Derivation of Site-specific Derived Concentration Guideline Levels at Korea Research Reactor-1&2 Sites

김근호,도태관,권재,류강우,김광표 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.2

The objective of this study was to derive derived concentration guideline levels (DCGLs) reflecting thesite-specific characteristics of KRR-1&2. A total of 7 nuclides (H-3, C-14, Co-60, Sr-90, Cs-137, Eu-152, andEu-154) were selected for DCGLs derivation. Radiation dose at the sites was evaluated with RESRADONSITE program. The dose contribution due to direct external exposure was the highest during theentire evaluation period. Ingestion had the second effect. The DCGLs of Co-60 was derived to be 0.051 Bq/g, and DCGLs of Cs-137 was 0.193 Bq/g. The DCGLs of H-3 showed the highest value of 129 Bq/g. The ratioof DCGLs derived by applying site-specific values and default values ranged from 0.27 to 19.6. For sixnuclides excluding H-3, KRR-1&2 sites and the overseas NPP sites showed similar DCGLs. H-3 showedlarge differences in DCGLs from this study and overseas NPPs. The large difference resulted from inputparameter values applied to the sites. In conclusion, it is critical to apply site-specific parameter valuesreflecting the site characteristics to derive DCGLs for decommissioned site clearance. The result of thisstudy can be used as a reference for nuclide selection and DCGLs derivation reflecting the site characteristics when decommissioning nuclear facilities, including nuclear power plants in Korea

염분 섭취가 NSAID 유발 나트륨 저류에 미치는 영향:원위 네프론 나트륨 운반체의 역할

김근호,서장원,김소영,주권욱,이재욱,한진석,전은실 대한신장학회 2003 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.22 No.5

Background:Sodium retention occurs in some patients taking NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Although the renal effects of NSAIDs are predominantly mediated through the inhibition of prostaglandins synthesized by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the mechanisms of sodium retention are not clear at the sodium transporter levels in the kidney. Previous studies have shown that compensatory upregulation of COX-2 is induced in renal medulla by high salt intake and that NSAID-induced sodium retention may be transitory. Methods:To investigate whether renal sodium transporter abundances are altered by NSAID administration and whether renal sodium transporter abundances are affected by high salt intake or chronic NSAID administration, we performed an acute study treated with a single injection of diclofenac and another chronic study treated with 7 days' administration of DFU, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, using semiquantitative immunobotting from rat kidneys. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups in each study:controls, NSAID treatment, and high-salt intake plus NSAID treatment. The control diet contained sodium 1 mmol/200 g BW/day, and the high-salt diet 10 mmol/200 g BW/day. Results:The acute study using diclofenac (100 mg/kg BW) increased the abundances of NKCC2 (by 73%) and ENaC-α (by 60%) in cortex and of NKCC2 (by 165%) and ENaC-α (by 91%) in outer medulla, in association with a significant decrease in urinary sodium excretion. The increased ENaC-α abundance was reversed by addition of high salt intake in both cortex and outer medulla. The chronic study using DFU (40 mg/kg/d for 7 days) showed no significant changes in distal renal sodium transporters except a decreased abundance of Na-K- ATPase α1-subunit (by 24%) in outer medulla. The addition of high salt intake decreased the abundances of ENaC-α (by 35%) and ENaC-β (by 47 %) in outer medulla. Conclusion:The abundances of thick ascending limb NKCC2 and collecting duct ENaC are altered in response to NSAID administration. It is suggested that NKCC2 & ENaC are contributory to NSAID- induced sodium retention and also have a compensatory role in high salt intake and chronic NSAID administration. (Korean J Nephrol 2003;22(5):522- 531) 목 적:나트륨 저류는 비스테로이드성 소염제 (nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, NSAID) 투여에 따른 비교적 흔한 부작용이다. 한편, 염분 섭취가 과다하면 나트륨 저류가 발생할 가능성이 증가할 것이다. NSAID에 의한 나트륨 저류 효과는 cyclooxygenase-2 저해에 의해 신장에서 prostaglandin 합성이 억제되기 때문으로 알려졌다. 그러나, prostaglandin이 신세관에 직접 작용하여 나트륨 배설을 촉진시키는 효과에 대해서는 원위 네프론의 역할이 알려져 있을 뿐 아직 그 기전이 분명하지 않다. 따라서 저자들은 NSAID 투여에 따라 발생할 수 있는 나트륨 저류의 기전에 관여하는 신세관 나트륨 운반체 역할을 조사하고, 염분 섭취가 증가할 때 단기간 혹은 장기간 나트륨 운반체 발현에 어떠한 변화가 발생하는지 밝히고자 하였다. 방 법:Sprague-Dawley rat에서 정상 염분 (Na 1 mmol/200 g BW/d) 및 고염분 (Na 10 mmol/200 g BW/d) 식이를 공급하면서 NSAID 투여에 따른 신세관의 나트륨 운반체 발현 변화를 반정량적 immunoblot으로 분석하여 대조군과 비교하였다. 결 과:일차 실험에서는 3일간 각 군에 일정한 식이를 공급한 후 diclofenac (100 mg/kg)을 1회 복강내 주사하였다. Diclofenac 투여 후 요 나트륨 배설은 대조군, 정상염분군, 고염분군에서 각각 403±77 µmol/d, 43±9 µmol/d, 2,204±646 µmol/d였다. 신장에서 시행한 반정량적 immunoblot 분석 결과, NKCC2는 피질 (73%)과 외수질 (165%)에서 모두 그 발현이 유의하게 증가하였다. ENaC α-subunit 역시 피질 (60%)과 외수질 (91%)에서 모두 그 발현이 유의하게 증가하였다. 한편, 고염분 섭취 후 diclofenac을 투여하였을 때 NKCC2의 발현 증가는 지속되었으나 ENaC α-subunit 발현 증가는 역전되었다. 이차 실험에서는 선택성 cycloxygenase-2 저해제인 DFU (40 mg/kg/d)을 7일간 경구 투여 후 조사하였다. 요 나트륨 배설은 대조군, 정상염분군, 고염분군에서 각각 933±61 µmol/d, 917±73 µmol/d, 11,698±898 µmol/d였고, 혈청 알도스테론 농도가 고염분군 (100±22 pg/mL)에서 대조군 (173±5 pg/mL)에 비해 유의하게 감소하였다. NKCC2와 ENaC의 유의한 변화는 없었고, 고염분 섭취 후 외수질 ENaC α-subunit (35%) 및 β-subunit (47%) 발현이 유의하게 감소하였다. 결 론:NSAID 투여 후 나트륨 저류 및 NKCC2와 ENaC α-subunit 발현 증가는 초기에 국한하였고, NSAID 투여와 함께 염분 섭취를 증가시키면 ENaC α-subunit 발현이 감소하였다. 따라서 NSAID 투여에 따른 신장의 나트륨 저류 및 보상 기전에 원위 네프론 나트륨 운반체 중 비후상행각 NKCC2와 집합관 ENaC이 관여할 것으로 생각한다.

대사성산증의 감별에서 음이온분획배설률의 의의

김근호,정용영,김철홍,전은실,한진석,김성권,이정상 대한신장학회 1995 춘계학술대회 초록집 Vol.1995 No.-

Characteristics of woodland changes in an urban fringe in Gwangju city

김근호 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2012 농업과학연구 Vol.39 No.2

It is widely recognised that changes in size and isolation of habitat patches have a negative impact on species richness and the distribution and persistence of populations. Thus, the aim of the research was to analyze the change,distribution and spatial characteristics of woodlands in an urban fringe landscape. The results indicated that there was a common trend of woodland loss across all landscape types while no new woodlands were established during 1976and 2009. Small patches (less than 5 ha in size) were particularly vulnerable to and more likely to disappear due to human activities such as urbanisation. Changes in woodland cover were clearly observed between 1976 and 2009. Loss of many woodlands was caused by residential and infrastructural developments. As a result, woodlands were becoming smaller and more isolated. This trend probably had adverse effects on biodiversity. This woodland information can be used to identify the potential and specific needs for conservation planning in rapidly developing urban areas.

寒洲學派의 心卽理說 批判에 대한 再批判的 論究 - 이승희·허유·곽종석·김황 등을 중심으로 -

김근호 한국유교학회 2011 유교사상문화연구 Vol. No.

Lee Jinsang[李震相, 1818~1886] announced a new theory of Mind that Mind is principle, based on Zhu Xi's philosophy and Lee Hwang's. He justified his own 'Mind is principle[心卽理]' theory from the premises that a pre-intentional and universal state before actual feelings are aroused[心之未發] is principle, that means Ki[氣] does not work and affect Li[理]. However, far from agreement with his theory of Mind, the other's school criticized severely his theory because they thought that his theory of Mind and the doctrines of Wang Yangming are the same. HanJu school[寒洲學派] refuted their criticism item-by-item, Lee Seunghui[李承熙], Heo Yu[許愈], Kwak Jongseok[郭鍾錫], and Kim Hwang[金榥] was key figures in refuting of HanJu school. First, they made clear the difference between their theory and the doctrines of Wang Yangming. They maintained that mind can unify nature and feelings but nature is the fundamental, that is to distinct between mind and nature. Second, they presented evidence for his theory of Mind not to make a scrap of difference with Lee Hwang's philosophy but inherit and develop. Finally, they criticized Neo-Confucianism to assert that Mind is material force[心是氣]. If so, Material force could control the nature and the unjust action was regard as rightness. Their counterargument was the path toward bringing the independent and active, practical human actions out sides of Neo-Confucianist in Joseon Dynasty. 'Mind is principle' was organized their purpose metaphysically. Therefore, their counterargument was of greatest importance for practice of theory and their anti-Japanese movement was for Lee Jinsang's theory on Mind. 본 논문에서는 李震相의 心卽理說과 한주학파의 심즉리설 비판에 대한 반론을 살펴보면서, 성리학적 심즉리설의 의미와 19세기 한주학파의 시대적 당위론이 무엇인지를 밝히고자 하였다. 당시 조선 성리학자들은 시대적 난국을 극복하기 위한 방안으로 대개 衛正斥邪論을 시대적 모토로 내세우거나 이보다 한걸음 더 나아가 유교종교화나 유교개혁론 등을 모색하기도 하였다. 특히 위정척사론은 ‘理 중심의 사상’[理學]을 보다 강화해 가는데, 이러한 성리학계의 학문적 경향성은 전국적인 양상으로 나타나고 있었다. 기호지역의 화서학파나 호남지역의 간재학파, 호남과 강우지역에 걸쳐 분포되었던 노사학파, 안동을 중심으로 한 영남지역의 정재학파, 성주를 중심으로 한 영남지역의 한주학파 등이 대체로 主理論에 기반한 성리설을 공유하고 있었다. 성리학적 도덕 질서의 근원이 되는 개념이 理로 상징되고 氣는 異端으로 비유될 수 있다는 측면에서 主理를 기반한 성리설은 당시 성리학자들의 시대적 당위론이라고 할 수 있다. 각 학파들이 시대적 당위론을 공유하고 있었지만, 그 구체적인 성리설에 있어서는 차이를 보이고 있었다. 특히 理를 현실에서 그대로 구현하고자 하는 성리학자들의 의지는 현실적 힘을 지닌 心에 대한 해석에 있어서 첨예한 갈등을 야기하였다. 그 대표적인 차이가 주자학과 퇴계학을 존모하며 계승하였던 이진상의 心卽理說 비판에서 두드러진다. 호남의 간재학파와 노사학파 뿐만 아니라 도산서원을 비롯해 정재학파, 안동 유림 등 영남 남인들은 퇴계학파에 속한 이진상의 ‘心卽理’를 신랄하게 비판하였다. 간재학파와 노사학파의 경우 ‘心是氣’라는 율곡학파의 心說을 충실히 계승하고 있었다는 점에서 분명 이진상과는 대립할 수밖에 없었다. 그리고 퇴계의 ‘心合理氣’를 계승하였던 퇴계 문인들에게도 한주의 心卽理說은 수용하기 어려운 심성설이다. 비록 시대적 당위론을 공유하고 있었지만 여전히 심성설의 구축 내지 강화를 위한 기반이 각 학파마다 다르기 때문이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 한주학파의 心卽理說은 강우지역의 일부 노사학파와 기호 지역의 화서학파로부터 공감대를 형성하였다. 이승희, 허유, 곽종석, 김황 등을 중심으로 한 한주문인들은 각 학파들의 비판에 대해 적극적으로 心卽理說을 변론하거나 상대방의 비판을 반비판하면서 이진상의 본지를 지키고자 하였다. 그 변론은 心卽理說에 양명학적 혐의를 두거나 퇴계학에서 벗어난 학문이라는 비판에 대한 것이었고, 반비판은 근세 유현들의 ‘心是氣’ 주장에 집중되었다. 한주문인들의 반비판은 단순히 학문적 타당성을 추구하는데 그치지 않고 그 이론적 기반을 토대로 현실 문제에 대해 주체적이고 적극적이며, 실천적인 행동으로까지 확대되었다.

MR Imaging and Ultrasonographic Findings of Tensor Fasciae Suralis Muscle: A Case Report

김근호,심재찬,이기재,이경은,김호균,서정호 대한영상의학회 2015 대한영상의학회지 Vol.73 No.4

The tensor fasciae suralis muscle is a very rare anomalous muscle located in the popliteal region. This anatomic variation has been reported often through cadaver studies. However, there are only a few radiologic reports of this entity. We presented a case of tensor fasciae suralis muscle detected as an incidental finding in magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound.

Dural Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Mimicking Meningioma: A Case Report

김근호,김기환,이기재,이채혁,이혜경,심재찬,이경은,김호균,서정호 대한영상의학회 2014 대한영상의학회지 Vol.71 No.4

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a rare T cell lymphoma composed of CD30- positive lymphoid cells. Most ALCLs present as nodal disease, with skin, bone, soft tissue, lung, and liver as common extranodal sites. ALCL rarely occurs in the central nervous system and is even more infrequent in the dura of the brain. We report a case of dural-based ALCL secondary to systemic disease in a 17-year-old male that mimicked meningioma on magnetic resonance imaging and angiography.

Characteristics of woodland changes in an urban fringe in Gwangju city

김근호,Kim, Keun-Ho Institute of Agricultural Science 2012 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.39 No.2

It is widely recognised that changes in size and isolation of habitat patches have a negative impact on species richness and the distribution and persistence of populations. Thus, the aim of the research was to analyze the change, distribution and spatial characteristics of woodlands in an urban fringe landscape. The results indicated that there was a common trend of woodland loss across all landscape types while no new woodlands were established during 1976 and 2009. Small patches (less than 5 ha in size) were particularly vulnerable to and more likely to disappear due to human activities such as urbanisation. Changes in woodland cover were clearly observed between 1976 and 2009. Loss of many woodlands was caused by residential and infrastructural developments. As a result, woodlands were becoming smaller and more isolated. This trend probably had adverse effects on biodiversity. This woodland information can be used to identify the potential and specific needs for conservation planning in rapidly developing urban areas.

Dialysis Unphysiology and Sodium Balance

김근호 전해질고혈압연구회 2009 Electrolytes & Blood Pressure Vol.7 No.2

Dialysis unphysiology was first discussed by Carl Kjellstrand in 1975 for the possible negative effects of the unphysiology of intermittent dialysis treatment. Current hemodialysis practices are still unphysiologic because they cannot keep blood chemistries within normal limits, both before and after dialysis. In addition, the discontinuous nature of hemodialysis causes saw-tooth volume fluctuations, and the extracellular fluid volume expansion during the interdialytic period may lead to hypertension and adverse cardiovascular consequences. Sodium, which is accumulated over the interdialytic period, may be divided into two fractions. The one is the fraction of osmotically active sodium which is mainly confined to the extracellular space, and the other is that of water-free (osmotically inactive) sodium which diffuses into the intracellular space. Both contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension because the former may act to expand extracellular fluid volume and the latter may cause vasoconstriction in the long run by increasing cytosolic concentration of calcium in the vascular smooth muscle cells. Even in intensive hemodialysis, it may take several weeks to months for water-free sodium storage in the vascular smooth muscle cells to be relieved. This may be an explanation for the lag phenomenon, i.e., the delay of blood pressure decrease after normalization of extracellular fluid volume shown in the Tassin experience. Modest restriction of dietary sodium intake, the dialytic session length long enough to maintain a high ultrafiltration volume, and the reasonably low dialysate sodium concentration are required to avoid unphysiology of positive sodium balance in current hemodialysis practice.

華西 李恒老의 明德 의미에 대한 考察

김근호 한국공자학회 2006 孔子學 Vol.13 No.-