주요우울증이 근로자의 생산성에 미치는 영향 : WHO-HPQ(Health and Work Performance Questionnaire)를 이용한 예비연구

김원,황태연,함병주,이준석,최병휘,김세주,서용진,강은호,우종민 大韓神經精神醫學會 2007 신경정신의학 Vol.46 No.6

Objectives : Major depressive disorder (MDD) causes patients' distress and makes socioeconomic burden, both directly and indirectly. We used the concept of lost productive time (LPT) to estimate the indirect costs and calculated both absenteeism and presenteeism among workers with MDD. Mcthods : Depression group was recruited from workers visiting psychiatric outpatient clinic who had MDD without major physical or mental disorders (N= 106). Age and sex matched healthy control group was also recruited through advertisement (M=100). All participants completed a interview using WHO Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ), Job Stress Measurement Scale for Korean Employees, and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Statistical analysis was performed with independent t-test or χ² test as characteristics of values (p=0.05). Results : The number of absence (0.94-day/month vs. 0.10-day/month, P=0.015) andthe numberofearly leaving (2.56-day/month vs. 0.24-day/month, P<0.001) were significantly higher in the depression group. Depression group evaluated their Perfor-mance level much lower than controls with significant value (5.16 vs. 7.62, P<0.001). In addition, depression group estimated their performance level during the last 4 weeks lower compared to the level of past 1-year (5.16 vs 6.63, P<0.001). The estimated costs of absenteeism in depression group were higher than controls by 2,520,000 Korean Won per year, and those of presenteeism were also higher by 4,880,000 Korean Won per year. The total costs of LPT in depression group were higher than controls by 7,400,000 Korean Won, which corresponds to 26% ofmean annual salary. In addition, the level of occupational stress, such as high demand and interpersonal conflict, was higher in the depression group. Conclusion : Major depressive disorder costs substantial productivity loss to workers and their company. Presenteeism imposes more time cost than absenteeism. Effectiveness trials are needed to devise cost-effective programs for the early detection and treatment of depression at the workplace.

한국의 금융·자본자유화가 금융·외환위기에 미친 영향에 대한 실증분석 : The role of Capital Account Liberalization Reexamined

유재원,김태준 한국국제통상학회 2004 국제통상연구 Vol.9 No.3

본고는 자본자유화가 외환위기의 주원인이었는가라는 종래의 논의에서 벗어나 대내적 금융자유화와 대외적 자본자유화의 효과를 균형적으로 고찰하였다. 또한 금융자유화와 자본자유화의 정도를 정책변화를 중심으로 정의하는 일반적 관행과 달리 자유화의 실제효과에 근거하여 정의하였다. 이들 자유화 및 위기변수로 이루어진 벡터자기오차모형을 추정한 결과, 금음자유화나 자본자유화가 외환위기를 초래하였다는 근거는 찾기 어려웠다. 금음자유화는 신용경색을 심화시켜 금융위기를 초래하였을 확률이 상당히 높지만, 금융위기가 외환위기로 발전하였다고 보기는 어렵다. 본격적인 금리자유화나 자본시장개방이 1990년대초부터 부분적으로 이루어지기 시작한 현실을 감안하면, 이러한 결과는 별로 이상할 것이 없다고도 할 수 있다. 자유화정책이 실제로 얼마나 충실하게 실행되었는가 의문시되는 상황이라면 더욱 그럴 것이다. 한편, 금융위기가 외환위기로 연결되었다는 가설을 증명하려면 금융위기를 초래한 요인에 대한 면밀한 검토가 이루어져야 할 것이다. Capital Account liberalization, particularly the premature liberalization of short-term capital flow, has been criticized as responsible for Korea's currency crisis in 1997. However, it remains controversial what are the characteristics and the fundamental causes of the crisis. This paper aims to clarify the role of the capital account liberalization in the currency crisis from the broader perspective of financial liberalization, which began in the 1980s. After defining indices of domestic and external financial liberalization, we analyze how these variables affected the banking crisis (measured as the degree of credit crunch) and the currency crisis (measured as the foreign exchange market pressure). The empirical evidence from Korea show that it is too naive to insist that the capital account liberalization was a major cause for currency crisis. It turns out to be groundless that the banking crisis resulted in the currency crisis. Meanwhile, deregulation of interest rate in Korea seems to have substantially affected the banking crisis.

Monte Carlo 방법을 이용한 대기오염 배출률 예측의 불확실성 평가

정효준,김은한,서경석,황원태,한문희 한국환경과학회 2006 한국환경과학회지 Vol.15 No.4

삼차신경통으로 발현된 소뇌교각부의 표피양낭종 : 2례 증례보고

심재준,김범태,임수빈,신원한,최순관,변박장 대한신경외과학회 1997 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.26 No.8

경량 고강도 Mg-Zn계합금의 조직과 내식성에 관한 연구

안효준,남태현,임수근,안인섭,허보영,김기원 慶尙大學校 1995 論文集 Vol.34 No.1

The purpose in this study is to develope of high strength and corrosion reistant Mg-Zn system alloys by controlling microstructures and by adding of Cu elements. To produce optimum tesile strength,it is imperative to obtain effective grain refinment during casting. Optimal condition for grain size refining effect was obtained at the minmum composotion of 2wt% Cu or 1.5wt%So addition to Mg-6wt%Zn alloy.Age hardening behavior was experimented at the optimal compositions of the Mg-6wt%Zn, Mg-6wt%Zn-2wt%Cu and Mg-6wt%Zn-1.5wt%Si. The hardeness increment due to age hardening was at the Mg-Zn-Si alloy system. The improvement of corrosion resistanece by the addition with Cu is related to and increasing Zn/Cu ration in the intermatallic particles in the Mg-Zn system.Further improvements obtained by T6 treatment are related to the properties of the Mg-Zn phase,whih acts as a corrosion barrier by precipitating along the grainboundaries.Filiform corrosion observed soon after pit initiation and cellular form of pit propagation later in chloride media are explained in terms of solid solution matrix structure and the properties of air formed oxide.The information obtained from the fundamental research work is utilized in suggesting ways of improving the corrosion resistance of commercial AZ91.

상담사례 연구(1) : 말더듬을 호소하며 찾아온 내담자

李泰健,元俊載 仁荷大學校 學生生活硏究所 1994 學生生活硏究 Vol.14 No.-

기능성 Catechol-O-Methyltransferase 유전자 다형성과 한국인 정신분열병의 관련성

박태원,홍영준,박임순,김형섭,최인미,배수영,윤경식,강대희 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.4

연구목적 : Catechol-O-Methyltransferase(COMT)는 카테콜아민 신경전달물질의 불활성화를 담당하는 효소로서, 정신분열병과 관련된 후보 유전자로서 알려져 왔다. 최근, 기능성 COMT유전자 다형성과 정신분열병의 관련성이 제기되었는데, 한국인 정신분열병에서도 이러한 관련성이 있는지를 살피기 위해 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 정신분열병으로 진단된 환자군 103명과 성별 및 연령별로 1:1 짝짓기 대조군 사이에 유전자형과 대립유전자의 분포를 비교하였다. 또한, 환자군은 공격적 행동, 가족력, 아동기 발병 여부에 따라 두 군으로 나누어 비교하였다. DNA의 다형성 부의를 중합효소연쇄반응에 의해 증폭한 후 ,NlaⅢ제한효소법과 전기영동을 실시하여 유전자형을 판별하였다. 결 과 : 환자군 전체와 대조군 사이에 유전자형과 대립유전자 빈도의 차이가 없었다. 가족력이 있는 환자군을 대조군과 비교하였을 때는, 대립유전자 L을 포함하는 유전자형과 그렇지 않은 유전자형의 분포에 있어 유의한 차이를 보였다(p=0.02, OR=3.9, 95% Cl=1.1∼14.3). 결 론 : 한국인 정신분열병과 기능성 COMT 유전자 다형성 사이에 유의한 관련성이 없었다. 따라서, 기능성 COMT 유전자 다형성이 한국인 정신분열병의 발병에 영향을 주지 못한다. 그러나, 정신분열병 가족력과 기능성 COMT유전자 다형성의 관련성이 시시돠어, 향후 본 연구에서 나타난 방법론적인 문제점을 보완하고 추가 대상자를 확보한 연구가 필요하다. Objectives : Catechol-O-methyltransferase(COMT) is involved in the degradation of catecholamine meurotransmitters and has been investigated as a candidate gene in schizophrenia. Recently, possible relationship between functional COMT gene polymorphism and schizophrenia has been suggested. To address the possible role of functional COMT gene polymorphism in the predisposition to schizophrenia, we carried out an association study in Korean schizophrenic patients and controls. Methods : One hundred and three Korean inpatients diagnosed as schizophrenia and 103 age and sex matched controls were selected as study subjects. Patients were subgrouped into two groups on the basis of history of aggressive behavior, family history of schizophrenia and related disorders, and age at onset. We determined COMT genotypes using PCR of the relevant region followed by digestion with NlaⅢ and electrophoresis. Results : No significant differences of allele and genotype frequencies were noted between patients and controls. However, when patients were categorized by the presence of family history of schizophrenia and related disorders, patients with family history showed almost 4 fold higher frequency of having COMT L allele containing genotype compared to controls(p=0.02, OR=3.9, 9.5% CI=1.10-14.33). Conclusion : Although our results do not support an association between functional polymorphism of COMT gene and schizophrenia overall, the findings suggest an association between functional COMT gene polymorphism and familial schizophrenia. Further studies with large samples are needed to confirm this association.

능동 클램프 ZVS 플라이백 컨버터의 역률개선에 관한 연구

최태영,류동균,이우석,안정준,원충연,김수석 성균관대학교 2002 학술회의지원논문목록집 Vol.2002 No.-

본 논문에서는 single-stage, two-stage 두가지 역률보상(PFC)기법을 기존의 능동 클램프 플라이백 컨버터에 적용하여 역률 개선을 하였다. 삽입된 플라이백 컨버터의 능동클램프회로가 주스위치와 보조스위치의 영전압스위칭(ZVS)을 구현하며, 스위칭 손실을 줄임으로써 고효율을 얻을 수 있고, 높은 주파수에서의 스위칭이 가능하다. 하지만 일반적으로 사용되는 다이오드정류기, 평활용커패시터에 의한 낮은 역률의 문제점이 남아있다. 본 논문에서는 300W급 능동 클램프ZVS플라이백 컨버터를 설계하여 single-stage, two-stage방식을 적용, 입력역률개선을 시뮬레이션과 실험에 의해 입증하고자 한다. This paper analyzed PFC of active clamp ZVS flyback converter by adding two method PFC (Power Factor Correction) circuit - two-stage and single-stage. The addition of active clamp circuit also provide a mechanism for achieving ZVS of both the primary and auxiliary switches. ZVS also limits the turn off di/dt of the output rectifier, reducing rectifier switching loss and switching noise, due to diode reverse recovery. As a results, the proposed converters have characteristics of the reduced switching noise and high efficiency in comparison to conventional flyback converter. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed converters improve the input PF of 300W ZVS flyback converter by adding single-stage, two-stage PFC circuit.

동아시아 通貨統合의 유형과 예상효과

金泰俊,柳在元,타카키, 신지 한국금융연구원 2002 금융연구 Vol.16 No.2

본 연구는 3국 거시경제모형을 이용하여 정책당국이 대내외균형달성을 목표로 한다고 할 때 동아시아지역에서의 통화통합 추진이 회원국들의 사회적 후생에 어떠한 효과를 가져올 것인지 분석하였다. 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 통화통합의 예상효과는 통화통합의 형태 및 해당국가의 공급충격의 크기와 분산, 그리고 노동조합이 추구하는 실질임금의 상승률이 중요한 역할을 담당한다. 둘째, 현재와 같은 경제구조하에서 통화통합을 추진한다면 한국의 경우 ACU페그,엔통용, 그리고 단일통화 통화동맹 어느 것이나 변동환율제도보다 바람직하다고 할 수 있다. 또한 ACU페그가 엔통용제도나 단일통화 통화통합제도보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 일본의 경우는 단일통화 통화통합이 변동환율제도보다 열등하다, 따라서 자국통화정책의 자율성을 포기하여야 하는 단일통화 통화통합에 대해서 일본은 부정적인 입장을 취할 것으로 예상된다. 넷째,향후 아시아 개도국들의 경제구조가 일본에 수렴한다고 할 때, 변동환율제도의 상대적 우월성이 증가하지만, 엔통용을 제외한 ACU퍼그나 단일통화 통화통합의 경우도 변도완율제도와 비교하여 손색이 없는 것으로 나타났다. This paper analyzes the costs and benefits of East Asian Monetary Integration by evaluating the changes in the social welfare of participating countries. Using a three-country model and numerical calibration, we explicitly derive and show how the social welfare represented by internal and external balances differ depending on the specific types of monetary integration: the ACU peg, yenization and monetary union. Because Asian developing countries can import macroeconomic stability from Japan, all of the above three types can improve the welfare compared to the current flexible exchange rate regime. Japan, however, becomes worse off under the symmetric monetary integration, that is, currency union, which demands complete cessation of monetary autonomy. Therefore, the ACU peg remains the only viable alternative for East Asian monetary integration in the short run. As regional economic integration deepens in the long run, however, the feasibility of symmetric monetary integration is expected to increase.

조기위암의 임상적 연구

박태준,양은수,류종철,박태군,이희승,신원창,이진호,김관엽 인제대학교 1994 仁濟醫學 Vol.15 No.1

1989년 9월부터 1993년 7월까지 인제대학교 의과대학 상계백병원에서 실시한 위내시경 소견이 조기위암이며 내시경 직시하 생검결과 선암으로 판명되어, 근치적 위절제술을 시행받은 23명의 환자에서 임상적 특징을 알아보고, 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. The incidence and mortality rate of stomach cancer ranks well ahead of all malignancies in Korea. The prognosis is excellent in early gastric cancer of which the overall 5 years survival rate of 85∼95% is comparative with that of advanced gastric cancer of 15∼49%. So early detection with very sensitive mordality of gastroscope and surgery is the only premise to decrease the mortality rate of gastric cancer. This report deals with the clinical aspects of 23 cases of early gastric cancer, which were confirmed with histopathologic examination of resected stomach during the 4 years from September 1989 to July 1993 at Sanggye Paik hospital, Seoul, Korea. Out of 23 cases of early gastric cancer, 14 cases were male, 9 cases were female, and the male to female ratio was 1.6 : 1. The most common type of early gastric cancer was talc type(43.5%), IIc and its combined type comprised most of them(87.0%). The most prevalent sloe of lesion was gastric angle(43.5%) and the most common direction was lesser curvature(73.9%) 19 cases of 23(78.3%) were between 1∼3cm in size, and there was no statistical significance between the size of the lesion and lymph node metastasis. Of the 9 cases with mucosal lesion, there were 2 cases with lymph node metastasis(22.2%), but 7cases(50.0% ) of 14 cases with submucosal lesion presented lymph node metastasis. Diagnostic accuracy of endoscopy on detection of early gastric cancer was 17 cases(73.9%) of total 23 cases in our study. As with other report, histopathulogic examination of resected stomach revealed adenocarcinoma, tubular type as the most common type. Frequent complaint of patients with early gastric cancer was epigastric pain(65.2%), and duration of the symptom was less than 12 months in 17 cases(73.1%) of 23 patients with early gastric cancer.