조구등(釣鉤藤) 성분의 항경련 효과 I. -에틸아세테이트 분획의 항경련 효과-

김동영,김회영,박민수,이정규,최종원,Kim, Dong-Young,Kim, Hoe-Young,Park, Min-Soo,Lee, chung-Gyu,Choi, Jong-Won 한국생약학회 1996 생약학회지 Vol.27 No.1

To elucidate the activities of Uncaria Ramulus et Uncus, which has been used as anticonvulsant and antihypertensive in oriental region, the methanolic extract and its fractions were applied to inhibition of convulsion onset. The ethyl acetate fraction showed dose-dependent inhibitory activity against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure.

Neuroprotective Effect of Some Plant Extracts in Cultured CT105-Induced PC12 Cells

Kim, Sang Tae,Kim, Jeong Do,Lyu, Yeoung-Su,Lee, Min-Yung,Kang, Hyung-Won Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 2006 BIOLOGICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN Vol.29 No.10

<P>Carboxyl-terminal fragments of APP (CT) have been found in plaques, microvessels and the neurofibrillary tangles in the brains of AD patients. These carboxyl-terminal fragments, which contain the complete Aβ sequence, appear to be toxic to neurons in culture cells. However, the possible role of other cleaved products of APP is less clear. We showed that a recombinant carboxy-terminal 105 amino acid fragment (CT105) of APP induced strong neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. We prepared alcoholic extract from Oriental herbal plants and screened their protective effects against CT<SUB>105</SUB>-induced cell death in PC12 cells after the treatment of these extracts. Of the 10 kinds of plant extracts, 12 kinds of extracts had considerable protective effects against CT<SUB>105</SUB>-induced cell death, especially, <I>Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus</I> (UREU), <I>Gastrodia elata</I> (GAE), <I>Evodia officinalis</I> (EO) and <I>Panax ginseng</I> (PAG) showed the most protective effect at the concentration of 50μg/ml. BuOH extract of UREU and GAE possessed the strongest protective effects against neurotoxicity of CT<SUB>105</SUB>-induced PC12 cells and showed inhibitory effect with IC<SUB>50</SUB> values of 4.8 and 8.3μg/ml, respectively. These plants are promising candidates of neuroprotective effects and would be useful for the treatment of the neuronal degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's diseases.</P>

조구등이 MCAO 모델 흰쥐에서 gliosis 억제에 미치는 영향

김상우,김선애,송봉근,Kim, Sang-Woo,Kim, Sun-Ae,Song, Bong-Keun 대한한방내과학회 2010 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.31 No.4

Objectives : In condition of brain infarction, irreversible axon damage occurs in central nerve system(CNS), because gliosis becomes physical and mechanical barrier to axonal regeneration. Reactive gliosis induced by ischemic injury such as middle cerebral artery occlusion is involved with up-regulation of GFAP and CD81. The current study is to examine the effect of the Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus on CD81 and GFAP expression in the rat brain following middle cerebral artery occlusion. Methods : In order to study ischemic injuries on brain, infarction was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) using insertion of a single nylon thread, through the internal carotid artery, into a middle cerebral artery. Cresyl violet staining, cerebral infarction size measurement, immunohistochemistry and microscopic examination were used to detect the expression of CD81 and GFAP and the effect on the infarct size and pyramidal cell death in the brain of the rat with cerebral infarction induced by MCAO. Results : The following results were obtained 1. Measuring the size of cerebral infartion induced by MCAO in the rat after injection of Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus showed the size was decreased. 2. Intravenous injection of Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus showed pyramidal cell death protection in the hippocampus in the MCAO rat. 3. Water extract injection of Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus decreased GFAP expression significantly in the MCAO rat. 4. Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus water extract decreased CD81 expression in the MCAO rat. 5. The administration of water extract of Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus induced up-regulation of c-Fos expression significantly compared with MCAO. 6. The admistration of water extract of Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus increased ERK expression significantly compared with MCAO. Conclusion : We observed that Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus could suppress the reactive gliosis, which disturbs the axonal regeneration in the brain of the rat with cerebral infaction after MCAO by controlling the expression of CD81 and GFAP. The effect may be modulated by the up-regulation of c-Fos and ERK. These results suggest that Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus can be a candidate to regenerate CNS injury.

백서(白鼠)의 국부(局部) 뇌경색(腦硬塞)에 대한 조구등(釣鉤藤)의 신경보호(神經保護) 효과(效果)

권형수,오용성,이소연,박치상,박창국,장우석,Kwon Hyung-Su,Oh Yong-Seong,Lee So-Yeon,Park Chi-Sang,Park Chang-Gook,Jang Woo-Seok 대한한방내과학회 2003 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.24 No.2

The goal of this study is to investigate whether Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus can protect nerve cells against ischemic neuronal damage is caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats' brains and to investigate whether the neuroprotective effect of Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus is concerned with IEGs(immediate early genes) expression. Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus(l00mg/kg) was administered immediately after 2 hours of MCAO and maintained for 7 days. On 7th days after 2 hours of MCAO, the brains of rats were sliced through the hippocampus. c-Fos immunohistochemistry stain and Cresyl violet stain were done for microscopic examination. Each number of viable neurons and c-Fos immunoreactive cells in CA1 was counted. The density of neurons and c-Fos immunoreactive cells were significantly decreased in MCAO-operated ischemic rats compared to that sham-operated rats. Administration of Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus group significantly elevated MCAO-induced decrease in density of neurons, and elevated MCAO-induced decrease in c-Fos immunoreactive cells. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effect of Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus against focal cerebral ischemia. Also, we hypothesized that neuroprotective mechanism of Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus is related to IEGs expression.

중추신경계 손상 회복에 미치는 대한 조구등의 영향

이진구,박형진,김동웅,송봉근,Lee, Jin-Goo,Park, Hyoung-Jin,Kim, Dong-Woong,Song, Bong-Keun 대한약침학회 2009 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.12 No.1

Objective : Following central nervous system(CNS) injury, inhibitory influences at the site of axonal damage occur. Glial cells become reactive and form a glial scar, gliosis. Also myelin debris such as MAG inhibits axonal regeneration. Astrocyte-rich gliosis relates with up-regulation of GFAP and CD81, and eventually becomes physical and mechanical barrier to axonal regeneration. MAG is one of several endogenous axon regeneration inhibitors that limit recovery from CNS injury and disease. It was reported that molecules that block such inhibitors enhanced axon regeneration and functional recovery. Recently it was reported that treatment with anti-CD81 antibodies enhanced functional recovery in the rat with spinal cord injury. So in this current study, the author investigated the effect of the water extract of Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus on the regulation of CD81, GFAP and MAG that increase when gliosis occurs. Methods : MTT assay was performed to examine cell viability, and cell-based ELISA, western blot and PCR were used to detect the expression of CD81, GFAP and MAG. Then also immunohistochemistry was performed to confirm in vivo. Results : Water extract of Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus showed relatively high cell viability at the concentration of 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.5%. The expression of CD81, GFAP and MAG in astrocytes was decreased after the administration of Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus water extract. These results was confirmed in the brain sections following cortical stab injury by immunohistochemistry. Conclusion : The authors observed that Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus significantly down-regulates the expression of CD81, GFAP and MAG. These results suggest that Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus can be a candidate to regenerate CNS injury.

조구등이 $\beta$APP 과발현 인간 신경아세포암에서의 항치매 효과에 관한 연구

김상호,강형원,유영수,Kim Sang Ho,Kang Won Hyung,Lyu Yeoung Su 대한동의생리학회 2002 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.16 No.5

Ramulus et Uncus Uncariae (JGD) has sweet in flavour and slightly cold in property, acting on the liver and pericardium channels. This drug was described in a medical classic as having the ability to remove 'heat', check hyperfunction of the liver and relieve dizziness, tremors, and convulsions, and subdue 'endogenous wind'. So this study was estimated to check the anti-neuropathological effect of JGD on the Alzheimer in βAPP overexpression in neuroblastoma cell line and JGD extract was showed significantly anti-alzheimer effects (50 and 100 μg/㎖ of JGD extracts) compared with control group. Ramulus et Uncus Uncariae has anti-alzheimer effects on the βAPP overexpression in neuroblastoma cell line. So we expect that Ramulus et Uncus Uncariae may be used as a drug for neurodegenerative disease, such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD). These results indicate that Ramulus et Uncus Uncariae possess strong inhibitory effect in the nervous system of apoptosis and repair effect against the degeneration of Neuroblastoma cells by βAPP expression.

Anti-inflammatory effect of Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus on alcohol-induced gastritis

( Lee Tae Jong ) 대구한의대학교 제한동의학술원 2022 제한동의학술원논문집 Vol.20 No.1

Objective : Gastritis refers to an inflammatory disease of the gastric mucosa. Alcohol is one of the main aggression factors, causing bleeding and inflammation in the gastric mucosa and it is known to not only increase lipid peroxide levels, but also deplete key antioxidant factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus water extract (URW) in alcohol-induced gastritis. Methods : The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of URW were confirmed through an in experiment. Also, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity were confirmed. For in vivo experiments, mice were divided into 4 groups (n=8). Also, 1 hr after oral administration of each drug, 50% ethanol was orally administered to induce gastritis. Results : As a result of in vitro experiments, URW showed excellent antioxidant activity. In alcohol-induced gastritis, URW alleviated the damage to the gastric mucosa caused by alcohol. Also, URW decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum and gastric tissues, and significantly decreased the expression of NADPH oxidases in gastric tissues. In addition, it significantly modulated the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB) pathways as well as significantly increased the expression of anti-inflammatory proteins. Conclusions : These results suggest that URW not only reduces oxidative stress through excellent antioxidant activity but also relieves gastric mucosal inflammation as a regulator of Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways.

조구등(釣鉤藤)의 4-VO로 유발한 흰쥐뇌허혈에 대한 신경방어효과

李仁煥,林康鉉,李鍾錫,石庚浩,安德均,朴虎君,김頀哲 대한본초학회 1999 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.14 No.2

Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus(UR, ???) has sweet in flavour and slightly cold in property, acting on the liver and pericardium channels. This drug was described in a medical classic as having the ability to remove "heat", check hyperfunction of the liver and relieve dizziness, tremors, and convulsion, and subdue "endogenous wind". So this study was planned to check the neuroprotective effect of UR on the global ischemia induced by 4-vessel occlusion in Wistar rats. and UR extract was lyophilized after extraction with 70% methanol. We induced 4-vessel occlusion for 10 minutes and reperfused again. The number of CA1 pyramidal neurons were counted after 7 days of reperfusion under the cresyl violet staining. In 4-VO ischemia model, UR showed significantly neuroprotective effects(1,000 and 500 ㎎/㎏ of UR extracts, p<0.05) compared with control group. Each neuroprotective ratio was about 23.0%, 19.0% respectively. Consequently, Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus has neuroprotective effects on the global ischermia induced by 4-vessel occlusion in Wistar rats. So we expect that Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus can be used as a drug for neurodegenerative disease.

釣鈞藤이 해마신경세포의 산화적 손상에 미치는 효과

이재규,최유선,이은미,장철호,이강창,박승택,이형철,황상구,주성민,김원신,백은경,전병훈 대한동의병리학회 2001 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.15 No.5

To clarify the neurotoxicity of hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) in cultured hippocampal neurons derived from neonatal mouse, cytotoxicity was measured by MTS assay after cultured cells were grown for 5 hours in the media containing 1∼20μM concentrations of H2O2. In addition, the neuroprotective effect of Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis was measured in these cultrures. Cell viability was positively decreased in a dose-dependent manner after exposure of cultured mouse hippocampal neurons to 10μM H2O2 for 5 hours. In the neuroprotective effect of Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis on H2O2-mediated toxicity, Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis prevented the H2O2-induced neurotoxicity in these cultures. From these results, it suggests that H2O2 is toxic in cultured hippocampal neurons derived from neonatal mouse and selective herb extract such as Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis is effective in prevetion of the neurotoxicity induced by H2O2.

알코올성 위염에 대한 釣鉤藤의 항염증 효과

이진아,이태종,김진영,신미래,박해진,노성수 대한본초학회 2022 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.37 No.5

Objective : Gastritis refers to an inflammatory disease of the gastric mucosa. Alcohol is one of the main aggression factors, causing bleeding and inflammation in the gastric mucosa and it is known to not only increase lipid peroxide levels, but also deplete key antioxidant factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus water extract (URW) in alcohol-induced gastritis. Methods : The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of URW were confirmed through an in vitro experiment. Also, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity were confirmed. For in vivo experiments, mice were divided into 4 groups (n=8). Also, 1 hr after oral administration of each drug, 50% ethanol was orally administered to induce gastritis. Results : As a result of in vitro experiments, URW showed excellent antioxidant activity. In alcohol-induced gastritis, URW alleviated the damage to the gastric mucosa caused by alcohol. Also, URW decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum and gastric tissues, and significantly decreased the expression of NADPH oxidases in gastric tissues. In addition, it significantly modulated the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-κ B p65 (NF-κB) pathways as well as significantly increased the expression of anti-inflammatory proteins. Conclusions : These results suggest that URW not only reduces oxidative stress through excellent antioxidant activity but also relieves gastric mucosal inflammation as a regulator of Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways.