기초간호자연과학의 병태생리학, 병원미생물, 약물의 기전과 효과 내용별 필요도에 대한 연구

최명애,변영순,서영숙,황애란,김희승,홍해숙,박미정,최스미,이경숙,서화숙,신기수 대한기초간호자연과학회 2000 Journal of korean biological nursing science Vol.2 No.1

The purpose of this study was to define the content of the requisite knowledge of pathophysiology, clinical microbiology, and mechanisms and effects of drugs needed for clinical knowledge for nursing practice. Contents of knowledge on pathological physiology, clinical microbiology, and mechanisms and effects of drugs were constructed from syllabus of basic nursing subjects in 4 colleges of nursing, and textbooks. The degree of need of 72 items was measured with a 4 point scale. The subjects of this study were college-graduated 136 nurses from seven university hospitals in Seoul and three in Chonnam Province, Kyungbook Province, and Inchon. They have been working at internal medicine ward, surgical ward, intensive care unit, obstetrics and gynecology ward, pediatrics ward, opthalmology ward, ear, nose, and throat ward, emergency room, rehabilitation ward, cancer ward, and hospice ward. The results were as follows : 1. The highest scored items of the knowledge of pathophysiology, clinical microbiology, and mechanisms and effects of drugs necessary for nursing practice were side effects of drugs, anticoagulants, mechanisms of drugs, antihypertensive drugs, tolerance and addiction of drugs, interactions among drugs, hospital infection in the order of importance. The lowest scored item was structure of microrganisms. 2. The highest order of need according to unit was repair in tissue injury unit, definition·etiology·classification of inflammation in inflammation unit, trasplantation and immunologic response in alterations in immunity unit, thrombus and thrombosis in disorders of cardiovascular function unit, gene disorders in genetic disorders unit, hospital infection in infection unit, virus in microrganisms unit, side reactions of drugs in introduction unit, anticonvulsants in drugs for central nervous system unit, local anesthesia in anesthesia unit, anticoagulants in drugs for cardiovascular system unit, anti-inflammatory drugs in antibiotics unit, anti-ulcer drugs in drugs for digestive system unit, and bronchodilators in drugs for respiratory system unit. 3. The common content of the knowledge of pathophysiology, clinical microbiology, and mechanisms and effects of drugs needed for all clinical areas in nursing were side effects of drugs, anticoagulants, interactions among drugs, and hospital infection. However, the degree of need of each pathological physiology, clinical microbiology, and mechanisms and effects of drugs was different depending on clinical areas. 4. Significant differences in the knowledge of pathophysiology, clinical microbiology, and mechanisms and effects of drugs necessary for nursing practice such as tissue changes due to injurious stimuli, degenerative changes of tissue, alterations in metabolism of carbohydrates, ischemia, hyperemia and congestion, hospital infection, structure of microorganism, classification of microorganism, bacteria, virus, antidepressants, antipsychotic drugs, antiemetic drugs, antiparkinsonism drugs, antianxiety drugs, antibiotics, tuberculostatics, antiviral drugs, antifungal drugs, parasiticides, antiulcer drugs, antidiarrheais, and anti constipation drugs were shown according to the work area. 5. Significant differences in the knowledge of pathophysiology, clinical microbiology, and mechanisms and effects of drugs necessary for nursing practice such as transplantation and immunologic response, alterations in the metabolism of uric acid, structure of microorganism, classification of microorganism, immunosuppresants, drugs for congestive heart failure were demonstrated according to the duration of work. Based on these findings, all the 72 items constructed by Korean Academic Society of Basic Nursing Science should be included as contents of the knowledge of pathophysiology, clinical microbiology. and mechanisms and effects of drugs

의과대학생을 위한 임상미생물 멀티미디어 강의의 개발과 평가

오승환,이선민,김형회,이은엽,정해진,이상엽,김성수,김해규,박병규,우재석,임병용,백승완,정인숙,장철훈 한국의학교육학회 2006 Korean journal of medical education Vol.18 No.2

Purpose: Insufficient teaching of clinical microbiology, often caused by limited resources in medical schools, might be a reason for inaccurate diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases by doctors. The purpose of this study is to develop and assess a multimedia self‐learning tool (MSLT) for clinical microbiology course. Methods: We developed the MSLT based on existing self-directed learning tools. This tool was used by second-and third-year medical students. We randomly assigned 67 participating students to two groups: one(29) with lectures only and the other(38) with the MSLT only. We conducted pre- and post-tests. Results: There are no differences in the pre- and post-test scores between the lecture group and the MSLT group in knowledge of bacterial classification, understanding of infectious diseases, proper use of laboratory tests, and proper selection of antimicrobials. However, post-test scores were significantly higher in both groups. Conclusion: The MSLT was found to be as equally effective as lectures, at least, test score- wise. Teachers could use either this tool alone or combined with conventional lectures to improve and enhance teaching in clinical microbiology. The results shed new insights into the possibility of introducing new teaching methods in clinical microbiology for future medical education.

예측미생물학을 활용한 미강 식이섬유 함유 떡갈비의 유통기한 설정

허찬,김현욱,최윤상,김천제,백현동,Heo, Chan,Kim, Hyoun-Wook,Choi, Yun-Sang,Kim, Cheon-Jei,Paik, Hyun-Dong 한국축산식품학회 2008 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.28 No.2

The objective of this study is to estimate the shelf-life of Tteokgalbi containing dietary fiber extracted from rice bran by using the predictive microbiology. This Tteokgalbi was made with 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% dietary fiber. The number of total viable cells, anaerobic, psychrotrophic, and heat-stable bacteria and coliforms was calculated during 15 days of storage under $4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and the obtained data was applied to Baranyi function. The evaluation of fitness between predicted and observed data showed that these were matched in a satisfactory way. Heat-stable bacteria was detected lower than <1 log CFU/g and coliforms were not detected during the storage. The changes of total viable cells and psychrotrophic bacteria in Tteokgalbi were increased gradually, but dramatically increased after 3 days of storage. The models of total viable cells and anaerobic bacteria showed very similar growth trends and values of growth parameters each other. The estimated shelf-life of each Tteokgalbi was calculated from the predictive model of total viable cells and the estimated shelf-life was 1.7, 2.3, 2.3, and 2.4 days, respectively. The results suggested that the prediction of bacteria growth could be used to evaluate the microbiological safety and determine the shelf-life of Tteokgalbi as ready-to-eat food in the local market.

서평: “미생물의 참모습: 마이크로바이옴에서 크리스퍼까지”

강정옥 대한임상미생물학회 2022 Annals of clinical microbiology Vol.25 No.2

At the time when owing to COVID-19 pandemic, the public is more interested in infectiousdiseases and pathogens than in any other period, a book titled “The New Microbiology: FromMicrobiomes to CRISPR” by the renowned microbiologist Pascale Cossart was translatedand published by our colleague. In this book, the author describes important discoveriesand new conceptual advances in the field of microbiology over the past century. The authoremphasizes that bacteria form a microbiome and lead a social life and explains the impactand importance of the microbiome on human health and ecosystem. Further, the discoveryof ‘CRISPR,’ which led to the era of genome editing and gene therapy, has been describedin details. This book will dramatically change our perspective regarding all living things,including bacteria, plants, animals, and even insects, as well as our eating habits and dailylife, based on the new understanding of microorganisms. I recommend reading this bookas I am sure that it will broaden the perspectives of both clinical microbiologists and healthcare workers.

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry in Clinical Microbiology: What Are the Current Issues?

Alex van Belkum,Martin Welker,David Pincus,Jean-Philippe Charrier,Victoria Girard 대한진단검사의학회 2017 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.37 No.6

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has revolutionized the identification of microbial species in clinical microbiology laboratories. MALDI-TOF-MS has swiftly become the new gold-standard method owing to its key advantages of simplicity and robustness. However, as with all new methods, adoption of the MALDI-TOF MS approach is still not widespread. Optimal sample preparation has not yet been achieved for several applications, and there are continuing discussions on the need for improved database quality and the inclusion of additional microbial species. New applications such as in the field of antimicrobial susceptibility testing have been proposed but not yet translated to the level of ease and reproducibility that one should expect in routine diagnostic systems. Finally, during routine identification testing, unexpected results are regularly obtained, and the best methods for transmitting these results into clinical care are still evolving. We here discuss the success of MALDI-TOF MS in clinical microbiology and highlight fields of application that are still amenable to improvement.

현대 한국의 도시위생 개선과 의학 교과서 서술의 변화

권오영(Kwon, Oh Young) 도시사학회 2017 도시연구 Vol.- No.18

이 글은 도시위생과 관련된 예방의학과 미생물학의 교과서를 시기별로 나누어 분석하여 도시위생의 개선에 따라 교과서가 어떻게 서술 변화를 보였는지 알아보고자 한 연구이다. 현대 도시위생의 개념이 시작된 1950년대에는 도시위생의 인프라를 구축하던 시기였다. 당시 도시위생은 의학의 하나의 주제였고, 위생적인 생활을 영위할 수 있도록 도시위생의 직접적인 주제들이 의학 교과서에 수록된다. 그러나, 산업화 이후 이 같은 내용은 점차 축소되면서 산업보건 문제와 만성질환 분야의 서술이 증가한다. 최근에는 신종감염병과 국가 간 위생에 관점을 맞추어 교과서 내용은 변화하고 있다. 도시위생의 개선은 이와 관련된 감염병의 발생을 감소시켜 미생물학의 교과서 서술 내용과 구성을 변화시켰다. 상하수도 시설의 구축으로 수인성감염병의 발생이 감소하였고, 교과서 분량도 같이 감소한다. 해외유입 감염병과 신종감염병의 유행은 이 분야의 서술을 점차 증가시키고 있다. 도시위생 시설변화에 의해 특정 질병의 서술이 시기별로 변화한 사실을 콜레라와 레지오넬라증으로 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로, 도시위생의 개선은 의학에 많은 영향을 주었으며, 의학 교과서의 서술을 변화시켰다. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the descriptions of medical textbooks has changed according to the improvement of urban hygiene, by analyzing textbooks of preventive medicine and microbiology related to urban hygiene. In the 1950’s, the concept of urban hygiene was taking root. This was the time to build up the hygienic infrastructure in Korea. At that time, urban hygiene was one of the topics of the world of medicine. More direct topics of urban hygiene were introduced in medical textbooks. However, after improving urban hygiene through industrialization and economic development, this topic was no longer considered of major import, as occupational health and chronic illnesses have taken its place. The improvement of urban hygiene also changed the description and structure of the microbiology textbooks by reducing the occurrences of many types of infectious diseases. Improvement in urban hygiene, which reduced the outbreak of infectious diseases, has changed the description and composition of textbooks in microbiology. The construction of water and sewage facilities reduced infectious waterborne and foodborne diseases, and the amount of these description of microbiology textbooks also decreased. The outbreak of new infectious diseases and diseases from overseas are increasingly being described in this field. The contents of the specific diseases were changed by the sanitary facilities of the city through the cases of cholera and legionellosis. In conclusion, the improvement of urban hygiene has made a great impact on medicine, and has also changed the descriptions of medical textbooks.

Comparison of 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing, API 20E, and RT-PCR for Identification of Autopsy-derived Escherichia coli and Shigella spp

장미화,이해용,김주영,이원해,정종민,문서현 한국과학수사학회 2022 과학수사학회지 Vol.16 No.3

Practical techniques to differentiate Escherichia coli from Shigella spp. remains underexplored in the field of forensic microbiology. We aimed to compare the performance of 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and two commercially available API 20E and RT-PCR systems to distinguish between E. coli and Shigella spp. on the basis of analysis of 24 isolates collected from 12 forensic autopsies to evaluate the level of species identification. The accuracy of 16S rRNA gene sequencing at the species level was ranged from 16.7% to 33.3%. However, 79.2% (19/24) were unidentified, even though analyzed using three distinct databases (MicroSEQ 500 library, BLAST, EzTaxon). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that 16S rRNA gene sequencing could not differentiate Shigella spp. and E. coli. Of the 19 isolates, the API 20E showed complete identification of 78.9% (15/19) at the species level, whereas RT-PCR analysis showed complete identification of 19 isolates (100%) at the species level. Our comparison analyses revealed that only 16S rRNA gene sequencing is not enough to differentiate E. coli and Shigella spp., and the accuracy and rapidity order was as follows: RT-PCR >API 20E>standard analysis. These results suggest that the polyphasic strategy with the standard analysis and RT-PCR or API 20E techniques are ideal for differentiation of these microbes.

Developing an Interactive Computer Program for Integrated Dental Education

Ava K. Chow,Nazlee Sharmin 대한의료정보학회 2021 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.27 No.4

Objectives: The knowledge of anatomy is an integral part of dental and medical education that builds the foundations ofpathology, physiology, and other related disciplines. Traditional three-dimensional (3D) models used to teach anatomy cannotrepresent dynamic physiological processes and lack structural detail in the oral regions relevant for dental education. Wedeveloped an interactive computer program to teach oral anatomy, pathology, and microbiology in an integrated manner toimprove students’ learning experiences. Methods: The computer program, Jawnatomy, was developed as a 3D human head. Cognitive load theory guided the design of the tool, with the goal of reducing the heavy cognitive load of learning anatomyand integrating this knowledge with pathology and microbiology. Keller’s attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction(ARCS) model of motivational design was used while creating the tool to improve learners’ motivation and engagement. Blender was used to create the graphics, and Unity 3D was used to incorporate interactivity in the program. The 3D renderingsof oral anatomy and progression of tooth decay were created with the input of content experts. Results: Jawnatomy willbe launched in our institution’s dentistry and dental hygiene program to support project- and team-based learning. This programwill also be introduced to students as a self-directed learning tool to help them practice and strengthen their anatomicalknowledge at their own pace. Conclusions: Surveys and focus groups will be conducted to evaluate and further improve thecomputer program. We believe that Jawnatomy will become an invaluable teaching tool for dental education.

미생물 검침을 위한 고체 배지 임피던스 센서

최아미(Ahmi Choi),박재성(Jae-Sung Park),정효일(Hyo-Il Jung) 대한기계학회 2008 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2008 No.11

Rapid, real-time detection of pathogenic microorganisms is an emerging and quickly evolving field of research, especially with regard to microorganisms that pose a major threat to public health. Herein, a new method that uses bioimpedance and solid culture medium for the real-time detection of microorganisms is introduced. We fabricated a new impedimetric biosensor by integrating solid media and two plane electrodes attached on two facing sides of an acryl well. During bioelectrical impedance analysis, the solid medium showed the characteristics of a homogenous conductive material. In a real-time impedance measurement, our solid-medium biosensor could monitor bacterial growth in situ with a detection time of ~4 hrs. Our data indicate that the solid-medium biosensor is useful for detecting airborne microorganisms, thereby providing a new analytical tool for impedance microbiology.

Developing Genetic Tools to Study Oral Bacterial Pathogenesis

Han, Yiping Weng,Suh, Wenyuan Korean Academy of Oral Biology and the UCLA Dental 1997 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.22 No.1

Molecular biology has revolutionized the medical sciences, especially in the field of microbiology. However, so far it has only limited impact on dentistry even though bacteria are the main cause of the periodontal diseases and dental caries. With the increasing number of antibiotic-resistant oral bacteria and the increasing cost of oral surgery, it is becoming very important to understand the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of the oral bacteria, so one can develop new drugs for the infections as well as new diagnostic methods for quick identification of the oral pathogens for proper treatment. In order to study the molecular biology of the oral bacteria, it is essential to develop key genetic tools. This paper reviews the recent progress in this field, including setting up genetic systems and using these tools to study the genes related to pathogenesis.