당뇨병성 합병증을 가진 환자에서 혈증 Erythropoietin 농도

김동규,유기동,허광식,김상용,윤성호,조영신,권용은,김태원,김건영,정종훈,배학연 조선의대 1998 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.23 No.1

당뇨병성 합병증을 가진 환자에서 혈중 Erythropoietin 농도

김동규,유기동,허광식,김상용,윤성호,조영신,권용은,김태원,김건영,정종훈,배학연 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1998 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.23 No.1

연구 배경 : 고혈당성에 의한 산화환원반응 이상(가저산소증)이 조절 되지않는 당뇨병의 특징으로 혈관과 신경 기능에 대한 진성 저산소증의 효과와 유사하며, 당뇨 합병증의 병태생리에 중요한 역할을 한다. 고혈당이 있는 인슐린 비의존형 당뇨병 환자에서 인슐린 수준이 정상이듯이, 빈혈이 있는 당뇨병 환자에서 EPO의 농도는 실제 혈색소 농도의 감소비율과 차이가 있을 것이라 추측된다. Friedman 등은 당뇨병성 합병증 원인 인자로 가저산소증(pseudohypoxia) 또는 저산소증(hypoxia)을 제기하였고 이런 인자들이 EPO의 상대적 또는 절대적 결핍에 의한 것임을 보고하였다. 방법 : EPO-Trac^(TM 125)I RIA kit을 이용하여 방사면역측정법으로 EPO 수준을 검사하였다. 전혈 3㎖을 5-10㎖ 시험관에 정맥 채혈하였으며, 용혈과 장기간의 보존을 위하여 원심분리를 즉시 시행하여 혈청을 영하 200C에서 냉동 보관 후 일괄적으로 검사 결과를 얻었다. 결과 : 1996년 9월부터 1997년 2월까지 조선대학교 부속병원 내과에 입원한 2형 당뇨병 환자 63례를 대상으로 하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 당뇨병성 합병증이 없는 군과 있는 군간의 혈색소, 혈중 EPO농도의 차이는 유의한 차이가 있었으며 혈색소의 감소율보다 혈중 EPO의 감소율이 더 높았다. 2) 당뇨병성 망막증의 유무에 따른 혈색소 농도의 차이는 유의한 차이가 없었으나 혈중 EPO농도는 유의한 차이가 있었다. 증식성군에서만 혈중 EPO의 감소비율이 혈색소에 비해 높았다. 3) 당뇨병성 신증의 유무에 따른 혈색소, 혈중 EPO농도는 유의한 차이가 있었고 혈색소 감소율에 비해 EPO농도의 감소율이 높았다. 신증의 중증도에 따른 혈색소, EPO의 차이는 미세알부민뇨군을 제외하고는 유의한 차이를 보였고 혈색소 감소율에 비해 EPO의 감소율이 더높았다. 4) 당뇨병성 신경병증의 유무에 따른 혈색소 농도의 차이는 유의한 차이가 없었으며 EPO농도는 유의한 차이를 보였다. 혈색소와 EPO의 감소비율은 비슷하였다. 신경병증의 중등도에 따른 혈색소와 EPO농도의 변화는 유의한 차이가 없었으나 stage 3에서는 혈색소감소율보다 EPO감소율이 더높았다. 결론 : 당뇨병성 합병증을 가진 환자에서 빈혈의 정도는 대부분 혈청 EPO치의 절대적 감소에 의함을 간접적으로 밝혀낼 수 있었으며 차후 더 많은 대상으로 비교 분석이 필요하리라 사료된다. Background: Hyperglycemic-induced redox(pseudohypoxia) imbalance is a characteristic feature of poorly controlled diabetes that mimics the effects of true hypoxia on vascular and neural functions and plays an important role on the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. As is true for apparently "normal" insulin levels typically found in NIDDM even in the presence of hyperglycemia, a "normal" erythropoietin level in an anemic diabetic subject may be disproportionally low for the actual red cell mass. Therefore, Friedman et al suggested that pseudohypoxia or hypoxia as an etiological factor of diabetic complications are due to absolute or relative erythropoietin deficiency Method: EPO-TracTM 125I RIA kit was used for the quantitative determination of erythropoietin(EPO) in serum by radioimmunoassay. An adequate sample of blood (3ml whole blood) was collected aseptically by venipuncture in a 5~10ml glass tube to yield a minimum of 400 L of serum per assay. The serum was promptly removed from the clot by centrifugation in order to avoid hemolysis. Then to increase its storage time it was frozen at -200C in a nonself defrosting freezer. Finally, tests were undertaken simultaneously Results We studied 63 cases with diabetes mellitus, who were admitted to Chosun University Hospital from September, 1996 to February, 1997 at the Department of Internal Medicine. We defined the control group, as diabetic patients who did not have anemia(<13mg/dl), diabetic complications(retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy) and the remainders were defined as the experimental group(we excluded anemic patients, who had secondary causes of anemia and diabetic patients with end stage renal disease)Data were as follow 1) The relationship of Hb and the 24hr urine protein between diabetic patients with and without complications significantly differed(p=0.02, < 0.001 respectively), but the Hb level was poorly related between diabetic patients with and without retinopathy(except in preproliferative, proliferative subgroups) and neuropathy. 2) Subgroups of patients with diabetic complications had higher 24hr urine protein than patients without diabetic complications, except stage I diabetic neuropathy 3) The EPO level was significantly different between diabetic patients with and without complications. 4) The correlation between EPO and Hb was significantly different, especially in diabetic patients with retinopathy and nephropathy according to severity of diabetic complications, compared with patients who did not have diabetic complications such as retinopathy and nephropathy. Conclusion: We know that anemia induced by diabetic complications is due to relative EPO deficiency than absolute EPO deficiency, and further evaluation and studies are needed on many cases in the future

Development of a Virtual Reference Station-based Correction Generation Technique Using Enhanced Inverse Distance Weighting

Tae, Hyunu,Kim, Hye-In,Park, Kwan-Dong The Institute of Positioning 2015 Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Vol.4 No.2

Existing Differential GPS (DGPS) pseudorange correction (PRC) generation techniques based on a virtual reference station cannot effectively assign a weighting factor if the baseline distance between a user and a reference station is not long enough. In this study, a virtual reference station DGPS PRC generation technique was developed based on an enhanced inverse distance weighting method using an exponential function that can maximize a small baseline distance difference due to the dense arrangement of DGPS reference stations in South Korea, and its positioning performance was validated. For the performance verification, the performance of the model developed in this study (EIDW) was compared with those of typical inverse distance weighting (IDW), first- and second-order multiple linear regression analyses (Planar 1 and 2), the model of <xref>Abousalem (1996)</xref> (Ab_EXP), and the model of <xref>Kim (2013)</xref> (Kim_EXP). The model developed in the present study had a horizontal accuracy of 53 cm, and the positioning based on the second-order multiple linear regression analysis that showed the highest positioning accuracy among the existing models had a horizontal accuracy of 51 cm, indicating that they have similar levels of performance. Also, when positioning was performed using five reference stations, the horizontal accuracy of the developed model improved by 8 ~ 42% compared to those of the existing models. In particular, the bias was improved by up to 27 cm.

중·고등학생들의 체지방 측정방법 및 총지방량에 관한 연구

손태열,홍관이,김기진,정정진,김학렬,김태영 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1992 論文集 Vol.43 No.1

본 연구에 대한 목적은 현재까지 국내외에서 사용되어온 추정방정식과 본 연구의 추정방정식을 밀도법에 의한 체지방량을 기준으로 비교분석하고 각종 신체계측치와 신체밀도에 의한 체지방량과의 상관관계를 토대로 한국 중·고등학생들에게 적합한 체지방 추정방정식을 산출함과 동시에 본 연구에서 개발된 추정방정식을 토대로 한국 중·고등학생들의 체지방량과 제지방량을 산출하는 것이었다. 본 연구의 밀도법으로 얻은 값과 선행방정식으로 얻은 값을 비교하여 보았을 때 MSF에 있어서는 BD2와 BD3, MSM의 경우는 BD1과 BD3, HSF에서는 BD2에서만 통계적으로 유의한차(P>0.05)가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 수중체중 측정법으로 얻은 신체밀도와 가장 관련성이 높은 변인으로서는 피부두겹 측정으로서 장골경사, 무릎, 안면부, 견갑하부, 장곡옆면, 복부, 옆가슴, 삼두근의 순서로 나타났으며, 허리둘레와 발목둘레도 중요한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 남자 중학생들의 %FAT와 LBM은 각각 12.60±3.93%와 41.75±4.85KG을 나타났으며, 여자 중학생들은 14.56%와 45.14±50KG으로 나타났다. 또한 남자 고등학생 및 여자 고등학생들의 %FAT와 LBM은 각각 11.69±4.77%, 12.01±5.26%와 46.57±4.47KG, 53.32±8.01KG으로 나타났다. 이상과 같은 결과를 고려하여 볼 때, 본 연구에서 개발된 방정식을 사용함으로서 기존의 외국인을 대상으로 개발된 선행방정식을 이용하여 산출하였을 때 나타나는 오차범위를 보다 크게 줄임으로서 정확한 체지방량을 산출할 수 있을 것으로 평가된다.

천측두동맥에 발생한 가성동맥류 1예

이광태,김성호,송시헌,김관태,김윤 대한신경외과학회 1992 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.21 No.4

The authors report a case of false aneurysm of the superficial temporal artery which manifested after operation for FCCD. An aneurysm of the superficial temporal artery is a rare disease. In collected literature, the incidence of superficial temporal artery aneurysms ranged from 0.5 to 2.5 percent of all aneurysms for which surgery was performed. False aneurysm should be suspected when a mass, which may or may not be pulsatile, appears in the scalp region after recent trauma. Troublesome(but not life-threatening) bleeding may occur if the lesion is unrecognized, and an attempt is made to "shell it out" as though it were an epidermal inclusion cyst.

체육교사의 자기수업장학이 교수행동에 미치는 영향

이병익,김관현,김진표,김기환,김윤태 龍仁大學校 2001 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.19 No.-

This study was to analyze the effect of psical teacher's self-directed super- vision on teaching behavior. The prpose of this study is to identify the effect of pysical teacher's self director supervision of their teaching trough other teacher's teaching and all of physical education methods. Therefore research models and hypothesis were established on previous research and theories. Background variable was physical teacher's personal factor and Independent variable was physical teacher's sect-directed supervision. Dependent variable was teaching behavior of physical teacher. The data were collected by using simple random sampling of 360 physical teacher's in Seoul , Kyung-gi-Do, and In-chun. To survey the data question paper was used. T-test and one-way ANOVA were used to test hypothesis. Multiple-Regression Analysis was used to know effect of physical teacher's self-directed supervision on teaching behavior. Each hypothesis was tested at the significance level of 0.5 The conclusions were drawn as the followings First. influence of self- directed supervision by physical teacher's personal factor was following. According to sender there was no difference in teaching behavior. There was a significant influence in understanding students according to school's situation(girls, boys, and co-ed). There was a significant influence in class managing, understanding students, class preparing, teaching method according to class reflection. Second. influence of teaching behavior by physical teacher's personal factor was following influence. The gender had influence on dynamism and creativity. School situation(boys, girls, co-ed) had influence on individuality and creativity. Class reflection had influence on dynamism, creativity, obviousness and individuality. Third. effect of physical teacher's self-directed supervision on teaching behavior was followings. In dynamism, it had influence on teaching method, class managing, understanding students, sequentially. But not on preparation. In Individuality, it had influence on preparation, understanding students. Class managing sequentially. But not on teaching method. In obviousness. It had influence on class managing and Preparation. sequentially. but not on understanding students. and teaching method. In creativity, it had influence on understanding students, preparation, class manacling sequentially, but not on teaching method.

척추경나사못을 이용한 척추 고정의 수술적 치험

김관태 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1994 충남의대잡지 Vol.21 No.2

A total of 21 patients underwent transpedicular spinal instrumentation using the screw-plate system (8) or the screw-rod system(13). We treated 21 cases of spine disease using the above method from February, 1992, to September, 1994. Surgery was performed for thoraco-lumbar column instability secondary to fracture(7) or spondylolisthesis(14). The most frequent clinical symptom and sign was low back pain with radiating pain accompanied by limitation of straight leg raising, of which clinical outcome was excellent. The transpedicular screw fixation allow adequate neural decompression, short segment fixation and prevention of motion limitation of thoraco-lumbar spine. But one of the important complication driven with this method was root injury which must be prevented by surgen's thorough knowledge to pedicular anatomy and meticulous operative technique. The appropriate bone fusion will be the acceptable strategy to overcome the eventual possibility of instrument failure.

젊은 성인과 폐경 여성간의 악골 골밀도에 관한 비교 연구

김태성,이동근,이병도,정선관 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2001 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.23 No.2

Objectives : To compare jaw bone density of young adults (control group) and post-menopausal women(experimental group) in periapical and panoramic film. Materials and Methods : The bone mineral density values of lumbar and femur were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA) and T scores of lumbar were obtained. T scores were classified into 3 group (T<-2.5, -2.5≤T<-1, -1≤T). Radiographic densities of alveolar bones were measured from interdental bones of premolar, molar areas in the maxilla and mandible and expressed into copper step wedge thickness by Scion Image□ program. We considered these values of step wedge thickness as bone density of alveolar bone. Panorama mandibular index(PMI) was calculated by the method that the height of the inferior cortex of the mandible was divided by the height from the lower border of the mandible to the superior edge of the mental foramen. Bone density of alveolar bone and PMI were analysed statistically. Results : There were significant differences in bone mineral density of lumbar and femoral neck between control and experimental groups. There were also significant differences in bone density of premolar and molar area of jaw between control and experimental groups by MANOVA test. When considered lumbar T variables, there was only difference in interdental bone density of maxillary molar area between control and experimental group, but there was interaction. Interdental bone density of experimental group was appeared higher in -1 ≤ T group and lower in T<-2.5 group than control group. There was significant difference in PMI between control and experimental groups, but there was also inter action, thus, PMI of experimental group was appeared higher in -1≤T group and lower in T<-2.5 group than control grourp. Conclusion : There were significant differences of alveolar density and cortical bone thickness between young men and post-menopausal women in periapical and panoramic film. These differences were dependent on lumbar T.

뇌경색에 대한 실험적 연구(Ⅰ)

김관태,김윤 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1987 충남의대잡지 Vol.14 No.2

This study examined the effects of naloxone and methyiprednisolone on neurological function, infarct size, and brain edema in thirty-two cats with acute focal cerebral ischemia induced by transorbital middle cerebral artery(MCA) clipping. Thirty-two cats were divided into three groups : a control group of twenty-two animals, a naloxone-treated group of five animals, and a methylprednisolone-treated group of five animals. All cats were anesthetized with ketamine and pentobarbital. After the removal of the orbital contents, the left MCA trunk was exposed and then. clipped with the aid of an operation microscope or loupe. Thirty minutes after clipping, five cats received naloxone(lOmg/kg bolus) and five other cats were given metbylprednisolone(15mg/kg bolus). Two hours after occlusion, all cats were killed by the intravenous injection of 2M KCl 10m1 and 25m1 of 2%TTC solution was infused into each common carotid artery. Brains were fixed and examined histologically. The results were as follows: 1) The neurologic outcome was better in naloxone-and methyiprednisolone-treated groups than in the control group. 2) Percent hemispheric volume infarction(% HVI) was higher in the control group(mean HVI=50) than in the naloxone-treated group(mean % HVI=39) and in the methylprednisolonetreated group(mean %o HVI=35). 3) The incidence of cerebral edema was significantly lower in the naloxone-treated group(40%) and methylprednisolone-treated group(40%) than in the control group(lOO%). In conclusion, treatment with naloxone or methylprednisolone improved neurologic outcome, infarct and brain edema from focal ischemic insults.

CW Nd:YAG 레이저를 이용한 SM45C강의 표면경화특성

김지환,유영태,신호준,노경보 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 2003 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.25 No.1

Laser surface hardening is an effective technique used to improve the tribological properties and also to increase the service life of automobile components such as camshafts, crankshatfs, lorry brake drums and gears. High power CO_(2) lasers and Nd:YAG lasers are employed for localized hardening of materials and hence are of potential application in the automobile industries. The heat is conducted rapidly into the bulk of the specimen causing self-quenching to occur and the formation of martensitic structure. In this investigation, the microstructure features occurring in Nd:YAG laser hardening SM45C steel are discussed with the use of optical microscopic and scanning electron microscopic analysis. Moreover, This paper describes the optimism of the processing parameters for maximum hardened depth of SM45C steel specimens of 4.5㎜, 10㎜ thickness by using CW Nd:YAG laser. Travel speed was varied from 0.6m/min to 1.5m/min. The maximum hardness and case depth of SM54C steel are 76Hv and 0.688㎜ by laser hardening. When the surface of specimens was melted during laser hardening, the surface hardness of SM45C steel was decreased.