Furosemide에 의한 소디움 운반체 발현의 변화

오윤규 ( Yoon Kyu Oh ),나기영 ( Ki Young Na ),이재욱 ( Jay Wook Lee ),장혜련 ( Hye Ryun Chang ),박영선 ( Young Sun Park ),박정환 ( Jung Hwan Park ),주권욱 ( Kwon Wook Joo ),김근호 ( Gheun Ho Kim ),이정상 ( Jung Sang Lee ),한진석 ( 대한신장학회 2003 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.22 No.2

배경 : 임상에서 흔히 사용하는 이뇨제 furosemide는 비후상행각에서 Na+-K+-2CI- cotranspoter (NKCC2)를 억제하여 NaCl 재흡수를 차단하여 이뇨작용을 나타낸다. Furosemide를 장기간 투여하면 내성과 대사성 알카리증의 부작용이 발생할 수 있는데, 이는 집합관에 도달하는 소디움 증가와 관련 있을 가능성이 있다. 방법 : 저자들은 furosemide의 내성이나 부작용이 집합관 상피 소디움 통로 (ENaC) 단백발현의 변화와 관련이 있는지를 확인하고자, Sprague-Dawley rat에서 farosemide (12 mg/day)을 7일간 지속적 피하 주입한 후 반정량적 immunoblotting과 면역조직화학법을 이용하여 NKCC2, Na +-CL- cotransporter (NCC), ENaC 단백의 발현을 관찰하였다. 실험기간 동안 수분과 전해질 용액 (0.8% NaCl & 0.1% KCl)을 자유롭게 섭취하도록 하여 체액 감소를 방지하였다. 결과 : 부형약 (vehicle)을 투여한 대조군에 비하여, furosemide를 투여한 군에서 각각 요량과 요 소디움 배설이 증가하였으나, 체중, 혈청 알도스테론치 및 크레아티닌 청소율은 차이가 없었다. Furosemid 투여 후 NKCC2 단백은 피질 (151±10 vs. 100±10%, p<0.05)과 외수질 (122±5 vs. 100±3%, p<0.01)에서 증가해 있었다. ENaC 단백은 세 가지 subunit 모두 furosemide 투여 후 대조군에 비하여 피질 (α:187±25 vs. 100±22%, p<0.05; β:155±8 vs. 100±15%, p<0.05; γ:168±16 vs. 100±9%, p<0.05)과 외수질 (α:171±27 vs. 100±17%, p<0.05; β :986±91 vs. 100±33%, p<0.01; γ :242±24 vs. 100±22%, p<0.01)에서 증 가하였다. 면역조직화학법에서도 furosemide를 투여한 군의 집합관 주세포에서 ENaC β-subunit가 더 강하게 염색되었다. 결론 : 이상에서 장기간 furosemide 투여시 집합관 ENaC 발현이 증가하며, 이러한 원위부네프론의 적응 반응이 이뇨제 내성을 유발하는데 기여할 것으로 생각한다. Background : Furosemide inhibit NaCl absorption in the thick ascending limb and produce an increase in distal delivery of Na+. We carried out semiquantitative immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry of rat kidneys to investigate whether chronic furosemide infusion is associated with compensatory increases in the abundance of Na+ transporters in distal nephron. Methods : Osmotic minipumps were implanted into Sprague-Dawley rats to deliver 12 mg/day of furosemide(n=6) with simultaneous administration of 0.8% NaCl and 0.1% KCl in drinking water for 7days. Results : Compared with vehicle infused controls, urine volume and urine sodium amount were increased. However, there were no differences in body weight, serum aldosterone, and creatinine clearance. The abundance of Na+-K+-2CI - cotransporter after furosemide infusion was increased in cortex (151±10 vs. 100±10%, p<0.05) and outer medulla (122±5 vs. 100±3%, p<0.01). In furosemide infusion group, the abundance of all three subunits of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) was increased both in cortex (α:187±25 vs. 100±17%, p<0.05; β:155±8 vs. 100±15%, p<0.05; γ :168±16 vs. 100±9%, p<0.05) and outer medulla (α:171±27 vs. 100±17%, p<0.05; β :986±91 vs. 100±33%, p<0.01; γ :242±24 vs. 100±22%, p<0.01). Consistent with these results, ENaC β-subunit immunohistochemistry showed a remarkable increase in immunoreactivity in the principal cells of collecting ducts with furosemide treatment. Conclusion : These increases in the abundance of ENaC protein may account for the generation of diuretic tolerance.

가평 전주이씨묘 출토복식 고찰

최연우,박윤미,김윤경,김지희,박양희,이선우,차서연,편나영,황혜남,Choi, Yeon Woo,Park, Yoon Mee,Kim, Yoon Gyung,Kim, Ji Hee,Park, Yang Hee,Lee, Seon U,Cha, Seo Yeon,Pyeon, Na Young,Hwang, Hye Nam 한국의류학회 2017 한국의류학회지 Vol.41 No.5

In 1995, the costumes were restored in an unknown woman's tomb at the Jeonju Lee's family cemetery in Gapyeong, Gyeonggi-Do, and there are currently nine items remaining. In this study, we first introduced these 9 relics to academia and analyzed the morphological characteristics of the costumes. We also estimated the time and person of burial compared with costumes unearthed from other burials. Jeogories (short jacket) are all four items. One of these items was unusual in shape, and the upper part of the seop (gusset) was wrinkled and shaped. This type of Jeogori appears only till the 1520s in other tombs. There are also two skirts, one of which is characterized by a superimposed pattern. The top and bottom / middle part of the skirt were rolled up, and the skirt, which was double-rolled up in this way, was first discovered. An analysis of the shape of Jeogori and skirt indicated that the person buried in the Jeonju Lee's family tomb was believed to have survived until the early 16th century. Based on these estimated periods, as a result of looking at the genealogy of Jeonju Lee's family, it was concluded that the tomb was probably a woman named Lee Geum Myeong (李金命) born in the mid-15C and died between the late 15C and the early 16C.

Hierarchically nanoporous pyropolymer nanofibers for surface-induced sodium-ion storage

Yoon, Hyeon Ji,Lee, Min Eui,Kim, Na Rae,Yang, Seung Jae,Jin, Hyoung-Joon,Yun, Young Soo Pergamon Press 2017 Electrochimica Acta Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Surface-driven charge storage materials based on both electrochemical double layer (EDL) formation and pseudocapacitive behavior can deliver high energy and power capabilities with long-lasting cycling performance. On the other hand, the electrochemical performance is strongly dependent on the material properties, requiring sophisticated electrode design with a high active surface area and a large number of redox-active sites. In this study, hierarchically nanoporous pyropolymer nanofibers (HN-PNFs) were fabricated from electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers by simple heating with KOH. The HN-PNFs have a hierarchically nanoporous structure and an exceptionally high specific surface area of 3,950.7m<SUP>2</SUP> g<SUP>−1</SUP> as well as numerous redox-active heteroatoms (C/O and C/N ratio of 10.6 and 16.8, respectively). These unique material properties of HN-PNFs resulted in high reversible Na-ion capacity of ∼292mAhg<SUP>−1</SUP> as well as rapid kinetics and stable cycling performance in the cathodic potential range (1-4.5V vs. Na<SUP>+</SUP>/Na). Furthermore, energy storage devices based on HN-PNFs showed a remarkably high specific energy of ∼258 Wh kg<SUP>−1</SUP> at ∼245Wkg<SUP>−1</SUP> as well as a high specific power of ∼21,500Wkg<SUP>−1</SUP> at ∼78 Wh kg<SUP>−1</SUP>, with long and stable cycling behaviors over 2,000 cycles.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Hierarchically nanoporous pyropolymer nanofibers (HN-PNFs) were fabricated. </LI> <LI> HN-PNFs have a high specific surface area of ∼3,950m<SUP>2</SUP> g<SUP>−1</SUP> and numerous heteroatoms. </LI> <LI> HN-PNFs exhibit high capacities of ∼292mAhg<SUP>−1</SUP> and great rate/cycling performances. </LI> <LI> High energy (258Whkg<SUP>−1</SUP>) and high power (21,500Wkg<SUP>−1</SUP>) are achieved. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Hierarchically nanoporous pyropolymer nanofibers (HN-PNFs) fabricated from electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers by simple heating with KOH exhibited high electrochemical performance for Na-ion storage.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

폐내 기관지 낭종

이석열,이숭진,박형주,이철세,이길노,김윤정,나주옥 순천향의학연구소;Soonchunhyang Medical Research Institute 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.2

A 33-year-old female was admitted to our hospital due to removal of lung mass which indicentally detected Chest radiography. Chest computerized tomography revealed lung parenchymal cystic lesion. Open thoracotomy was done for diagnosis and therapy. Cystic lesion was communicated to bronchus and wedge resection including cystic lesion was done. Bronchogenic cyst is congenital disease and mainly locate in mediastinum. It is rare in lung parenchyme. Herein we report a case of intrapulmonary bronchogenic cyst.

Hyperglycemia 환자에서의 TNA (Total Nutrient Admixture) 효과

윤정이,김진선,나현오,이명덕 한국병원약사회 1998 병원약사회지 Vol.15 No.1

This study investigate whether hyperglycemia patient's nutrition and glucose tolerance that were failed by IVH(Intra Venous Hyperalimentation) are improved by TNA(Total Nutrient Admixture). This research was conducted from March 1995 to October 1996 with 21 patients ; ① group A was treated with TNA administration after IVH(12 patients), ② group B was started with TNA(9 patients). As a result of observing glucose, insulin dose and nutritional condition retropectively before and after TNA administration, ① the glucose of group A - mean glucose was 289.4±82.71 before IVH administration and was 332.2±66.3 after IVH administration - decreased to 261.3±73.31 after a week, 237.9±45.40 after 2 weeks and 187.7±51.1(㎎/㎗) after 3 weeks ; ② the mean glucose of group B also decreased to 180.8±60.0 after TNA administration - before was 229.9±93.7(㎎/㎗) ; ③ insulin dose went down after TNA administration than before ; ④ the nitrogen balances of group A and B showed both positive conditions - the nitrogen balances of group A were 0.6±3.9 and 3.0±3.2 respectively when finished IVH and TNA administration, and group B was 1.7±4.6.

DESIGN OF DELAY-TOLERANT CONTROLLER FOR REMOTE CONTROL OF NUCLEAR REACTOR POWER

YOON JOON LEE,MAN GYUN NA1 한국원자력학회 2009 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.41 No.1

One of main concepts involved in regional small nuclear reactors is unmanned remote control. Internet-based virtual private networks provide environments for the remote monitoring and control of geographically-dispersed systems, and with the advances in communication technologies, the potential of networks for real time control and automation becomes enormous. However, networked control has some problems. The most critical is delay in signal transmission, which degrades system stability and performance. Therefore, a networked control system should be designed to account for delay. This paper proposes some design approaches for a delay-tolerant system that can guarantee predetermined stability margins and performance. To accomplish this, the reactor plant is modeled with consideration of uncertainties. With this model, three kinds of controllers are developed using different methods. The designed systems are compared with respect to stability and performance, and a second-order controller designed using the table lookup method was found to give the most satisfactory results.

장기간 이뇨제 투여에 따른 요 산성화 능력과 집합관 H^(+)-ATPase 발현의 변화

김근호,나기영,한진석,오윤규,이정상,주권욱,엄재호 대한신장학회 2002 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.21 No.2

목 적 : 저자들은 임상에서 흔히 사용하면서 대사성 알칼리증을 유발할 수 있는 furosemide와 hydrochlorothiazide를 장기간 투여할 때 발생하는 요 산성화능의 변화를 관찰하고, 이에 동반하여 근위세관 및 헨리고리관의 NHE3와 집합관의 H^(+)-ATPase 단백 발현에 변화가 있는지 조사하고자 하였다. 방 법 : Sprague-Dawley rat에서 수분과 전해질 용액을 자유롭게 섭취시키면서 furosemide12 mg/day/rat 혹은 hydrochlorothiazide 7.5 mg/day/rat을 각각 7일간 지속적 피하 주입시킨 후 신장에서 반정량적 immunoblot 분석을 시행하여 대조군과 비교하였다. 결 과 : Furosemide 투여 후 대조군과 실험군 사이에 체중, 혈청 알도스테론 및 크레아티닌청소율은 차이가 없었다. 요량 및 요 소디움 배설은 furosemide 투여 후 현저하게 증가하였다. 요 pH가 furosemide 투여 후 감소하였고, 요 암모늄 배설은 furosemide 투여 후 증가하였다. 반정량적 immunoblot 분석 결과 furosemide 투여 후 신 피질의 NHE3 발현에 유의한 변화는없었으나, 신 외수질의 NHE3 발현은 실험군(182±25%)에서 대조군(100±25%)에 비해 증가하였다(p<0.05). 또한, H^(+)-ATPase B1 subunit 발현은 furosemide 투여 후 신 피질(대조군100±13%, 실험군 178±11%, p<0.01)과 신 외수질(대조군 100±29%, 실험군 239±24%, p<0.05)에서 모두 증가하였다. Hydrochlorothiazide 투여 실험에서도 요량 및 요 소디움 배설의 증가와 요 pH의 감소를 확인하였다. 신 피질과 외수질의 NHE3 발현은 hydrochlorothiazide투여 후 변화 없었으나, H^(+)-ATPase B1 subunit 발현은 신 피질(대조군 100±24%, 실험군212±27%, p<0.05)과 신 외수질(대조군 100±13%, 실험군 194±13%, p<0.01)에서 모두 증가하였다. 결 론 : 장기간 furosemide 혹은 hydrochlorothiazide 투여에 의해 원위 요 산성화 능력의 항진을 확인하였고, 이는 집합관 H^(+)-ATPase 단백 발현이 증가하여 발생한 결과로 설명할 수 있을 것으로 생각한다. Purpose : Commonly used diuretics such as furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide may cause metabolic alkalosis by increasing proton secretion from distal nephron. We evaluated changes in urinary acidification and abundance of proton-secreting transporters in response to chronic subcutaneous infusion of diuretics. Methods : Osmotic minipumps were implanted into Sprague-Dawley rats to deliver 12 mg/day furoemide or hydrochlorothiazide 7.5 mg/day for 7 days. All animals were offered tap water and a solution containing 0.8% NaCl and 0.1% KCl as drinking fluid. Results : Compared with vehicle-infused controls, diuretic and natriuretic responses were evident from furosemide or hydrochlorothiazide infusion. However, there were no changes in body weight, serum aldosterone and creatinine clearance between diureticinfused( n=6) and control(n=6) rats. In both furosemide- infused and hydrochlorothiazide-infused rats, urine pH was significantly lowered compared with controls. Furosemide-infused rats showed significantly larger excretion of urinary ammonium. Semiquantitative immunoblotting was carried out from rat kidneys to investigate abundance of proximal tubule or medullary thick ascending limb Na^(+)/H^(+) exchanger type 3(NHE3) and collecting duct H^(+)- ATPase using specific polyclonal antibodies to NHE3 and H^(+)-ATPase B1 subunit, respectively. The abundance of NHE3 from cortical homogenates was not changed by either furosemide or hydrochlorothiazide infusion. However, the abundance of NHE3 from outer medullary homogenates was increased by furosemide infusion. The H^(+)-ATPase B1 subunit abundance was increased by furosemide or hydrochlorothiazide infusion in both cortical and outer medullary homogenates. Conculsion : These increases in the abundance of proton-secreting transporters may account for the enhanced distal urinary acidification in response to chronic diuretic administration. (Korean J Nephrol 2002;21(2):222-231)

자궁근종절제술후 임신율에 관한 연구

김원회,윤만수,나용진,이병민,박동희 대한산부인과학회 1993 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.36 No.8

1981년 1월부터 1990년 12월 사이 부산대학교병원 산부인과에서 자궁근종절제술을 시행받은 71명의 환자를 대상으로 임상적 분석과 수술후 임신성공 여부 임신경과를 조사하고 임신율에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 검토 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 총 대상환자 71명중 자궁근종절제술 후 임신된 경우는 26명으로서 36.6%의 임신율을 보였으며, 이 중 불임을 주소로한 환자에 있어서는 33명중 19명이 임신이 되어 57.6% 임신율을 보였다. 2. 환자의 연령이 35세미만인 경우 임신율은 46.2%(24/52)로서 35세이상인 경우 10.5%(2/19)의 임신율보다 유의하게 높았다(p$lt;0.005). 3. 1회이상 임신을 경험한 경우 임신율을 32.6%(15/46)였고, 전혀 임신경험이 없는 경우의 임신율은 44.0%(11/25)를 보였으나 양군사이의 임신율의 차이는 없었다(p$gt;0.4) 4. 불임을 주소로한 경우 원발성불임인 경우 임신율이 65.0%(13/20)로 속발성불임인 경우의 46.2%(6/13)보다 유의하게 높았다(p$lt;0.05). 5. 불임기간이 2년미만의 경우 모두 임신이 되어 100%(11/11)의 임신율을 보여 불임기간이 2년이상의 임신율 36.7%(8/22)보다 유의하게 높았다(p$lt;0.001) 6. 자궁근종의 크기에 따른 임신율의 유의한 차이는 없었다(p$gt;0.05). 7. 자궁근종의 수에 따른 임신율의 유의한 차이는 없었다(p$gt;0.1). 8. 자궁체부근종인 경우 임신율이 38.7%(24/62)였고, 자궁경부근종인 경우의 임신율은 22.2%(2/9)로 양군사이의 임신율의 차이는 없었다(p$gt;0.5). 9. 임신된 26예중 20예(76.9%)가 수술후 24개월내에 임신이 되었다. 10. 수술후 임신이된 후의 유산율은 15.4%였다. 이상의 결과로서 임신능력을 증가시키고 보존시키기 위해 자궁근종절제술을 시행함에 있어 자궁근 종의 크기, 수, 위치 등에 따른 임신율에는 별 차이가 없으나, 환자의 연령, 불임의 원인, 불임기간 등은 임신율에 영향을 미칠 것으로 사료된다. From January, 1981 to December, 1990, seventy-one patients who had an operation for abdominal myomectomy at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan Na-tional University Hospital were reviewed for clinical analyses,pregnancy success and the factors affected to the pregnancy rate. The results were as follows: 1. Twenty-six of the 71 patients conceived after myomectomy, the overall pregnancy rate was 36.6%, and the pregnancy rate in patients complained infertility was 57.6% 2. The anemia with hemoglobin rangd 7.0 to 9.9 gm% was found in 19.7% 3. The patinets younger than 35 years showed significantly higher pregnancy rate than those older than 35years (46.2% vs 10.5%, P$lt;0.05) 4. The pregnancy rate in patients with primary infertility showed significantly higher than that in patients with secondary infertility(65.0% vs 46.2%, P$lt;0.05). 5. The patients with less than 2 years of infertility showed a higher pregnancy rate after myomectomy than those with more than 2 years of infertility(100% vs 36.7%, P$lt;0,001). 6. The gravity did not influenced the pregnancy rate after myomectomy(P$lt;0.4) 7. The number, size and location of the myomas did not influenced the pregnancy rate after myomectomy(P$lt;0.05). 8. Of 26 patients who became pregnant following myomectomy, 20 patients(76.9%) did so with two years after myomectomy. 9. The abortion rate after myomectomy was 15.4%

혈액투석 환자에게서 발생한 재생불량성 빈혈 1예

정지용,윤나라,강대웅,오종찬,장재현,선길홍,박경희,정종훈,김현리 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2005 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.30 No.1

Aplastic anemia is a disease characterized by pancytopenia in the peripheral blood and hypocellular bone marrow with the fatty infiltration. The causes of the acquired aplastic anemia were usually related to drugs and immune-related diseases. A 34-years old man was admitted due to general weakness. He has been going hemodialysis for 2 years because of end stage renal disease (ESRD) due to chronic glomerulonephritis. At admission, laboratory tests showed hemoglobin 6.2 g/dL, hematocrit 18.0 %, WBC 5,710mm (neutrophil 71.8%, lymphocyte 19.1%, monocyte 5.9%), reticulocyte 1.9%, platelet 93,000/mm, Fe 12.8 ug/dL, TIBC 204 ug/dL, ferritin 941.47 ng /ml, haptoglobin 0.72 g/L, vitamin B12 508.17 pmol/L, folate 24 ng/mL, total protein 6.54 g/dL, albumin 3.76 g/dL, Alk. pohsphatase 79 IU/L, AST 30.0 IU/L, ALT 39.7 IU/L, total bilirubin 0.57 mg/dl, BUN 79.4 mg/dl and creatinine 10.18 mg/dl. Peripheral blood smear showed the normocytic normochromic anemia with anisocytosis. Anemia was diagnosed but it was irresponsive to the recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) and blood transfusion. In the bone marrow aspiration smear were there the hypoplastic myeloid and erythroid precursors. The bone marrow biopsy section showed the hypoplasia of all components (10-20%) and the fatty infiltration. We have experienced one case of the idiopathic aplastic anemia in a patient going through hemodialysis and we just report it with documentary records. 저자들은 혈액 투석 중인 환자에서 약물, 면역계 이상등의 원인을 발견할 수 없었음에도 재생 불량성 빈혈이 발생한 1예를 경험하여 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

무전해 Co-W-P 도금층의 자기적 특성

김창욱,윤성렬,한승희,나재훈,이창재 광운대학교 신기술연구소 1998 신기술연구소논문집 Vol.27 No.-

합금박막형 자기기록매체의 제작방법은 스퍼터링과 무전해 도금방법이 주로 이용되고 있으며, 미국이나 일본등에서는 스퍼터링 방법에 비하여 대량생산이 용이하고. 도금조건에 따라 다양한 특성의 합금박막을 제조할 수있는 무전해 도금방법을 이용한 합금자성박막에 대하여 많은 연구를 하고 있지만 국내에서는 이에 관한 연구가매우 미약한 실정이다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 차아인산이수소나트륨을 환원제로 사용한 무전해 도금법을 이용하여 corning glass 2948 유리기판 위에 Co-W-P 도금충을 제조할 때, pH 및 온도에 따른 석출속도, 합금조성 및 미세구조와 자기적 특성을 고찰하였다 무전해 Co-W-P 도금충의 경우는 자기적 특성에서 보자력은 5000e, 각형비는 0.6 정도의 경향을 보였지만, 결정배향에 있어서는 α-Co (0002) 방향으로 우선 배향하여 수직자화벡터를 형성함을 확인할 수 있었으며, 합금조성에 있어 인(P)의 함량은 0.8±0.2%로 일정하였고, W의 석출량은 Na_2W0_4의 농도가 증가할수록 증가하여 0.1mol/L일 때 20%이였다 수소가스를 이용한 환원분위기에서100℃간격으로 1시간씩 400℃까지 열처리에 따른 자기적 특성과 미세구조의 변화를 확인하여 본 결과Co-W-P 는 열처리에 따라 표면의 평활도는 향상되었지만, 자기적 특성과 미세구조에는 아무런 변화가 없었다. Usually sputtering and electroless plating methods were used for manufacturing metal-alloy thin film magnetic memory devices. Since electroless plating method has many merits in mass production and product variety compared to sputtering method, many researches about electroless plating have been Performed in the United State of America and Japan. However, electroless plating method has not much been studied in Korea. In these respects the purpose of this research is manufacturing Co-W-P alloy thin film on the corning glass 2948 by electroless plating method using sodium hypophosphite as a reductant, and analyzing deposition rate. alloy composition. microstructure, and magnetic characteristics at various pH's and temperatures. For Co-W-P alloy thin film. coercive force was 5000e and squareness was 0.6. For crystal orientation, (0002) orientation of α-Co was dominatly found. Then we could confirm the formation of perpendicular magnetization. The content of P was constant at 0.8±0.2% and the content of W increased as the concentration of Na_2W0_4 increased. When the concentration ofNa_2W0_4 was 0.1 mol/L. the composition of W was 20%. We observed the changes of magnetic characteristics and microstructure of thin film depositions of Co-W-P by the heat treatment. For heat treatment, the temperature was increased step by step to l00℃, 200℃. 300℃, and 400℃.and it took 1 hour at each step in the reductive condition of hydrogen gas. By the heat treatment. flatness of surface was improved, but there were no changes on the magnetic characteristics and the microstructures.