골다공증의 위험인자 : 아산시 지역 주민을 대상으로

김용배,장원기,황보영,김화성,안규동,이병국,이용진,이남수,이상건,이상범,이상우,이선정,이성수 순천향대학교 2006 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.12 No.1

Objective : As the average lifespan of human increases, osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related fractures have become major health care problems. Despite recent advances in medical treatment, few studies have assessed the recognition of osteoporosis in general adults. This study examined the recognition of osteoporosis and analyzed the relating factors. Method : A population-based sample of 1086 adults in Asan-city, Korea was investigated with questionnaires and height, weight, Information regarding the general characteristics(gender, age, economic state), lifestylef exercise, smoking, alcohol),medical history(progestin, GH, steroid, calcitonin, PTH), demographic parameter, obesity, stress, and family history was collected through an interview using a structural questionnaire. The level of obesity was measured by the body mass index(BMI). BMD(Bone mineral density) at the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Osteoporosis was considered to be T-score below -2.5. Results : The prevalence of osteoporosis increased progressively with age, decreased with BMI and predominant in women by the result of x^(2) -test, T-test. Age, weight, BMI were significantly correlated with osteoporosis by the result of Pearson correlation ana1ysis(P<0.05). And age, gender, BMI, family history of osteoporosis were proved to be significant risk factors of osteoporosis by the result of multiple logistic regression(P<0.05). Conclusion : These results suggest that age, gender, BMI might be the most important risk factors of osteoporosis. And the history taking about family history of osteoporosis is helpful for diagnosing osteoporosis.

골수구성 백혈병 환자에게 발생한 결핵성 림프절염

이창섭,송진수,최평균,조재현,방지환,박경화,박완범,김홍빈,김남중,윤성수,박선양,김병국,오명돈,최강원 대한감염학회 2006 감염과 화학요법 Vol.38 No.5

혈액질환 가운데 결핵 발생이 증가한다고 알려진 것은 호지킨 림프종을 포함한 림프증식성질환 그리고 모양세포성 백혈병 등이 있다. 또한 동종 골수이식을 받은 환자에서도 결핵은 증가한다고 알려져있다. Kaplan 등은 골수구성 백혈병 환자에서 결핵 발생이 증가한다고 보고하였다. 그러나 골수구성 백혈병 환자에서 결핵의 발생이 증가하는 이유에 대해서는 아직까지 정확하게 밝혀지지 않았다. 저자들이 2년 동안 후향적으로 조사한 180명의 성인 골수구성 백혈병 환자들 가운데 결핵이 발생한 환자는 4명이었고, 발생 부위는 모두 림프절이었다. 결핵은 골수구성 백혈병의 특정 아형에만 국한되어 발생하지 않았지만, 50%에서 FAB 분류에 의한 M4였다. 림프절이 종대된 골수구성 백혈병 환자에서 특히, 결핵의 유병율이 높은 나라에서는 결핵성 림프절염도 감별진단에 포함시켜야 한다. During the neutropenic phase, leukemia patients receiving chemotherapy are prone to bacterial and, fungal infections; occasionally mycobacterial, viral and protozoal organisms may also cause infections. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was reported very rarely in these patients. This report describes four patients with M. tuberculosis infection identified from 185 adult patients who were diagnosed myelogenous leukemia between January 2003, and December 2004. There was no patient with M. tuberculosis infection from 44 lymphoid leukemia and 11 acute biphenotypic leukemia patients. Sites of infection were all lymph nodes. Three among four patients were presented with lymphadenopathy at initial diagnosis of leukemia, and the other one presented with lymphadenopathy after induction chemotherapy. There was no patient presented with lymphadenopathy during the neutropenic phase. Tuberculous lymphadenitis was presented in a patient with three acute myelogenous leukemia (FAB class 2 M4, 1 M2) and a chronic myelogenous leukemia, accelerated phase. An acute myelogenous leukemia patient had a leukemic cell and tubercle bacilli in the same lymph node. Tuberculosis should also be included as a differential diagnosis in myelogenous leukemia patient with lymphadenopathy, especially in the countries in which the disease is endemic.

납 작업자들에서 ALAD 유전자형과 신기능과의 연관성

이성수,김진호,김남수,김화성,안규동,이병국 大韓産業醫學會 2004 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.16 No.2

목적 : δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD)는 다형질성 (polymorphism)의 특성이 있어 유전형질에 따라 남의 인체영향이 다르다고 보고 된 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 이 유전인자의 다형질성이 신기능 지표들에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 조사대상으로는 납 취급 사업장에서 납 작업에 종사하는 935명의 남자 근로자들과 동일한 사업장에서 근무하는 비 납 작업자 87명을 선정하였다. 단면적 신기능지표로는 BUN, 혈청 creatinine, 혈청 uric acid, 요중 총단백을 측정하였으며, 납 폭로 지표로는 혈중 납량을 측정하였다. 또한 개인 일반 변수로서 체중, 연령, 직력과 흡연 및 음주습관을 조사하였다. 결과 : 납 작업자 군의 혈중 납의 평균(표준편차)은 25.4±10.9 ㎍/㎗이었으며, 비 납 작업자 군의 평균(표준편차)은 10.1±2.8 ㎍/㎗로서 양 군 간에 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 납 작업자 군에서 이형유전형질인 ALAD2 유전자형을 가진 납 작업자는 99명으로 전체의 10.6%를 차지한 반면, 비 납 작업자 군에서는 ALAD2를 가진 근로자는 4명으로 전체의 4.6%이었으며 양 군 간의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 동형유전형질인 ALAD1 유전자형 군의 혈중 납의 평균(표준편차)은 23.9±11.4 ㎍/㎗ 이었고 ALAD2 유전자형 군의 평균(표준편차)은 25.8±10.7 ㎍/㎗이었으나 양 군 간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 신기능 지표들인 BUN, 혈청 creatinine, 혈청 uric acid 및 요중 총단백의 평균은 납 작업자 군이나 비 납 작업자 군에서 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 유전형질구분에 따른 차이도 없었다. 연령, 직력, 체중, 음주여부, 흡연여부 및 혈중 납을 통제한 후 BUN의 중위수를 기준으로 중위수이상 유무를 종속변수로 하고 관련변수들을 통제한 후 실시한 logistic 분석에서는 ALAD2 유전자형의 odds ratio가 0.59 (95% 신뢰구간 : 0.38-0.91)이어서 ALAD2 유전자형 군에서 ALAD1 유전자형군보다 41% 적게 중위수를 가질 것으로 판명되었다. 혈청 creatinine의 중위수를 기준으로 중위수이상 유무를 종속변수로 하고 관련변수들을 통제한 후 실시한 logistic 분석에서는 ALAD2 유전자형의 odds ratio가 0.64 (95% 신뢰구간 : 0.40-0.98)이어서 ALAD2 유전자형 군에서 ALAD1 유전자형 군보다 36%가 적게 중위수를 가질 것으로 판명되었다. 결론 : 이상의 결과로 미루어 ALAD2 유전자형이 ALAD1 유전자형보다 납에 의한 체내대사에서 보호효과가 있을 것으로 추정된다. Objecthe: 6-Arninolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) is a polymorphic enzyme that has two alleles, KAD1 (ALADl-1 as genotype) and M A D 2 (ALADI-2 or ALAD2-2 as genotype). AL.lhD genotype has been reported to mod@ the phmacokjnetics and toxicity of lead. The authors investigated the ionuence of ALAD genotype polymorphism on renal function in lead workers Methods: We studied 935 male lead workers and 87 male non-lead workers in the same industries. For cross-sectional renal indices, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, semm uric acid and urine total protein were selected. Blood lead level was also measured an index of lead exposure. Information on weight, age, job duration, and smoking and drinking habits was collected. Results: Whereas the mean blood lead level of lead workers was 25.4f 10.9 PgldL, that of non-lead workers in the same premise was 10.1 f2.8 PgIdL, and the maence between the two groups was statistically signifcant. Whereas the prevalence of the variant allele, &AD2 in 935 lead workers was 10.6%, that in 87 non-lead workers was 4.4%. However there was no d~erence of prevalence between the two groups. The mean blood lead level of subjects with ALlhDl was 23.9f 11.4 Pg/dL, which was slightly lower than that of subjects with ALAD2 (25.8+ 10.7 pgldL). However, this differace was not statistically sigikficant. After adjustment for the covariates, the subjects with ALAD2 dele were 12.8% less &ely to have a median value or more of BUN than subject with ALAD1. Tihe adjusted odds ratio was 0.59 (95% confidence intervat 0.38-0.91). After adjustment for the covarjates, the subjects with ALAD2 allele were 9.3% less Wtely to have a median value or more of serum creatinine than subject with ALADl . The adjusted odds ratio was 0.64 (95% confidence interval; 0.41-0.98). Conclusions: From the above results, it was found that the variant allele, L A D 2 appeared to modify the association of lead and renal function, and that ALAD2 genotype may be supportive for the protective effect of lead.

大田 3大 河川의 自然河岸과 人工河岸의 植物相과 植物群落의 比較

이정하,조국연,김성덕,이남주 忠南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1998 環境硏究 Vol.16 No.-

The phytosociological investigation was carried out at natural and artificial streamsides over 3 main streams located in Taejeon, by Braun- Blanquet's method for the comparative study of the flora and vegetation from May to October, 1998. On the natural streamside, total number of vascular plant species were 142 species and hydrophyte of them was 27 species, while on the artificial streamside the former species number was 138 species and hydrophyte was 21 ones. The plant communities in the natural streamside were classified into 17 groups, such as Zizania latifolia community, Typha orientalis community, Phragmites communis community, Phragmites japonica community, Miscanthus sacehariflorus-Hemarthria sibirica community, Leersia japonica community, Trapa japonica-Trapa pseudo-incisa community, Marsilea quadrifolia community, Hydrilla verticillata-Myriophyllum verticillatum community, Vallisneria asiatica-Potamogeton malaianus var. latifolius community, Myriophyllum verticillatum community, Spirodela polyrhiza- Lemna paucicostata community, Salix glandulosa-Salix koreensis community, Salix gracilistyla community, Salix koreensis community, Phalaris arundinacea community, Persicaria hydropiper community. On the other hand, the plant community in the artificial streamside was classified into 14 communities, such as Zizania latifolia community, Typha orientalis community, Miscanthus sacchariflorus - Hemarthria sibirica community, Phragmites japonica community, Leersia japonica community, Hydrilla verticillata-Myriophyllum verticillatum community, Vallisneria asiatica- Potamogeton malaianus community, Paspalum distichum community, Phalaris arundinacea community, Persicaria hydropiper community, Zoysia japonica-Digitaria sanguinalis community, Panicum dichotomiflorum-Persicaia lapathifolia community, Echinochloa crusgalli- Setaria viridis community, Artemisia princeps community, Rumex crispus- Rorippa islandica community, Portulaca oleracea community, Potentilla paradoxa community, Panicum dichtomiflorum community. Number of species and plant communities were variously distributed over the various sites in the natural streamside, it is more than in the artificial streamside was distributed. These results mean that the distribution of plant community and number of species in the wild plant were more closely to be related to the human impacts or one's disturbance.

납 노출 근로자들에서 ALAD 및 VDR의 다형질성이 조혈기능 지표에 미치는 영향

이성수,김남수,김진호,김용배,황보영,김화성,안규동,이병국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Objectives: This study was conducted with new workers who entered lead industries from 1992 to 2001 to evaluate the genetic susceptibility of ALAD (δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase) and VDR (vitamin D receptor) gene on health effect of lead exposure. Methods: Among the subjects of the database of lead industries at the Soonchunhyang University Institute of Industrial Medicine, only new workers were selected for this study. The total of eligible workers for this category was 3,540 workers, including non lead exposed workers of same lead industries. From stored blood in specimen bank of Soonchunhyang University, genotype of ALAD and VDR were measured using PCR method. Variables for this study were blood lead as an index of lead exposure, ZPP (zinc protoporphyrin in blood), urine ALA (δ-aminolevulinic acid), and hemoglobin as an index of hematopoietic effect of lead. Information on sex, job duration, and weight were collected for personal information. The data were analyzed using SAS (version 8.2) with descriptive analysis of t-test and multiple regression analysis. Results: Among 3,540 new employed study subjects during period of 1992-2001, 3,204 workers (90.5%) had ALAD genotype 1-1, while 336 workers (9.5%) had variant type of ALAD (1-2 or 2-2). For VDR genotype, 2,903 workers (89.7%) out of total tested 3,238 workers were belonged to type bb and 335 workers (10.5%) were type bB or BB. The distribution of genotype of ALAD and VDR were not different according to the job duration in male workers, but were different in female workers. The effect of ALAD and VDR genotype on blood lead were positively significant in the analysis of all cumulative data of new employed workers for 10 years. The effect of VDR genotype on blood lead were stronger than that of ALAD While the variant ALAD gene made decrease of mean ZPP and ALA in urine after controlling for blood lead and other covariate, the variant VDR gene made increased the mean ZPP and ALA in urine in all cumulative data analysis and cross sectional analysis by job duration. For hemoglobin, ALAD and VDR genotype did not affect the mean value. Conclusions: From the above our results, we found that ALAD and VDR genotype exerted significant effect in various way. We confirmed that the finding of a cross sectional study of protective effect of variant ALAD on the effect blood lead on blood ZPP in our retrospective study design. It was found that VDR did not exert protective effect for lead exposure as the variant ALAD did.

직업적인 납 노출이 없는 일부 중년 한국인의 경골납량 및 혈중납량

김남수,함정오,이병국 순천향대학교 의학연구소 2007 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.13 No.2

...

한국산 재료를 이용한 밀폐의 차음효과

백남원,유병국,이광묵 가톨릭대학산업의학센타 산업의학연구소 1977 韓國의 産業醫學 Vol.16 No.4

In industrial areas where noise level and the worker exposure time exceed the criteria, and evaluation should be made to determine the most economical solution to the problem. A large reduction in noise can be achieved by complete enclosure of a noise source. This study was carried out to determine the effect of Korean-made materials in noise reduction. A blower producing noise level of 91 dBA was used as a noise source, and plywood having surface density of 9.5 kg/㎥ and thickness of 1.8cm was used as sound-isolating partition and glass fivers of various densities and thicknesses were used as sound absorbing materials. Noise reduction effect of total and partial enclosures was evaluated. The results are summarized as follows. 1. When the blower was enclosed with and unlined enclosure constructed by plywood, the noise reductions by total and partial enclosures were 17㏈ and 9㏈ respectively at A-weighted measurements, which indicated lower effectiveness than the theoretical effect of the plywood. This could be resulted from the reverberant buildup in the enclosure. 2. To reduce the reverberation, glass fibers of various densites and thicknesses were covered inside the wall of enclosure and the effectiveness was as follow. 1) Noise reductions by plywood plus glass fibers having densities of 25-48 kg/㎥ and density of 100kg/㎥ were 20-25㏈ and 30㏈ respectively. 2) Noise reductions at 4,000 Hz by plywood plus 48kg/㎥ glass fibers having thicknesses of 2.5cm and 5.0cm were 31 and 41㏈ respectively. By doubling the thickness of glass fibers the noise reduction increased by 5㏈ at A-weighting. 3) The difference in noise reduction between total and partial enclosure was ranged from 5㏈ to 11㏈ at A-weighting. The higher the density of glass fibers were, the difference increased.

靑少年 餘暇 文化 性向에 관한 實證的 硏究

강남국,이학남 안양대학교 사회과학연구소 2003 社會科學硏究 Vol.10 No.-

The purpose of this study is to finding out cost, type, frequency of activities in one's spare time and to letting know the effects which play an important role in actions of "Focusing High Students In The Metropolitan Area". It is on wonder we should try our best to transfer the students' leisure activities into the things that could be acceptable in our society because the programs that can't satisfy highschool students will be left out in the cold. Finally, we could get some conclusion about the effect of leisure activities to the to solve these problems. Fist, our teenagers hope to hope to have more free time. Second, they don't have enough place or institute for thir leisure. Third, most of them are spending propening free time which depend on watching TV or video. Fourth, they are accustomed to adults' leisure caused by pleasure-seeking leisure.

우리나라 大衆媒體에서의 産業保建및 環境 關聯 記事報道에 關한 硏究

강남달,이병국 순천향 대학교 산업의학연구소 1995 순천향산업의학 Vol.1 No.1

Rapid industrialization and the increase of public awareness of decreasing availability of natural resources in the confined world for the future use has brought great attentions in the environmental and industrial health issues which were regarded as very low priority national problems in the past and often regarded as a unavoidable unwanted side-products of national development in the past. Recently the necessity of environmental protection for conservation of our earth for future in one of most important issues we must solve. Accordingly, environmental and industrial health issued have been appeared more frequently in mass media recently than last decade. The evaluation of articles on these issues appeared in domestic mass media will provide better understanding for the future approach of environmental protection and healthful living of workers. As a park of evaluation, various information reported by domestic mass media about environmental and health Issues are classified in terms of frequency of reporting, type of issues, sourced of information and other related variables. Authors collected and analyzed all the reports on water and air pollution, waste products disposal, noise and vibration, and occupational diseases from the five major domestic daily newspapers and the two TV broadcasting corporations. The newspapers selected for our study were HanGyeRe Shinmun, Dong-A Ilbo, Cho Sun Ilbo, Han Kook Ilbo, and Joong Do Ilbo which were published from January 1992 to June 1993. The TV broadcasting corporations were Korea Broadcasting Corporation (KBS) and Munwha Broadcasting Corporation(MBC). During one and half year of study period 1,475 reports were collected form 5 domestic daily newspapers and two TV broadcasting corporations. The results are as follows: 1. Cho Sun Ilbo reported most frequently on environmental and occupational health issues(305 cases) among 5 domestic daily newspapers, and on the other hand, KBS reported more cases on these issues than MBC. 2. While the most frequent topic among 6 sub classification of topics such as quality of water, air, waste, noise & vibration, occupational diseases and general environmental issues was general environmental issues (462 cases: 31.3%), the next one was water pollution(368 cases: 25%). On the other hand, the issues on waste material(312 cases:21.2%), air pollution(189 caess:12.8%), occupational diseases(111 caes:7.53%) and noise & vibration(33 cases:2.24%) were appeared in decreasing order. 3. While the home sewage disposal was appeared in 25.7 percents of total reports on water pollution and revealed as a most important cause of this issue, Soot and smoke(SO2)from factories and motor vehicles (39.6%) for the category of air pollution, home wastes products (59.6%) for that of waste material. CS2(30.1%) for that of occupational diseases and noise & vibration form construction fields for that of noise & vibration were classified as most important cause of each issues respectively. 4. The frequency of reports on the environmental and occupational health issues were differed by each newspaper and TV broadcasting corporation. While Cho Sun Ilbo produced more reports on air pollution and waste disposal than other mass media HanGyeRe produced more reports on occupational diseases than other mass media in terms of cases. On the other hand, general environmental policies was the more frequent issues in Han Kook Ilbo, Dong A Ilbo and MBC than other mass media. But JoonDo Ilbo and KBS reported more frequently on the issue of the quality of water than other mass media. 5. While the environmental and occupational health issues was appeared most frequently in the page of society(30.0%), they were appeared in the page of Synthesis 2 Page(11.9%), Environmental page(11.0%) and page of editorial and explanation platform (10.8%). The attitude of mass media dealing with environmental and occupational issues were differed and the allocation of the page on these issues were differed by each mass media It was revealed that HanGyeRe put their emphasis on environmental contamination with using various pages of editorial explanation platform, planning page, critical discussion section. On the other hand, Cho Sun Ilbo and Dong A Ilbo specially prepared environmental section per week to deal with concerned issues. 6. While domestic daily newspapers obtained most frequently their information of reports on environmental and occupational issues from research papers, two TV broadcasting corporation obtained their source of issues from their own observation with the comparison of the foreign country data. 7. Planned reports consisted of 262 campaign and 11 special planned reports. Among262 campaign, Cho Sun Ilbo and KBS reported 153 case and 82case respectively. 11 special planned reports were produced only by HanGyeRe(1 caes), KBS(6 cases) and MBC(4 cases). While the most frequent topic of environmental and occupational issues in the 262 campaign was waste disposal, environmental policy was the most frequent topic in special planned reports.

Sandblasted large grit, acid etched 표면처리에 따른 교정용 미니 임플랜트의 제거회전력에 관한 연구

오남희,김성훈,국윤아,이근혜,강윤구,모성서 대한치과교정학회 2006 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.36 No.5

Sandblasted large grit, acid etched(SLA) 표면처리 된 교정용 미니 임플랜트와 평활면을 가진 교정용 미니 임플랜트 사이에 제거회전력과 조직학적 소견을 통해 표면처리된 교정용 임플랜트의 임상적 가능성에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 실험재료로는 길이가 9.5 mm, 외경이 1.8 mm인 custom made, screw shaped, titanium implants가 사용되었다. 미니 임플랜트는 두개의 군으로 분류되었는데 SLA군은 20개의 SLA 표면처리된 미니 임플랜트이었고, 평활면군은 크기와 형태가 같지만 SLA처리공정이 생략되어 제작된 20개의 미니 임플랜트로 구성되었다. 이들은 10마리 가토의 경골에 식립되었다. 각각의 가토의 우측 경골에는 SLA군의 미니 임플랜트 2개가 식립되었고, 좌측 경골에는 평활면군의 미니 임플랜트 2개가 식립되었다. 각 군에는 식립 직후 Ni-Ti coil spring에 의해 약 150 g의 지속적인 견인력이 주어졌다. 식립 6주 후에 10마리의 가토를 희생하였고, 안정된 상태에서 Ni-Ti coil spring을 제거하였으며 digital torque gauge를 이용하여 제거 회전력을 측정하였다. 식립 6주 후에 SLA군의 경우 (8.29 Ncm) 평활면군 (3.34 Ncm)에 비해 더 높은 평균 제거회전력을 나타내었고 조직학적 소견에서도 screw 하방에서의 신생골 형성이 관찰되었다. SLA 표면처리된 미니 임플랜트는 평활면 미니 임플랜트에 비해 좀 더 강한 교정력에 저항할 수 있을 것으로 예상되었다. Objective: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the differences between sand blasted, large grit and acid-etched (SLA) treated mini-implants and smooth surface orthodontic mini-implants in relation to the removal torque as well as the histologic analysis. Methods: Custom-made, screw-shaped, titanium implants with a length of 9.5 mm and an outer diameter of 1.8 mm were divided into 2 groups; the SLA group (20 SLA treated orthodontic mini-implants) and the smooth surface group (20 smooth surface mini-implants), and placed in the tibia metaphysis of 10 rabbits. Each rabbit had 4 mini-implants placed, 2 in each tibia. The right tibia were implanted with the SLA group mini-implants and the left tibia had the smooth group mini-implants placed. Each mini-implant group were immediately applied with a continuous traction force of 150 g using a Ni-Ti coil spring. The rabbits were sacrificed 6 weeks post-surgically. Subsequently, the legs were stabilized, the Ni-Ti coil springs were removed and the mini-implants were removed under reverse torque rotation with a digital torque gauge. Results: 6 weeks after placement, the SLA group presented a higher mean removal torque value (8.29 Ncm) than the smooth group (3.34 Ncm) and histologic analysis revealed a higher new bone formation aspect along the screw in the SLA group. Conclusion: Results of this study indicates that SLA treated mini-implants may endure higher orthodontic forces without loosening.