca^(2+) components were delivered from oceanic and soil sources, but SO_(4)^(2-), NO_(3)^(-) and NH_(4)^(+) might have other source origins. The factor analysis study showed the aerosol at the 1100 site was influenced mainly by anthropogenic factors, followed by oceanic and soil factors.

고에너지 전자빔 투사를 이용한 표면합금화 재료의 미세조직 연구

유정훈,신기삼,윤재홍,이찬규,허성강,오준철,이성학,어광준 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2002 공업기술연구 Vol.2 No.-

For determination of the mechanism of microstructural modification by surface alloying technique using high energy electron beam (HEEB), surface alloys of carbon steel with TiC, TiB_2 and VC were fabricated and their microstructures were analyzed using optical microscope, XRD (X-ray diffractometer), and SEM (scanning electron microscope). The surface regions of TiC and VC surface alloy consists of 1) melted, 2) interface, and 3) heat affected regions. In the TiC surface alloy precipitates of large primary and fine eutectic TiC were observed. In TiB_2 surface alloy, neither fine precipitates were present nor the TiB_2 shape was changed from the original particles, which was attributed to the high melting temperature of TiB_2. Among the three surface alloys studied, the melted region hardness of VC surface alloy was the highest.

말초혈액에서 Tg mRNA에 대한 역전사 중합효소 연쇄 반응법의 갑상선 재발암의 분자생물학적 진단

권성일,박기룡,김현영,신채희,임영찬,최영식,박요한,이강대,장희경,이재화,염하용 대한내분비학회 2002 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.17 No.4

연구배경: 갑상선암은 다른 조직에 발생한 암에 비해 비교적 천천히 자라므로 대부분 예후가 양호하지만, 일부에서는 주위 조직으로 침윤하거나 혹은 원격 전이로 인하여 치명적인 결과를 초래할 수 있다. 갑상선전절제술 및 131^I 제거술 후 경과 관찰시 갑상선암의 재발과 전이의 진단에 있어 131^I 스캔과 혈청 Tg의 측정이 현재 임상에서 가장 많이 이용되고 있으나 이 방법에는 여러 가지의 결점이 있다. 최근 Tg mRNA에 대한 RT-PCR법을 이용한 여러 연구결과는 131^I 스캔과 혈청 Tg 측정의 결점을 보완할 수 있는 좋은 보조적인 진단법으로 이용할 수 있을 가능성을 제시하였다. 이에 말초혈액에서 측정한 Tg mRNA에 대한 RT-PCR법이 갑상선 절제술 및 방사성요드 치료 후 갑상선암의 재발 및 전이 유무의 진단에 유용한가를 알아보고자 이 연구 시행하였다. 방법: 분화된 갑상선암으로 진단된 후 갑상선전절제술을 시행받고 방사성요드 치료를 받은 환자 중 현재까지 한차례에 이상 추적 방사성요드 전신 스캔을 시행하고 추적관찰이 가능했던 유두선암 35예, 여포선암 5예를 대상으로 연구를 시행하였다. 대상군은 131^I 스캔 소견상 음성인 군(Group Ⅰ), 잔여조직이 있는 군(Group Ⅱ), 국소전이가 있는 군(Group Ⅲ), 및 원격전이 군(Group Ⅳ)으로 구분하였다. 정상 대조군은 갑상선질환이 없는 10예의 건강인으로 하였다. 대상환자의 말초혈액을 이용한 Tg mRNA에 대해 특이적인 primer를 이용하여 RT-PCR 및 nested RT-PCR을 시행하였다. 결과: 본 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 131^I 스캔 소견상 음성인 군 21예 중 1예에서 Tg가 양성소견을 보였다. Anti Tg Ab가 양성인 4예 모두 Tg가 음성을 보였다. 잔여조직이 있거나 국소전이 및 원격전이를 보인 군 19예 중 Tg가 양성인 경우는 4예였으나, Tg mRNA는 전예에서 양성이었다. 2) 131^I 스캔에서 국소 및 원격전이 소견을 보인 8예 중 4예에서 Tg가 음성으로 131^I 스캔과 혈청 Tg 사이에 불일치 소견을 보였다. 3) 말초혈액에서 특이적인 primer를 이용하여 RT-PCR 및 nested RT-PCR을 시행한 결과 대상군 40예 및 정상 대조군 10예 모두에서 Tg mRNA가 양성을 보였다. 결론: 본 연구에서 갑상선 절제술 및 방사성요드 치료 후 갑상선암의 재발 및 전이 유무를 평가함에 있어 역전사 중합효소 연쇄 반응법을 이용한 Tg mRNA 측정의 의의는 재평가되어야 한다고 생각된다. Background: Differentiated thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. Despite advances in the treatment of thyroid cancer, disease recurrence and metastasis may occur in as many as 20% of patients, and so continues to pose major problems in its clinical management. Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) measurements, by immunoassay, are used to detect residual or recurrent thyroid cancer following thyriod ablation. However, the usefulness of immunoassay is limited by both the requirement for thyroid hormone withdrawal, to attain optimal test sensitivity, and interference by the antithyroglobulin antibody (Anti-Tg Ab). Recent studies have reported the clinical usefulness of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection of Tg mRNA in the peripheral blood of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinomas. We performed this study to evaluated the usefulness RT-PCR of Tg mRNA in peripheral blood of patients with thyroid carcinoma following a total thyroidectomy and radioiodine ablation therapy. Methods: Forty cases that underwent a total thyroidectomy and radioiodine ablation therapy were included in this study. Of the 40 patients, 35 were papillary carcinomas and 5 were follicular carcinomas. Ten normal control subjects were also studied. Tg mRNA was extracted. Then RT-PCR and nested RT-PCR, were run with specific Tg primers. Concurrently, DNA sequencing of the isolates was carried out to prove the isolates were identical to the nucleotide sequence of the Tg. Results: The Tg was detected in 4 of 19 patients, with either a residual thyroid bed, or metastasis, on a 131^I whole body scan and in 1 of 21 patients with a negative radioiodine scan. Surprisingly, the Tg mRNA was detected in all the patients and normal controls. Conclusion: From our results we can not recommend Tg mRNA, detected by RT-PCR in peripheral blood, as a tumor marker superior to that of the Tg serum level. We consider an intensive re-evaluation of the method is required before considering its clinical applications (J Kor Soc Endocrinol 17:501∼513, 2002).

항암화학요법 중 호중구감소증이 발생한 저위험군 발열 환자들을 대상으로 한 경구 항균제 요법의 임상적 유용성 및 안정성에 대한 연구

김연숙,이혁,기현균,김춘관,김신우,김성민,백경란,김원석,윤성수,이홍기,강원기,박찬형,박근칠,송재훈 대한화학요법학회 2000 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.18 No.1

목적 : 항암화학요법 중 호중구감소증을 동반한 발열이 발생하는 암환자들을 치료하기 위한 다양한 항균제와 여러 가지 방법들이 시도되고 있는 가운데, 합병증과 사망률의 발생가능성이 적은 저위험군 환자들을 대상으로 초기 72시간동안 정주 항균제를 투여한 이후 경구 항균제로 전환하는 요법의 유용성과 안정성을 평가해보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법 : 1998년 2월부터 1999년 9월까지 본원에서 항암화학요법 중 호중구감소증과 발열이 발생한 환자들 가운데 기저 암질환이 고형암이거나 림프종이고, 입원당시 패혈증의 증후가 없으며 입원 72시간이내에 해열되고 백혈구수치가 증가 추세인 환자들을 대상으로 하여 72시간 동안 정주 항균제를 투여한 이후 경우 ciprofloxacin 750㎎을 하루 2회씩 투여하여 총 4일간 투여하였다. 모든 환자들은 열이 떨어지고 호중구감소증이 회복될 때까지 입원하도록 하였다. 결과 : 총 38명 환자의 40예가 등록이 되었고, 환자들의 기저암 질환은 고형함이 72.5%, 림프종이 27.5%였다. 입원당시 평균 호중구치수는 156/㎕였고, 호중구수치가 100/㎕미만인 경우는 65%였으며, 호중구감소증이 지속된 기간의 평균은 2.4일이었다. 40예 중 39예가 항균제의 변형이나 추가 없이 호중구감소증과 발열로부터 회복이 되어 97.5%의 성공율(95% 신뢰구간: 86.8-99.9%)을 보였다. 부작용으로 피부발진이 있었던 경우가 한 예 있었는데, 증상이 경하여 경구 항균제를 지속할 수 있었다. 심와부의 동통으로 복용을 지속할 수 없어서 대상에서 제외된 예가 또 한 예 있었다. 결론 : 항암요법 중 호중구감소증과 발열을 동반한 환자들 가운데 저위험군 환자들에서 항균제 72시간정주 이후 경구 항균제로의 전환요법은 효과적이고도 안전한 치료방법이라고 할 수 있다. Background : Oral antibiotic therapy following empirical intravenous antibiotics may be effective and safe for febrile neutropenic patients with lowrisk for complications. Methods : We conducted a prospective clinical trial of oral antibiotic therapy in the patients with neutropenia and fever during chemotherapy for cancer. Underlying malignancies were solid tumor or lymphoma with short duration of neurtropenia and the patients had no evidence of clinically or microbiologically documented infections. Oral ciprofloxacin was given to the patients who lacked signs of sepsis on admission, had a rising tendency of neutrophil count (ANC >100 /㎕ ) at 72 hours, and were afebrile at 72 hours. All patients were hospitalized until neutropenia and fever resolved. Results : A total of 40 episodes of 38 patients were enrolled from February 1998 to September 1999. The mean neutrophil counts on admission were 156/㎕ and the mean duration of neutropenia was 2.4 days. The episodes which had neutrophil count below 100 /㎕ were 26 (65%). Treatment was successful in 39 of 40 episodes (97.5% : 95 % confidence interval, 86.8% to 99.9%). Adverse reactions of oral ciprofloxacin were skin rash and epigastric soreness in two cases, respectively. There were no deaths during the study. Conclusions : For low-risk febrile patients with neutropenia during cancer chemotherapy, switch therapy to oral ciprofloxacin at 72 hours following intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics is effective and safe,

Reduction in proteinuria after immunosuppress-sive therapy and long-term kidney outcomes in patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy

( Shin Chan Kang ),( Hyung Woo Kim ),( Tae Ik Chang ),( Ea Wha Kang ),( Beom Jin Lim ),( Jung Tak Park ),( Tae-hyun Yoo ),( Hyeon Joo Jeong ),( Shin-wook Kang ),( Seung Hyeok Han ) 대한내과학회 2021 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.36 No.5

Background/Aims: Despite controversy regarding the benefits of immunosuppressive therapy in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), clinical outcomes may vary depending on the patient’s responsiveness to this therapy. This study evaluated long-term kidney outcomes according to the extent of proteinuria reduction after immunosuppression in IgAN patients. Methods: Among 927 patients with biopsy-proven IgAN, 127 patients underwent immunosuppression. Time-averaged urine protein-creatinine ratio before and within 1 year after start of immunosuppression were calculated, and responsiveness to immunosuppression was assessed as the reduction of proteinuria between the two periods. Patients were classified into tertiles according to the extent of proteinuria reduction. We compared the slopes of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline using a linear mixed model, and estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for disease progression (defined as development of a ≥ 30% decline in eGFR or end-stage renal disease) using a Cox proportional hazard model. Results: Median extent of proteinuria reduction was -2.1, -0.9, and -0.2 g/gCr in the first, second, and third tertiles, respectively. There were concomitant changes in the slopes of annual eGFR decline: -2.03, -2.44, and -4.62 mL/min/1.73 ㎡ among the first, second, and third tertiles, respectively. In multivariable Cox analysis, the HRs (95% confidence intervals) for disease progression were 0.30 (0.12 to 0.74) in the first tertile and 0.70 (0.34 to 1.45) in the second tertile compared with the thirdtertile. Conclusions: This study showed that greater proteinuria reduction after immunosuppression was associated with a lower risk of disease progression in patients with IgAN, suggesting that responsiveness to immunosuppression may be an important determinant of kidney outcomes.

SPEECH SYNTHESIS IN THE TIME DOMAIN BY PITCH CONTROL USING LAGRANGE INTERPOLATION(TD-PCULI)

Chan Hee Kang,Yong Jo Shin,Yun Seok Kim,Dae Soo Kang,Jong Hoon Lee,Ki Hyung Kwon,Jeong Keun An,Sung Tae Sea,Yang Ohk Chin 한국소음진동공학회 1994 한국소음진동공학회 국제학술대회논문집 Vol.1994 No.4