Endoscopy and Imaging Modalities/Basic Science of Gastrointestinal Disorders/Miscellaneous : Changing Pattern Of Digestive And Liver Disease In Korea, 1990-2006 Year; A Single Center Study

( Jung Hyun Kwon ),( Sang Woo Kim ),( In Sik Chung ),( Myung Gyu Choi ),( Kwan Woo Nam ),( Jung Pil Suh ),( Jae Hyuck Chang ),( Won Haing Hur ),( Yu Kyung Cho ),( Jae Myung Park ),( In Seok Lee ) 대한소화기학회 2007 SIDDS Vol.9 No.-

Background/Aims: Westernization in many Asian countries have changed lifestyles and diets, so once rare diseases have now become prevalent. The aim of this study is to investigate the changing pattern of digestive and liver disease in Korea, from 1990 to 2006. Methods: We extracted data specific gastrointestina (GI) disease based on the International Classification of Diseases code from the in-patients records at the Kangnam St. Mary`s Hospital in 1990, 1996 and 2006. This hospital is a tertiary-care hospital in Seoul, Korea, which has a capacity of 800 beds. Results: The admission rate for GI disease increased between 1990 and 2006. Overall in-patients were 1,623 persons in 1990, 2,368 persons in 1996 and 4,166 persons in 2006. The mean age of in-patients increased as time went by. A stomach cancer was the most common diagnosis during all periods, but its prevalence has decreased. Colon cancer ranked the 7th in 1990, but markedly increased and now ranks the second. The third was a hepatocellular carcinoma. The bile duct and gallbladder cancer, pancreas and esophageal cancer ranking followed with little interval change. In cases of cancer patients, a regular admission dramatically increased for chemotherapy. The number of patients admitted with pre-malignant neoplasm of stomach and colon increased remarkably with the development of endoscopy. The liver transplant, inflammatory bowel discase, and reflux esophagitis emerged form mid-1990s with greater frequencies, yet much below the levels found in the West. The admission rate for peptic ulcer, especially ulcer bleeding remained relatively stable, despite a decreased rate for ulcer perforation. Liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, cholelithiasis with cholecystitis-cholangitis, appendicitis, hemorrhoid and gastritis all decreased. Conclusions: The stomach cancer is the leading cause of admission, despite a recent decline. Colon cancer showed a marked rise. The liver transplant, inflammatory bowel disease and reflux esophagitis were new diagnosis with an increased tendency.

생쥐 배아의 체외배양시 저농도 산소 환경이 배아 발달에 미치는 영향

유정현(Jong Hyun Woo),황경주(Kyung Joo Hwang),양현원(Hyun Won Yang),이치형(Chi Hyeong Lee),양정인(Jeong In Yang),권혁찬(Hyuck Chan Kwan),오기석(Kie Suk Oh) 대한산부인과학회 1998 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.41 No.12

N/A Objective: It is known that mouse embryos before implantation develop in a low oxygen environment of 3- 8% concentration and with antioxidant materials such as vitamins, antioxidant enzymes, ferrous binding proteins, and albumin in follicular and tubal fluids. However, the 20% oxygen culture condition with chemically defined media might be produce an abundance of ROS, and leads to developmental delay or developmental block in vitro. In this study, we attempt to elucidate the relationship between intracellular H2O2 production and embryo development in different oxygen culture conditions of mouse embryos. Methods: Prenuclear embryos from C57BL/CBA Fl hybrid and ICR mouse were cultured in incubators which provided 5% carbon dioxide, 20% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide, 5% oxygen. Measurement of H2O2 level in a embryo was performed with DCHFDA(2,7 -dichlorodihydroflourescein diacetate)and analyzed with Quanti-cell 700, and the number of blastomeres was counted with DAPI( 4, 6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole). Results: Oxygen concentration of the culture medias was significantly higher in the 20% oxygen environment compared to that of 5% oxygen environment. Culture of mice embryos in high oxygen condition leads to high HO concentrations at 2 cell stage and developmental delay or 2-cell block regardless of the strain. But in a 5% oxygen environment, which is similar to in-vivo conditions HO production was suppressed continuously through out culture and development of embryos was definitely improved. Conclusion: These results suggest that there is a difference in the production of ROS or protective mechanism according to the mouse strains and stage of development, and it is thought that in-vitro culture in 5% oxygen environment provides stable in vivo equilibrium but in a 20% oxygen environment there is production of ROS which overcome the protective mechanism which leads to cellular damage and embryo developmental delay.

Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection among Health Care Workers in South Korea: A Multicenter Study

( Kyung Wook Jo ),( Yoon Ki Hong ),( Jae Seuk Park ),( In Gyu Bae ),( Joong Sik Eom ),( Sang Rok Lee ),( Oh Hyun Cho ),( Eun Ju Choo ),( Jung Yeon Heo ),( Jun Hee Woo ),( Tae Sun Shim ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2013 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.75 No.1

Background: We investigated the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among the health care workers (HCWs) and analyzed its risk factors in South Korea. Methods: A standard questionnaire regarding the baseline demographics and risk factors for LTBI was given to each participant and tuberculin skin test (TST), QuantiFERON-TB GOLD In-Tube (QFT-GIT) assay, and chest radiography were performed. Results: A total of 493 participants, 152 (30.8%) doctors and 341 (69.2%) nurses were enrolled in eight tertiary referral hospitals. The mean age of the subjects was 30.6 years old, and 383 (77.7%) were female. Of the 152 doctors, 63 (41.4%) and 36 (23.7%) were positive by TST and by QTF-GIT, respectively, and among the 341 nurses, 119 (34.9%) and 49 (14.4%) had positive TST and QFT-GIT results, respectively. Overall, the agreement between the two tests was 0.22 by the chance corrected proportional agreement rate (kappa coefficient) in 493 subjects. Experience of working in tuberculosis (TB)-related departments was significantly associated with positive LTBI test results by QFT-GIT assay, not by TST. In multivariate analysis, only age was independently associated with increased risk of a positive TST result, while age and experience of working in TB-related departments (odds ratio, 2.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-5.12) were independently associated with increased risk of a positive QFT-GIT result. Conclusion: A high prevalence of LTBI was found among South Korean HCWs. Considering the association between the experience of working in TB-related departments and high risk of LTBI, QFT-GIT may be a better diagnostic test for LTBI than TST in HCWs.

다양한 진로모색을 위한 치위생학과 학생과 선배 치과위생사의 심층면담

경혜인 ( Hye In Kyung ),김영우 ( Young Woo Kim ),엄제현 ( Jae Hyun Eom ),이지희 ( Ji Hui Lee ),조은정 ( Eun Jung Cho ),박고은 ( Go Eun Park ),김남희 ( Nam Hee Kim ) 한국치위생과학회 2015 치위생과학회지 Vol.15 No.2

The aim of this study was to provide practical information regarding career exploration to dental hygiene students. This study interviewed 15 senior dental hygienists (graduates of Y University Dental Hygiene program) who have worked in non-clinical fields for about three months from January 14, 2014 to April 28. The most frequently mentioned pieces of information that the senior dental hygienists wanted to convey to dental hygiene students were as followed. Contrary to popular belief, clinical experience was also required in non-clinical fields as the importance of clinical experience was quite often and widely emphasized and applied in such fields. High academic excellence and clinical performance were expected of junior dental hygienists and the senior dental hygienists expressed their hope for their juniors to pioneer new fields and areas of work that a dental hygienist can do. Most of the senior dental hygienists pointed out that to develop technical tools for career exploration as early as possible, such as during undergraduate years and to think about which career path to take, whether it is clinical or academic were significantly important factors for desirable career outcomes. Based on the results of this study, undergraduate dental hygiene students should be provided with opportunities to consider and explore various career paths during their undergraduate years and to communicate with their seniors for hands-on experience-based advices. This would in turn broaden each student`s perspective beyond their knowledge or thought about the professional filed of dental hygiene. It was found that the majority of the senior dental hygienists agreed that their clinical experience was the source of their self-competence as a dental hygienist. Our study could be utilized as a valuable resource for future dental hygienists who wish to work in non-clinical fields.

관해된 정신분열병과 양극성장애 환자의 언어성 기억 및 학습 기능 비교

우종민,정성심,정인원,김이영,이동수,홍경수 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.4

연구목적 : 본 연구는 관해 상태에 있는 정신분열병과 양극성장애 환자의 언어성 기억 및 학습 기능을 평가하고 이를 정상대조군과 비교하여 기억 요소의 질환별 특성을 분석하고자 실시하였다. 방 법 : 관해상태의 정신분열병 환자 30명과 양극성장애 환자 28명 및 정상대조군 72명을 대상으로 성, 연령, 교육연한, 발병연령, 잔여증상, 추체외로증상, 단순주의력 수준을 통제한 후 한글언어청각학습검사를 실시하여, 초과용량 즉각기억, 기억의 등록, 유지, 인출, 재인, 학습전략, 간섭효과를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 한글언어청각학습검사 결과를 세 집단간 비교한 결과, 정신분열병은 전행성 간섭효과를 제외한 모든 항목에서 대조군보다 유의하게 저하된 기억 수행을 보였으며, 양극성장애에 비해서도 대부분의 회상 시도에서 유의한 저하를 보였다. 특징적으로 학습 전략 활용 능력이 저조하였다. 양극성장애는 대조군에비해 즉각기억, 재인,학습전략에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 반복에 따른 회상과 학습은 대조군에 비해 유의하게 저하되었다. 정신분열병에 비해서는 전반적으로 비슷하거나 우월했지만, 간접자극 제시에 의한 회상 저하는 세 집단 중 가장 크게 나타났다. 환자군에서 검사성적에 대한 임상적 특성의 설명력을 분석한 결과, 정신분열병에서는 BPRS의 무력증 소척도, 유병기간, 입원횟수 등이 유의한 설명력을 갖는 것으로 나타났고, 양극성장애에서는 우울삽화 횟수가 유의한 설명력을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 결 론 : 관해상태의 양극성장애와 정신분열병 모두에서 대조군과 구별되는 언어성 기억 및 학습 기능 저하가 관찰되었다. 이러한 기억 및 학습 기능의 결함은 이들 두 장애의 고유한 질병 특성 표지자일 가능성이 높으며, 향후 이들 질환의 병태생리를 이해하고 치료적 접근 방법을 모색하는 데에 단초가 될 수 있을 것이다. Objectives : This study was to investigate the verbal memory and learning ability in remitted schizophrenic patients and euthymic bipolar patients in order to explore trait-dependent cognitive deficits of each disorder. Methods : Verbal memory was assessed with KAVLT(the Korean version of Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test) in outpatients with remitted schizophrenia(N=30), euthmic bipolar disorder(N=28), and normal control(N=72), KAVLT is made for assessment of immediate supraspan memory, registration, retention, retrieval, recognition, learning strategy, and interference effect. Several confounding factors including age, sex, educational level, attention span, residual psychopathology, and extrapyramidal symptoms were controlled among 3 groups. Patient groups were matched according to the age of onset, duration of illness, and frequency of hospitalization. Results : 1) The performance of bipolar group generally fall between the performance of schizophrenia and normal controls, while being most impaired in retroactive interference. Schizophrenic group showed significant impairment on most variables of KAVLT in comparison with the groups of bipolar disorder and normal control. 2) Within group analysis revealed that residual negative symptoms, duration of illness, and number of admission were highly correlated with the impairment of verbal memory and learning in schizophrenics. Number of depressive episodes and age were negatively correlated with verbal memory and learning among bipolar disorder patients. Conclusions : Both remitted schizophrenia and euthymic bipolar patients showed distinctive impairment in verbal memory and learning compared with controls. These results suggest that apecific impairment of verbal memory and learning in remitted state can be trait-dependent marker in both diseases. These deficits can give clues to the understanding of the pathophysiology and searching for more appropriate therapeutic interventions of mental disorders to improve cognitive deficits in remitted patients.

국내 5개 3차 병원의 β-lactam계 항생제 사용 실태 및 Klebsiella pneumoniae의 항생제 내성과의 상관 관계

정숙인,박경화,권기태,고관수,오원섭,정두련,백경란,염준섭,장현하,김신우,손준성,송재훈 대한감염학회 2007 감염과 화학요법 Vol.39 No.4

Background : This study was performed to evaluate the prescribing pattern of β-lactam antibiotics and the relationship between antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use in 5 tertiary care hospitals in Korea. Materials and Methods : Data on annual patient-days and annual consumption (defined daily dose (DDD) per 100 patient-days) of β-lactam antibiotics from 2003 to 2005 in 5 tertiary hospitals were analyzed. To determine the antimicrobial resistance in K. pneumoniae, broth microdilution test and double disk synergy were performed according to the CLSI performance standards. Spearman's correlation coeffient was used to determine the relationship between antibiotic consumption and resistance. Results : The prescription of β-lactam antibiotics in 5 tertiary hospitals markedly varied. In two hospitals, increase in consumption of β-lactam antibiotics was more than 30% during recent 3 years. The higher consumption of β-lactam antibiotics significantly correlated with the higher rate of antibiotic-resistant K. pneumoniae in 5 tertiary care hospitals. Conclusion : Continuous surveillance of antibiotic use is needed to encourage appropriate prescribing of antibiotics and to reduce antibiotic resistance. 목적 : 항생제의 오남용으로 인한 내성균의 발현 및 급속한 확산이 전세계적으로 문제시 되고 있다. 특히 병원은 항생제 내성의 중심점에 있는 것으로 여겨진다. 본 연구에서는 최근 3년간 국내 5개 3차 병원의 β-lactam계 항생제의 사용량을 조사하고, 각 병원별 항생제 사용량과 K. pneumoniae의 항생제 내성률과의 상관관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 국내 5개 3차 병원에서 2003년 1월부터 2005년 12월까지 병원 입원 환자를 대상으로 연도별 재원연인원수와 각 β-lactam계 항생제의 총사용량을 수집하여 DDD (defined daily dose) per 100 patient-days로 환산하여 비교하였다. 2005년 6월부터 8월까지 각 병원의 임상검체에서 동정된 K. pneumoniae를 수집하여 액체배지미량희석법으로 항생제 감수성 검사를 시행하였고 ESBL(extended-spectrum β-lactamase) 생성 여부는 double disk synergy test를 시행하였다. 항생제 사용량과 내성의 상관관계는 Spearman 상관관계 분석을 시행하였다. 결과 : 5개 병원 중 3개 병원에서는 연도별 β-lactam계 항생제 사용량이 비슷하게 유지되었으나, 2개 병원에서는 2003년에 비해 2005년에 항생제 사용량이 30% 이상 증가하였다. β-lactam계 항생제 중 제제별 비율은 각 병원마다 차이가 있었으나, 3세대 cephaosporin의 사용이 가장 많았고 2세대 ceaphlosporin, β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor, 1세대 cephalosporin 순이었다. 경구용 β-1actam계 항생제의 사용량(r=0.900, P<0.037)과 2세대 cephalosporin의 사용량(r=0.900, P<0.037)은 각각 K. pneumoniae의 ESBL 생성과 양의 상관관계가 있었다. Ceftazidime의 사용량은 K. pneumoniae의 ceftazidime 내성률과 양의 상관관계가 있었다(r=0.900, P<0.037). 반면 imipenem의 사용량은 piperacillin/tazobactam 내성과 음의 상관관계가 있었다(r=-0.900, P<0.037). 결론 : 최근 3개년간 항생제 사용량은 병원별로 차이가 있으나 일부 병원에서는 증가하였다. β-lactam계 항생제의 사용량은 K. pneumoniae의 항생제 내성과 상관관계가 있었다. 항생제 사용을 줄임으로써 항생제 내성을 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대되며, 병원별로 항생제 사용에 대한 지속적인 감시가 필요할 것이다.

CIGS 박막의 전착에 관한 연구

이상민,김영호,오미경,홍석인,고항주,이치우,Lee, Sang-Min,Kim, Young-Ho,Oh, Mi-Kyung,Hong, Suk-In,Ko, Hang-Ju,Lee, Chi-Woo 한국전기화학회 2010 한국전기화학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Cu(In, Ga)$Se_2$ (CIGS) 박막은 다원화합물이기 때문에 제조공정이 매우 까다롭다. 진공장치를 사용하는 제조 방법으로 동시증착법, 스퍼터링법 +셀렌화가 있고, 비진공 제조 방법으로 전기화학적인 전착법이 있다. 각 방법에 있어서도 출발 물질의 종류에 따라 다양한 제조 방법이 동원 될 수 있다. 진공증착에 의한 방법은 고품질의 박막을 얻는데 사용 되고 있으나 고가의 진공장비가 사용되므로 대면적화에 따른 제조비용 측면에서 문제가 있다. 이에 비하여, 전착법은 간단하면서도 저가로 대면적화를 이룰 수 있다는 장점 때문에, 많은 관심이 기울여지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Mo/Glass전극위에 Ga/(In + Ga) = 0.3의 성분비를 만족시키는 CIGS 박막을 전기화학적으로 제조하기 위하여, $Cu^{2+}$, $In^{3+}$, $Ga^{3+}$, $Se^{4+}$ 4성분을 모두 포함하는 전해질 수용액 내에서, 4성분의 이온들이 동시에 환원되는 전위를 조절하여 CIGS 박막을 전착 하였다. SEM을 이용하여 얻어진 CIGS 박막의 전착된 시료의 표면을 관찰하였고, EDS로 그 조성을 분석하였다. 또한, XRD를 이용하여 전착시료의 열처리 전후의 결정성변화를 조사하였다. The chalcopyrite $Cu(In_xGa_{(1-x)})Se_2$ (CIGS) is considered to be one of the effective light-absorbing materials for thin film photovoltaic solar cells. We describe the electrodeposition of CIGS thin films in ambient laboratory conditions, and suggest the electrochemical conditions to prepare stoichiometric CIGS thin films of Ga/(In + Ga) = 0.3. In acidic solutions containing $Cu^{2+}$, $In^{3+}$, $Ga^{3+}$ and $Se^{4+}$ ions, the CIGS films of different Cu/In/Ga/Se chemical compositions were electrodeposited onto Mo/Glass substrate. The structure, morphology and chemical composition of electrodeposited CIGS films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), respectively.

농촌지역 중학생들의 체력과 정신건강에 관한 연구

장봉우,김태완,조경욱,김용인 忠北大學校 平生體育硏究所 1997 平生體育硏究所 論文集 Vol.9 No.-

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between the physical fitness and mental health state of the rural middle school students. Two-hundred thirty-four middle school students were placed into two gender groups(boys and girls) and/or three age groups(14, 15, and 16 yrs). All subjects completed the physical fitness tests and the mental health questionnaire. After those tests, the data was collected and analyzed by MANOVA and ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation and multiple regression. The conclusions were as follows. First, in consequence of the physical fitness comparison by gender and age, while aging, boys did not show a significant difference in power, balance, ability, and flexibility, having significant improvements in muscle strength, muscular endurance, and cardiovascular endurance. Second, in consequence of the analysis of mental health state by gender, results showed that boys were better than girls in the mental health state, especially boys were better in Somatization, Anxiety, Photic Anxiety, and Psychotism. Third, in consequence of the analysis of mental health status by age, results showed a significant difference in Obsession and Interpersonal Sensitivity among nine symptom check-up lists. The older the students were, the more they were suffering from Obession, and Interpersonal Sensitivity. Finally, in consequence of the analysis of the relationship between physical fitness and mental health status by gender, the physical fitness factors of boy students had no meaningful relationship with mental health factors. On the other hand, girl students had a meaningful relationship between muscle strength and mental health factors-Anxiety, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Hostility, Phobic Anxiety, Paranoid Adaption, and Psycotism. Also girl students had a significant relationship between flexibility and mental health factors-Obsessive, Somatization, Depression, Hostility, Phobic Anxiety, Paranoid Ideation and Psychotism.

Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection among Health Care Workers in South Korea: A Multicenter Study

Jo, Kyung-Wook,Hong, Yoonki,Park, Jae Seuk,Bae, In-Gyu,Eom, Joong Sik,Lee, Sang-Rok,Cho, Oh-Hyun,Choo, Eun Ju,Heo, Jung Yeon,Woo, Jun Hee,Shim, Tae Sun The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2013 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.75 No.1

Background: We investigated the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among the health care workers (HCWs) and analyzed its risk factors in South Korea. Methods: A standard questionnaire regarding the baseline demographics and risk factors for LTBI was given to each participant and tuberculin skin test (TST), QuantiFERON-TB GOLD In-Tube (QFT-GIT) assay, and chest radiography were performed. Results: A total of 493 participants, 152 (30.8%) doctors and 341 (69.2%) nurses were enrolled in eight tertiary referral hospitals. The mean age of the subjects was 30.6 years old, and 383 (77.7%) were female. Of the 152 doctors, 63 (41.4%) and 36 (23.7%) were positive by TST and by QTF-GIT, respectively, and among the 341 nurses, 119 (34.9%) and 49 (14.4%) had positive TST and QFT-GIT results, respectively. Overall, the agreement between the two tests was 0.22 by the chance corrected proportional agreement rate (kappa coefficient) in 493 subjects. Experience of working in tuberculosis (TB)-related departments was significantly associated with positive LTBI test results by QFT-GIT assay, not by TST. In multivariate analysis, only age was independently associated with increased risk of a positive TST result, while age and experience of working in TB-related departments (odds ratio, 2.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-5.12) were independently associated with increased risk of a positive QFT-GIT result. Conclusion: A high prevalence of LTBI was found among South Korean HCWs. Considering the association between the experience of working in TB-related departments and high risk of LTBI, QFT-GIT may be a better diagnostic test for LTBI than TST in HCWs.

탄광부 진폐증의 운동지수

조영선,김세곤,문우기,유재인,정치경 가톨릭대학 산업의학 센타 산업의학연구소 1984 韓國의 産業醫學 Vol.23 No.3

Exercise index(EI) was measured on 933 pneumoconiosis patients (865 patients with small rounded opacities and 68 patients with large opacities) and 176 suspected pneumoconiosis patients from Korean anthracitic mines, in order to evaluate the ventilatory impairment of pulmonary function according to the chest radiographic findings of pneumoconiosis. Exercise index was obtained from the maximum breathing capacity (MBC) and the exercise ventilation volume(EV) which were measured by spirometer and two step-test. Classification of pneumoconiosis was based on the international classification of ILO U/C. The results were as follows: 1. The mean value of E1 was significantly increased in pneumoconiosis patients with large opacities(46.0%) than in patients with small rounded opacities(26.5%) and with suspected pneumoconiosis(25.0%). The number of jpatients in substandard EI was 97.1% in patients with large opacities but 49.4% in patients with small rounded opacities and 40.3% in patients with suspected pneumoconiosis. 2. The mean values of EI and the number of patients in substandard EI were markedly increased in pneumoconiosis patients with small rounded opacities and suspected over 50 years of age. However, the number of patients in substandard EI showed no association with age in pneumoconiosis patients with large opacitis. 3. In pneumoconiosis patients with small rounded opacities, the mean values of EI and the number of patients in substandard EI showed significant association with the profusion (category) but no significant association with the type of small rounded opacities. 4. In pneumoconiosis patients with large opacities, the mean values of EI and the number of patients in substandard EI showed no significant difference between patients complicated with and without pulmonary tuberculosis. 5. No significant association of EI and the number of patients in substandard EI with the size of large opacities was observed in pneumoconiosis patients with large opacities, however, the mean values of EI showed increasing tendenccy in category B and C compared to category A.