별'에 대한 초등학교 교사와 학생들의 幼年的 槪念과 核心 信念 비교

오준형,채동현 경북대학교 사범대학 부속 중등교육연구소 2004 중등교육연구 Vol.52 No.1

This article presents the results which investigated elementary school students' and teachers' conceptions about the stars. Samples consisted of one hundred forty eight 5th-grade students, one hundred seventy four 6th-grade students, and thirty eight primary science teachers. Research method was paper-pencil test. Their responses to these questions revealed considerable apparent naive conceptions. and the study results proved that the items showing a high response rate of teachers' childhood concept also resulted in a high response rate of students' naive concept. A great of this apparent inconsistency could be explained by assuming that the students used, a naive core belief of the stars other than a target scientific concept of the stars. And, elementary school students and teachers often held a different naive core beliefs based on their other experiences rather than scientific theories. this paper was also discussed the core beliefs that elementary school students and teachers held to overcome these naive conceptions.

濕式法에 依한 輝安鑛으로부터 三酸化 안티모니의 製造에 關하여

오재현,김준수,고인용,정원용 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1979 논문집 Vol.11 No.1

An investigation on the production of high purity Sb₂O₃was carried out by means of the acid leaching process from the roasted ore of stibnite. The approach of these studies has been to investigate purity, particle size, recovery and crystal structure of Sb₂O₃obtained through the subsequent treatments of leaching, hydrolysis and neutralization under various conditions. The results obtained in these experiments are summarized as follows; 1) It was possible to use dilute hydrochloric acid to extract Sb₂O₃from the roasted stibnite. Because of the prior roasting treatment, the contamination of impurities could also be reduced in the final products. 2) The rate of extraction of Sb₂O₃from the roasted stibnite was increased concentration of hydro-chloric acid as increased amount of addition of the acid. 3) The yield of Sb₂O₃obtained by hydrolysis of SbCl₃was increased with increasing temperature of hydrolysis. 4) The crystal structure of Sb₂O₃obtained by hydrolysis of SbCl₃at 20℃(room temperature) was confirmed as a orthorhombic crystal structure which is the same as that of valentinite. The recovery of Sb₂O₃from the roasted ore appeared to be nearly 100% under optimum conditions.

치과용 심미 수복 재료들의 색상 연구를 통한 새로운 치과용 색체계의 제안

오윤정,박수정,김동준,조현구,황윤찬,오원만,황인남 대한치과보존학회 2007 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.32 No.1

본 연구는 새로운 치과용 색체계 개발을 목적으로 현재 치과에서 사용되고 있는 Vita shade를 사용하는 9 제조사의 12종의 광중합형 복합레진과 1종의 치과용 도재의 색상을 diffuse/8° 수광 방식을 사용하는 분광색체계 (MiniScan XE plus, Model 4000S, Hunter Lab, USA)를 이용해 D65 표준광과 10도 관찰자 시야 하에서 CIE L^(*)a^(*)b^(*) 값을 측정하고 색상 범위를 분석하였다. 분석한 정보를 color sorting system을 응용한 CNU Cons Dental Color Chart의 색상 표현 방식인 T###에 치과용 수복 재료들의 범위를 적용하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 측정된 L^(*)a^(*)b^(*)값의 분포를 분석해 보면 L^(*)값은 80.40과 52.70 사이에, a^(*)값은 10.60과-3.60 사이에, 그리고 b^(*)값은 28.40과 2.21 사이에 분포한다. L^(*)값의 평균값은 67.40, 중앙값은 67.30이며, a^(*)값은 2.89와 2.91, b^(*)값은 14.30 과 13.90 이다. 이러한 분석을 토대로 CNU Cons Dental Color Chart의 T###의 첫 번째 숫자에 해당하는 L^(*)값의 각 숫자간의 차이는 2.0으로, 그리고 2번째 숫자인 a^(*)값의 각 숫자간의 차이는 1, 그리고 세 번째 숫자인 b^(*)값의 각 숫자간의 차이는 2로 정하였다. T555에 해당하는 L^(*)값의 범위는 66.0이상, 68.0미만으로, a^(*)값의 범위는 3이상 4미만으로, b^(*)값의 범위는 14이상 16미만으로 결정하였다. The purpose of this study is to develope new dental color-space system. Twelve kinds of dental composites and one kind of dental porcelain were used in this study. Disk samples (15 ㎜ in diameter, 4 ㎜ in thickness) of used materials were made and sample’s CIE L^(*)a^(*)b^(*) value was measured by Spectrocolorimeter (MiniScan XE plus, Model 4000S, diffuse/8° viewing mode, 14.3 ㎜ Port diameters, Hunter Lab. USA). The range of measured color distribution was analyzed. All the data were applied in the form of T### which is expression unit in CNU Cons Dental Color Chart. The value of L^(*) lies between 80.40 and 52.70. The value of a^(*) are between 10.60 and 3.60 and b^(*) are between 28.40 and 2.21. The average value of L^(*) is 67.40, and median value is 67.30. The value of a^(*) are 2.89 and 2.91 respectively. And for the b^(*), 14.30 and 13.90 were obtained. The data were converted to T### that is the unit count system in CNU-Cons Dental Color Chart. The value of L^(*) is converted in the first digit of the numbering system. Each unit is 2.0 measured values. The second digit is the value of a^(*) and is converted new number by 1.0 measured value. For the third digit b^(*) is replaced and it is 2.0 measured unit apart. T555 was set to the value of L^(*) ranging from 66.0 to 68.0, value of a^(*) ranging from 3 to 4 and b^(*) value ranging from 14 to 16.

이동로봇의 실시간 장애물인식에 관한 연구

오세봉,Nguyen Huu Cong,김준홍,조창제,한성현 한국공작기계학회 2008 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.-

This paper achieves a research about avoidance of obstacles avoidance based on ultrasonic sensor. The performance of the proposed obstacle avoidance robot controller in order to determine the exact dynamic systems modeling system that uncertainty is difficult for nomadic controlled robot direction angle by ultrasonic sensors throughout controlled performance tests. In additionally, this study is an in different ways than the self-driving simulator in the development of ultrasonic sensors and unmanned remote control techniques used by the self-driving robot controlled driving through an unmanned remote controlled unmanned realize the performance of factory automation.

Mycobacteria Growth indicator Tube(MGIT)와 Ogawa 배지를 이용한 결핵균의 신속검출

권오건,조현미,장인호,어영,윤갑준 대한임상미샐물학회 2000 Annals of clinical microbiology Vol.3 No.2

IPO의 初期收益率과 長期收益率에 관한 實證硏究

林俊亨,吳起賢 조선대학교 경영경제연구소 1997 經營經濟硏究 = Management and economics research Vol.20 No.1

시그마 수준과 계산 방법에 대한 고찰

박준오,박성현 한국품질경영학회 2003 품질경영학회지 Vol.31 No.2

It is very important to understand and interpret the meaning of the sigma level correctly through the Six Sigma project. Especially, the confusion over the relation between sigma level from the short-term point of view and defective proportion or DPMO from the long-term point of view may make a big gap between expected results of the Six Sigma project and real results in the field. The one-tail approximation is commonly used to calculate the sigma level both in most literatures introducing Six Sigma and actual cases of the Six Sigma project. Since the one-tail approximation undervalues the sigma level of the fields such as business and service of which the sigma level is generally low, however, there can be misleading results of the explanation of the sigma level and inappropriate project evaluation. This paper describes the relation between sigma level and defective proportion in detail and clears the difference between the one-tail and two-tail approximation.

전신성 홍반성 루프스 환자에서 발생한 자가 면역성 간염 1례

김준재,백나나,김현정,전태주,서동대,오태훈,최원충 인제대학교 2008 仁濟醫學 Vol.29 No.-

SLE 환자에서 간 효소 수치의 상승은 여러 가지 원인에 의하여 드물지 않게 관찰될 수 있다. 이 중 자가 면역 기전에 의해 발생되는 질환으로 자가 면역성 간염과 SLE에 동반된 간염이 있으며, 두 가지 질환의 감별은 환자의 예후 및 치료에 중요하다. 따라서 간 조직 검사를 포함한 정확한 진단 기준으로 조기에 진단하여야 하며, 이에 따른 적절한 치료를 통해서 간 부전 및 비가역적 간경변증으로 진행을 방지할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have a 25-50% chance of developing abnormal liver tests in their lifetime and various causes are related to elevation of liver enzyme, such as hepatic involvement of lupus, hepatotoxic drug, viral infection, autoimmune hepatitis and so on. Discrimination of autoimmune hepatitis from SLE-associated hepatitis is important because complications and therapy are quite different, although both are autoimmune syndromes. Here we are presenting a case of SLE patient with type I autoimmune hepatitis proved with liver biopsy.

두가지 혈류 유발방법에 의한 새로운 심폐소생술(이중 혈류 유발 심폐소생술)장치의 개발

황성오,김현,조준휘,오범진,임종천,최경훈,윤정한,이승환,김영식,이강현,이윤선 大韓應急醫學會 1999 대한응급의학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Background: There have been many efforts to augment blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. These efforts have focused on maximizing the effect of cardiac pump or thoracic pump alone. However, considering that the heart is the biggest blood reservoir and increase of intrathoracic pressure can generate blood flow, simultaneous exploitation of both mechanisms may have synergistic effect. We hypothesized that simultaneous chest constriction in addition to sternal compression by standard CPR may have additive hemodynamic effects by preventing deformation of the chest and increase of intrathoracic pressure. Methods and results: we built a new mechanical device to perform compression and thoracic constriction simultaneously. The device consists of two main elements. Piston in the center is to depress the sternum. Strap is to constrict the thorax circumferentially. Strap is attached to both sides of the piston. When the piston is pushed down, it depresses the sternum and pulls on the thoracic strap. To determine strap width to produce optimal hemodynamic effect, we measured hemodynamic parameters with variable widths of strap in two dogs after induction of ventricular fibrillation. Result of the experiment showed that 10cm wide strap was determined to be most effective. We also determined optimal depth of compression to produce maximal hemodynamic effect with animal experiments using two dogs. Animal experiments showed that the highest aortic pressure could be generated when the stemum was depressed to 5 cm. Cardiopulmonary resusciation using a new device could generate higher systolic aortic pressure, coronary perfusion pressure and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension in comparison with standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a pilot animal study using two dogs. Conclusion: New cardiopulmonary resuscitation method using a mechanical device designed by us could perform sternal compression and simultaneous thoracic constriction, and generate better hemodynamic effects than standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pilot animal experiments.

Non-typhi Salmonella 균혈증의 임상양상과 항균제 내성빈도

이상오,이미숙,양성연,조용균,김은옥,김양수,우준희,류지소,배직현 대한화학요법학회 1997 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.15 No.1

목적 : Non-typhi Salmonella는 대부분 발열과 설사를 동반한 급성 위장관염을 일으키며 수일에서 수주후 자연 치유된 다. 그러나 때로는 항균제 치료를 요하는 균혈증을 일으키기도 한다. 이에 저자들은 non-typhi Salmonella 균혈증이 혈액 배양에서 증명된 환자들에서 연령 및 기저질환의 유무에 따른 임상양상의 차이와 내성균 발생빈도에 대해 고찰하고자 한다. 방법 : 1989년 6월 1일부터 1996년 5월 31일까지 서울중앙병원에 입원했던 non-typhi Salmonella 균혈증 환자 66예를 대상으로 후향적으로 조사하였다. 임상미생물 기록을 조사하여 연도별 각 혈청군의 분포와 항균제 내성빈도를 분석하였다. 이들 중 56예의 의무기록을 검토하여 소아와 성인, 기저질환의 유무에 따른 임상양상의 차이와 치명율을 비교하였다. 결과 : 대상 환자 56예중 남자가 30예, 여자가 26예이었고, 소아가 16예(평균 20±1.9세, 범위 21일-7세), 성인이 40예(평균 45.7±19.1세, 범위 18세-19세)이었다. 소아에서는 4예(25.0%)에서만 기저질환이 있었고 사망환자는 한 예도 없었으나 성인에서는 27예(67.5%)에서 다양한 기저질환이 있었고(p<0.01) 4예의 환자가 패혈성 쇽으로 사망하였다. 이는 성인군에서는 10%, 성인 기저질환군에서는 14.8%(p=0.06)의 치명율을 나타내는 것이었다. 균혈증의 원발부위에 따라 분류하여 보면 위장관염 기원이 총 56예 중 31예(55.4%)로 가장 많았고 소아군에서는 기저질환이 없는 12예 중 11예(91.7%), 성인군에서는 13예 중 10예(76.9%)였으며 이들 중 사망은 한 예도 없었다. 원발성 균혈증으로 나타났던 성인 19예(47.5%) 중 18예(94.7%)에서 기저질환이 있어서(p<0.01) 기저질환이 있는 성인 환자에서 주로 원발성 균혈증이 발생함을 알 수 있었다. 국소형 감염에서 기원한 균혈증은 2예(3.6%)로 각각 담도염과 담낭염에서 발현하였다. 각 혈청군별 분포는 총 66예 중 A군 11예(16.7%), B군 25예(37.9%), C₁군 3예(4.5%), C₂군 2예(3.0%), D군 24예(36.4%), E군 1예(1.5%)이었다. 1993년 이전에는 B군이 전체의 51.6%로 다수를 차지하였으나 1994년 이후로는 D군이 57.1%로 주종을 이루었다. 한 개 이상의 항균제에 내성을 보인 내성균 발생빈도는 66예 중 18예로 27.3%를 보였다. 혈청군별로는 B군이 D군에 비해 더 높은 내성율을 보였다(44.0% ; 8.3%, p<0.01). 항균제별 내성율은 ampicillin, piperacillin이 각각 15.1%, ampicillin/sulbactam, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole이 각각 6.0%, tetracycline, aztreonam이 각각 3.0%, ticarcillin, gentamicin이 각각 1.5%를 보였다. 그러나 3세대 cephalosporin계와 quinolone계에는 내성을 보인 예가 없었다. 결론 : Non-typhi Salmonella 균혈증은 지저질환이 없는 소아나 성인에서는 급성 위장관염의 합병증으로 일시적인 균혈증을 보일 수 있으나 양호한 예후를 보인다. 그러나 면역기능 저하를 동반하는 기저질환을 가지고 있는 환자에서는 주로 원발성 균혈증으로 나타나며 중증의 임상 경과와 사망을 초래 할 수 있다. 항균제 내성율은 전체적으로 27.%였고 3세대 cephalosporin계와 quinolone계에는 내성을 보인 예가 없었다. Objectives :Non-typhi Salmonella causes acute gastroenteritis accompanied with fever and diarrhea, but it's usually cured spontaneously several days or weeks later. Sometimes, however, it can result in bacteremia which requires antibiotic treatment. In this paper, we're going to discuss differences in clinical manifestation depending on the age and existence of the underlying diseases and incidence of the resistant strains in the patients who suffer from bacteremia with non-typhi Salmonella proved in the blood culture. Methods : We retrospectively studied 66 cases of bacteremia with nontyphi Salmonella treated at Asan Medical Center from June 1, 1989 to May 31, 1996. The clinical microbiology records were examined and the yearly distribution of each scrogroup and the rate of resistance of antibiotics were analysed. We reviewed the medical records of 56 cases and compared the differences in clinical manifestation and fatality rate among children and adults, and the existence of the underlying diseases. Results : Of 56 ones for this study, there were 30 males, 26 females, and 16 children (mean age:2.0±1.9, range:21days-7years old) and 40 adults(mean age:45.7±9.1, range:18-91years old) were involved. Only 4 cases(25.0%) of children had underlying diseases with no dead cases, however, in adults, 27 cases(67.5%) had various underlying diseases(p<0.01), and 4 cases died of softie shock. In result, the fatality rate was 10% in adults group and 14.8%(p=0.06) in adults with underlying diseases. The origin of bacteremia of 31 cases(55.4 %) was gastroenteritis. Eleven cases(92.7%) of 12 children and ten(76.9%) of 13 adults without underlying diseases were from gastroenteritis and there were no dead cases. Of the cases of aults, the primary bacteremia were 19 cases(49.5%) and 18 cases(94.7%) of them had various underlying diseases(p<0.01). So we found that the bacteremia with non-typhi Salmonella occurred mainly as the primary bacteremia in adult cases with underlying diseases. Only two cases of bacteremia were originated from localized infection and each of them manifested at cholangitis and cholecystitis. Related to the serogroup distribution of total 66 cases, there were 11 cases(16.7%) in A group, 25 cases(37.9%) in B, 3 cases(4.5%) in C₁, 2 cases(3.0%) in C₂, 24 cases(36.4%) in D, and one case(1.5%) in E group. Until 1993, B group was a majority(51.6%), but D group became a majority(57.1%) since 1994. The rate of resistance of one or more antibiotics was 27.3%(18 cases of 66 cases). B group showed higher rate of resistance than D group(44.0% vs. 8.3%, p<0.01). Related to the respective rates of resistance of antibiotics, ampicillin and piperacillin showed 15.1%, ampicillin/sulbactam and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were 6.0%, tetracyclin and aztreonam were 3.0%, and ticarcillin and gentamicin were 1.5%. The third generation cephalosporins and quinotones, however, had no cases showing resistance. Conclustion : Non-typhi Salmonella can show a transient bacteremia as the complication of acute gastroenteritis to the children as well as adults without underlying diseases. In general, it can be easily cured. To the patients with underlying diseases causing immunocompromised state, however, it can be manifested to the primary bacteremia and can cause fetal disease or death. General rate of resistance of antibiotics reaches at 27.3%, but the third generation cephalosporins and quinolones had no cases showing resistance.