국산 Lidocaine 알칼리화를 위한 Bicarbonate 혼합시 침전유발 최소량에 대한 고찰

이선호,김현수,곽인숙,안원식,최관호,김광민,손민제 대한마취과학회 2000 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.39 No.5

Background : When local anesthetics for regional anesthesia is used, usually small amounts of bicar-bonate are added for rapid onset. This addition gives the mixed solution a more alkaline pH. The following result is an increased unionized form of the local anesthetic and rapid penetration of the drug into tiissue. Unfortunately, no data about adequate mixing volumes of domestic lidocaine and bicarbonate is available. Methods : We examined six mixing pairs of two kinds of 2% lidocaines and three kinds of 8.4% bicarbonates for minimum volumes of bicarbonate to cause a precipitation of 2% 20 ml lidocaine. Results : The mean volumes of bicarbonate to cause precipitation were 1.54 ml for Kwang-Myung lidocaine with Kwang-Myung bicarbonate, 2.90 ml for Kwang-Myung lidocaine with Dae-Won bicarbonate, 2.73 ml for Kwang-Myung lidocaine with Je-Il bicarbonate, 0.97 ml for Je-Il lidocaine with Kwang-Myung bicarbonate, 1.26ml for Je-Il lidocaine with Dae-Won bicarbonate and 1.39 ml for Je-Il lidocaine with Je-Il bicarbonate. Conclusions : We conclude that the Kwang-Myung lidocaine and the Je-Il lidocaine could cause precipitation when mixing with a smaller bicarbonate volume than foreign textbook recommended. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2000; 39: 726-729)

생쥐에 있어서 單一害球가 分離된 受精卵의 移植에 의한 새끼生産에 관한 硏究

崔有林,全益秀,金宣宜,崔光洙,朴修奉,辛明宰 慶北大學校農業科學技術硏究所 1991 慶北大農學誌 Vol.9 No.-

本 연구는 생쥐의 4細胞期胚에서 하나의 割球를 뽑아내는 새로운 割球分離技術인 biopsy에 대한 효율성과 分離된 受精卵과 分離한 割球의 생존성 및 새끼생산율을 검토한 結果이다. 그 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 4細胞期胚에서 分離한 單一割球와 4細胞期胚를 M2 배양액에 배양한 結果, 單一割球는 82.6%가 영양배엽을 형성한 割球로 發生하였고 4細胞期胚로 89.5%가 胚盤胞期胚로 發生하였다. 2. 4細胞期胚를 biopsy하여 하나의 割球가 分離된 受精卵과 대조구인 4細胞期胚를 M2배양액에서 배양한 결과 각각 83.3%와 90.4%가 胚盤細胞胚로 發生하였다. 3. Biopsy하여 4細胞期胚에서 分離한 單一割球와 대조구인 4細胞期胚에서 4개의 割球로 분리한 單一割球를 M2 배양액에서 배양한 결과 각각 80.8%와 83.3%가 영양배엽을 형성한 割球로 發生하였다. 4. 4細胞期胚에서 하나의 割球를 뽑아낸 受精卵과 대조구인 4細胞期胚를 수란생쥐에 이식한 결과 각각 36.0%와 48.6%의 새끼쥐 생산率을 얻었다. The study was carried out to investigate the viability and the offspring production rate of single blastomeres and biopsied 4-cell mouse embryos and, also to examine the efficiency of biopsy. The results obtained are summerised as follows : 1. The separated blastomeres from 4-cell embryos and intact 4-cell embryos which were cultured in Medium 2 were developed to trophoblastic vesicle and blastocyst embryo by 82.6% and 89.5%, respectively. 2. The biopsied embryos from 4-cell embryos and intact 4-cell embryos which cultured in Medium 2 were developed to blastocyst embryo by 83.3% and 90.4%, respectively. 3. The biospied blastomeres and the separated blastomeres from 4-cell embryos which were cultured in Medium 2 were developed to trophoblastic vesicle by 80.8% and 83.3%, respectively. 4. The biopsied embryos from 4-cell embryos and intact 4-cell embryos were transferred to recipients, and the offspring rate was 36% and 48.6%, respectively.

최근 10년간 원광의대병원에서 시행한 소아 심장혈관 수술의 임상적 고찰

윤향석,정수미,최두영,오광수,오연균,김종덕,양현웅,이삼윤,김형곤,최종범,최순호,노병석 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 1995 圓光醫科學 Vol.11 No.2

We reviewed 10 years experiences of the clinical aspects and early postoperative results in 544 pediatric patients(age less than 16 years old). Among them. 529 cases had the congenital heart diseases, and 15 had the acquired diseases. Open heart surgery was performed in 413 patients. 115 cases were treated with non-open heart surgery. 16 with interventional catheterization. Annual increase of the cardiac patients was not significant in recent 10 years, except slight increase in 1994. The mean age of the study patients had been evidently changed to younger year by year. Total mortality rate of the open heart surgery was 6.4%. The cyanotic congenital heart diseases were high in early postoperative mortality by 25.7%, whereas 4% in acyanotic group. The age group less than one month was most highest in surgical mortality(66.7%). There were no deaths in patients with patent ductus arteriosus(103 cases), atrial septal defect(83 cases) or pulmonary stenosis(17 cases). Among 220 patients with ventricular septal defects(VSD). 10(4.5%) were died early postoperatively. In cyanotic group, the patients with pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defects(PAVSD), transposition of the great arteries(TGA), interrupted aortic arch(IAA), complex cardiac anomalies with isomerism seemed to be most susceptible to an early death.

재생골재를 사용한 콘크리트의 특성에 관한 실험적 연구

최광윤,배수환,정재동,김한철,최영화 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2

The purpose of this experiment is an experimental study on recycling of waste concrete and suggest a possibility of the Recycled Aggregate Concrete after establishing some kinds of experimental properties of concrete. Therefore, this study compared and investigated properties of natural aggregate concrete and recycled aggregate concrete by replacing the ratio of recycled aggregates under the absorptions, compressive strengths and chemical resistances. As the result, the compressive strength and the chemical resistance of Recycled Aggregate Concrete is lower than the natural aggregate concrete. If was concluded that the properties of the recycled aggregates and lower than natural aggregates.

企業到産豫測에 있어서 現金흐름 情報의 有用性에 관한 實證的 硏究

崔光鉉,姜鎭守 영남이공대학 1995 論文集 Vol.24 No.-

The debate of accrual basis and cash flow reporting is one of the most representatives in the accounting literature. In special, many empirical studies argue that cash flow information has the additional predictive ability in predicting business failure. Accordingly, this study is to test the predictive ability of business failure by cash flow information. In order to achieve the purpose, two hypotheses are tested by multiple discriminant analysis and laboratory experiment method. Sixty samples were selected in the listed firms from 1982-1990. Thirty failure companies of them were matched by thirty non-failure companies. The results of the study are as follows: 1. The model that includes a cash flow information has superior predictive ability to the model that cash flow information is excluded. 2. The combined model that includes cash flow and financial ratios has better discriminant ability than the seperate models:one using the financial ratios and one using cash flow ratios.

당뇨병성 신증 환자 20예에서 복합한약전탕액이 신기능에 미치는 영향

최우정,김동웅,신선호,이언정,최진영,신학수,조권일,이광석 대한동의생리학회,대한동의병리학회 2003 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Diabetic Nephropathy is one of the major causes of chronic renal failure. It is a common microvascular complication and clinically defined as the presence of persistent Proteinuria. We studied the effects and change of the renal function of Complex Herbal medication of the 20Diabetic Nephropathy patients. We measured the initial levels of Total Protein, Creatinine Clearance Rate(Ccr), Serum Creatinine(Serum-Cr), Urine Creatinine(Urine-Cr) and HbA1C on admission and followed up the level changes of Total Protein, Ccr, Serum-Cr and Urine-Cr on discharge. The results are following : Complex Herbal Medication does not cause the renal toxicity. The longer hypertension period is, the higher Serum-Cr level and Urine-Cr level. In an older age group, Urine-Cr is lower. 4.From the "Deficiency in Origin and Excess in Superficiality(本虛表實)“points of view, Complex Herbal Medication improves the Serum-Cr in Diabetic Nephropathy patients. According to this results, it could be suggested that Complex Herbal Medication does not cause the renal toxicity in Diabetic Nephropathy patients and intensive controls of blood sugar, blood pressure and Complex Herbal Medication prevent the renal failure in Diabetic Nephropathy patients with early stage of Microalbumiuria.

공기부상 생물막 반응기를 이용한 산업폐수 처리

최광수,한기백 한국환경과학회 2000 한국환경과학회지 Vol.9 No.4

Air-lift biofilm reactor should be an admirable process substituting conventional activated sludge process, because of its small area requirement as well as high volumetric loading capacity and stability against loading and chemical shocks. However most of the past research on the performance of ABR was focused on the sewage treatment. This research studied the applicability of ABR to treat high strength wastewater. A bench-scale ABR was operated to treat high strength synthetic wastewater, tannery wastewater and petrochemical wastewater, and its applicability was conclusive. In case of synthetic wastewater, ABR showed good performance in which the substrate removal efficiency was higher than 80 % even under short HRT(1.4 hr) and high volumetric loading rate(9.3 ㎏CODcr/㎥ day). When ABR was applied to treat tannery wastewater, it was suggested that the maximum volumetric loading rate and F/M ratio should be 7.7 ㎏CODcr/㎥ day, 0.76 day^-1, respectively. And high substrate removal efficiency over than 90 % was observed with 4,000 ㎎CODcr/L of petrochemical wastewater. Even though effluent concentration was quite high, ABR should be applicable to treat the high strength wastewater, because of its high loading capacity.

압자의 압입에 의한 치관 전장용 복합레진의 기계적 성질 평가

최원호,배태성,박광선,박종수 대한치과기재학회 2001 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.28 No.2

This study was performed to evaluate the mechanical properties of four commercially available veneering resin composites for crown (Dentacolor: DC, Artglass: AG, Esternia: ET and Targis: TG). According to the manufacturer's instructions, disc specimens were fabricated in a teflon mold giving 12mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness. All specimens were immersed in distilled water at 37℃ for 30 days. An indentation test of 68-degree trigonal diamond pyramid was made under 98.06 mN load for 15 seconds. Hardness numbers, charateristic indentation depths, flow and permanent deformation were measured and compared statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's multiple range test. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1.The highest hardness value of 87.4 was observed in the ET group and the lowest value of 11.8 was observed in the DC group. Hadness values showed no sinificant difference between the AG group and TG group, but others showed the significant difference beween groups (p<0.5). 2.Flow value of the ET group was significantly lower than those of the AG and TG groups of hybrid composite for crowns. 3.Percent strain during the indentation was the lowest in the DC group and the highest in the AG group, but there was no significant difference in each experimental group (p>0.05). 4.The relationship between the hardness number and flow during the indentation was a negative linear on a logarithmic scale.

원자력 사고후 쌀알과 배추내 ^90Sr 및 ^137Cs 농도 예측

최용호,임광묵,황원태,이한수,이창우 대한방사선 방어학회 2002 방사선방어학회지 Vol.27 No.3

원자력 사고후 시간경과에 따른 작물체내 핵종 농도를 보다 현실적으로 예측할 수 있는 방법을 수립하고 단위 건침적에 대하여 백미와 배추내 ^90Sr 및 ^137Cs의 50 년간 농도를 예측하였다. 비생육기 사고의 경우 농도는 두 핵종 모두 시간경과에 따라 서서히 감소하였고 50년 내내 ^90Sr이 ^137Cs보다 높았다. 생육기 사고의 경우 처음 1년간 농도는 비생육기 사고에 비해 대체로 ^90Sr은 최고 30 배, ^137Cs은 최고 1,000 배 정도까지 높았다. 50 년간의 누적농도는 백미에서는 비 생육기 사고의 경우 ^90Sr이, 생육기 사고의 경우 ^137Cs이 더 높았으나 배추에서는 어느 경우에나 ^90Sr이 더 높았다. 생육기 사고시 50년간의 누적농도에 대한 지배적 경로는 대체로 ^90Sr의 경우 뿌리흡수, ^137Cs의 경우 작물체 직접오염이었다. 재부유의 영향은 무시할 수 있을 정도였다. 예측 결과에 입각하여 사고 조건별로 대책의 방향을 제시하였다. A method of more realistically predicting radionuclide concentrations in crop plants varying with time after a nuclear accident was established to estimate 50 years' concentrations of ^90Sr and ^137Cs in polished rice seeds and Chinese cabbage for unit dry deposition. After non-growing season accidents, concentrations of both nuclides decreased gradually with time and ^90Sr concentrations were higher than those of ^137Cs throughout the whole period. Radionuclide concentrations in the 1st year after growing season accidents were on the whole higher than those after non-growing season accidents by factors of up to 30 for ^90Sr and up to 1,000 for ^137Cs. In polished rice seeds, the 50 years-integrated concentration was higher for ^90Sr than for ^137Cs after non-growing season accidents, whereas the opposite was true after growing season accidents. In Chinese cabbage, however, it was higher for ^90Sr than for ^137Cs after both types of the accident. Generally speaking, the dominant pathway for the integrated concentration after the growing season accident was root uptake for ^90Sr and direct plant contamination for ^137Cs. The effect of resuspension was negligible. Based on the predicted results, the direction of planning countermeasures was suggested for various accident conditions.

소수성 촉매를 이용한 수소동위원소 교환 반응 측정을 위한 순환 반응기

최희주,이한수,안도희,강희석,김광락 한국공업화학회 2002 응용화학 Vol.6 No.2

The catalytic rate constants of hydrophobic catalysts developed for the removal of tritium mainly generated in the pressurized heavy water reactors should be measured. A recycle reactor was designed and built for characterzing the long-term behavior of the catalyst performance at the various temperatures and gas velocities.The catalytic rate constants were measured at the apparent gas velocity of 0.5 m/s and the temperature of 60℃. The initial catalytic constant was 8.44×10^-4mol/g.sec. This value is much greater than that considered in the design of Wolsong Tritium Removal Facility.