절충교역 기술 활용성과 체계적 관리방안 연구

김기환,김태연 한국방위산업학회 2023 韓國防衛産業學會誌 Vol.30 No.1

This study identifies problems with the Offset quantitative performance management methodology proposed by Kim Ki-hwan and Lee Sang-bok (2022) in 2022 to quantitatively evaluate the performance of R&D technologies obtained through Offset. In addition, domestic defense and private sector rating methodology management institutions are selected as advisory institutions to verify the validity and fair evaluation of major technical achievements obtained through compromise offset, and the characteristics and advantages of each institution are analyzed. Finally, to systematically database and manage the results created, a ‘computer management system construction plan’ is proposed by deriving essential elements of the computer management system and analyzing the system needs. 본 연구에서는 절충교역을 통해 획득된 연구개발 기술 등의 이행성과를 정량적으로 평가할 수 있도록 2022년에 김기환・ 이상복(2022)이 제안한 절충교역 정량적 성과관리 방법론에 대한 문제점을 식별하여 보완방안을 제안한다. 또한, 절충교역으로 획득된 주요 기술성과들의 타당성 검증 및 공정한 평가를 위하여 국내 국방 및 민간분야 등급평가 방법론 운용기관들을자문기관으로 선정 후 각 기관의 특성과 장단점을 분석하여 ‘절충교역 성과평가위원회 운영방안’을 제안한다. 마지막으로 창출된 성과를 체계적으로 DB화하여 관리할 수 있도록 전산관리 시스템 필수요소 도출 및 시스템 요구도를 분석하여 ‘전산관리시스템 구축방안’을 제안한다.

ICBD 방법에 의한 Si(100) 기판위 Cu 박막제작에 Ionization potential 이 미치는 영향

김기환,윤영수,최두진,정형진,고석근 한국진공학회 1995 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.- No.-

상계에 관한 민법 개정- 상계의 의사표시를 중심으로 -

김기환 한국재산법학회 2025 재산법연구 Vol.42 No.1

상계는 채무의 소멸을 간단히 처리하게 할 수 있으나, 상계로 인하여 법률관계가 복잡해지고 분쟁이 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 상계의 효력 발생을 위하여 상계의 의사표시가 필요한지에 관한 논의를 중심으로 당연상계주의, 원용권주의, 형성권주의, 장래효주의를 분석하였다. 로마법은 상계의 표시에 대하여 확인적 효력을 발생한다고 보는 원용권주의에 가깝다. 로마법에서는 소송법의 차원에서 액수확정성 요건과 함께 당연상계를 도입하였던 것이고, 로마의 소송법이 작동하지 않는 19세기의 독일에서는 의사표시에 의하여 실체법상 법률관계를 형성하는 것이 필요하다는 주장이 제기되었다. 이러한 형성권주의가 수용되어 독일 민법에 반영되었다. 스위스, 네덜란드, 오스트리아(해석), 일본, 우리나라가 이를 추종하고 있다. 그러나 형성권주의는 상계의 의사표시가 의하여 최초의 상계적상 시점에 소급하여 상호 대립하는 채무가 소멸한다고 보고 상계의 의사표시 시점에도 상계의 요건이 갖추어져 있을 것을 요한다. 그로 인하여 소멸시효가 완성한 채권에 대한 상계, 상계와 압류의 경합, 상계충당, 제3자의 상계권 행사 등 다양한 사안에서 법률관계가 매끄럽게 해결되지 않는다. 결국 이러한 문제를 규율하는 새로운 규정과 판례가 필요하게 된다. 1804년 프랑스 민법은 상계의 표시 없이 상계의 효력이 발생한다는 당연상계주의를 취하였다. 오스트리아(규정), 벨기에, 이탈리아, 스페인, 퀘백 주, 루이지애나 주 등 다수의 국가가 이를 추종하였다. 스웨덴 등 스칸디나비아반도의 국가들이 취하고 있는 장래효주의는 상계의 의사표시 시에 상계의 효력이 발생하도록 하고 상계적상 시로 소급효를 인정하지 아니한다. 이자의 발생에 관한 법률관계를 간명하게 해결하는 장점이 있으나 채권양도와 상계의 경합, 소멸시효가 완성된 채권에 대한 상계 등의 문제에 있어서는 다시 예외를 두어 상계를 인정한다는 이론적 한계가 있다. 우리 대법원도 임차보증금 공제, 선급금 충당의 사안에서는 별도의 의사표시 없이 채무가 소멸하는 효력을 인정하고 있다. 이는 반드시 형성권 주의를 취하지 않더라도 실제 법운용에 있어서 어려움이 없다는 점을 보여주는 것이다. 원용권주의에 입각하여 상계에 관한 규정을 새롭게 개정하는 것이 상계에 관한 법적 쟁점을 명료하게 규율할 수 있다는 점에서 타당하다고 할 것이다. Set-off can simply extinguish debts, but it complicates legal relationships and frequently causes disputes. This study analyzed the doctrine of ipso jure set-off, the doctrine of invocation right, the doctrine of formation right, and the doctrine of future-effect focusing on the discussion on whether an expression of intent to set-off is necessary for the effect of set-off. Roman law is close to the doctrine of invocation right, which considers the expression of set-off to have a confirmatory effect. Roman law introduced ipso jure set-off along with the requirement of liquidation at the level of procedural law, and in 19th century Germany, where Roman procedural law did not operate, it was argued that it was necessary to form a substantive legal relationship through an expression of intent. The expression of set-off was structured as a formation right in Germany. This formation right principle was accepted in German civil code. Switzerland, the Netherlands, Austria(case law), Japan, and South Korea are following this. However, the doctrine of formation right requires that the requirements of set-off be met at the time of the expression of intent to set-off, assuming that the expression of intent to set-off extinguishes mutually conflicting debts retroactively to the time when the set-off requirements were fulfilled. As a result, legal relationships are not smoothly resolved in various cases such as set-offs for claims for which the statute of limitations has been completed, conflicts between set-off and seizure, appropriation of set-off and third-party exercise of set-off rights. Ultimately, new regulations and precedents are needed to regulate these issues. In 1804, the French Civil Code adopted the principle of ipso jure set-off, which states that set-offs take effect without the expression of set-off. Many countries, including Austria(civil code), Belgium, Italy, Spain, Quebec, and Louisiana, followed suit. The doctrine of future-effect adopted by Scandinavian countries such as Sweden makes the effect of set-off occur at the time of the expression of intent to set-off and does not recognize retroactive effect when the set-off requirements are met. It has the advantage of simply resolving the legal relationship regarding the occurrence of interest, but has the theoretical limitation in recognizing the priority of set-off in issues such as conflict between assignment of claims and set-off, and set-off for claims for which the statute of limitations has been completed. South Korean Supreme Court also recognizes the effect of extinguishing debts without an expression of set-off in cases such as deductions of rental deposits and appropriations of advance payments. This shows that there is no difficulty in actual law application even where the principle of formation right is not necessarily adopted. In the Civil Code revision currently being discussed, it is reasonable to simplify complex legal issues related to off-set by revising the off-set provisions in accordance with the principle of invocation right.

ICBD 방법에 있어서 가속전압이 Cu 박막의 확산거동에 미치는 영향

김기환,최두진,윤영수,고석근,정형진 한국진공학회 1995 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.- No.-

Mechanical Characteristics of the hard-polydimethylsiloxane for Smart Lithography

김기환,송나영,추병권,박규창,장진 한국진공학회 2007 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.16 No.2

사고-행위 융합과 사고-사건 융합의 측면에서 본 강박사고의 하위유형

김기환,권석만,신민섭 한국임상심리학회 2008 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.27 No.1

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of thought-action fusion(TAF) and thought-event fusion(TEF) to obsessions. Study 1 was performed to develop the Thought-Reality Fusion Scale(TRFS) which can measure TAF and TEF. The data were collected from 419 college students. Factor analysis revealed that the TRFS was found to have five factors in autogenous thoughts, while four factors in reactive thoughts. And the TRFS was found to have concurrent validity. In study 2, how TRF is differently related to autogenous/ reactive obsessions or worry and depression was examined. 492 college students were given to answer to the TRFS, Revised Obsessional Intrusions inventory(ROII), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and Penn State Worry Questionnaire(PSWQ). Obsessions were significantly related to all the factors of TRFS. Over all factors, reactive obsessions were more related to TAF and TEF than autogenous obsessions were. Autogenous obsessions showed significant correlations with likelihood TAF, reflection TEF, likelihood TEF and prevention TEF in the order, while they showed insignificant correlation with moral TAF. On the other hand, reactive obsessions showed significant correlations with likelihood TEF, reflection TEF, prevention TEF, likelihood TAF and moral TAF in the order. Worry and depression were less related to TRFS than obsessions. Finally, the significance of this study and further studies were discussed.

일개 도 지역 자살 시도 환자에 대한 병원전 단계 분석

김기환,조준휘,문중범,박찬우,신명철,김가을,이준석,박윤수,옥택근 대한응급의학회 2018 대한응급의학회지 Vol.29 No.6

Objective: This study examined the characteristics of suicidal attempters, including pre-hospital patients and those who visited the emergency department. Methods: Suicidal attempters who had been reported to the 119 call center were selected between July 2015 and June 2016. Sex, age, place, methods of suicidal attempt, season, time, and suicide success rate were reviewed in the fire center records. Results: A total 961 suicide attempters were enrolled. Among them, 53.6% were males who had an approximately 2.6 times higher mortality than that of females (9.2%). The most preferred place to commit suicide was the home in both sexes (68.0% in male, 82.8% in female) and the most preferred methods was drug intoxication, particularly pesticide. The method with the highest mortality was hanging and the lowest was self-harm. The season of the highest mortality was spring. The success of suicide and the time variation were similar. Most of the un-transferred patients also selected fatal suicide attempts compared to transfer patients. Conclusion: Unlike previous studies, this study includes information on un-transferred patients. Overall, the probability of death was highest as more than 50 years men chose hanging as a method, which had an influence on the un-transferred patients group.

소비자 인터넷 관심 기반 수요예측 모형

김기환,김수열,윤형호,정지혁,김서현 한국산업경영시스템학회 2018 한국산업경영시스템학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.춘계

디지털세대의 특성과 가치관에 관한 연구

김기환,윤상오,조주은 한국정보사회진흥원 2009 정보화정책 Vol.16 No.2

최근 인터넷을 비롯한 디지털 활동의 확산과 더불어 새로운 세대의 등장에 관한 논의가 활발하다. 이들은 자신들이 갖는 특유의 성향이나 가치관 등을 통해 사회적 파장을 형성하고 궁극적으로는 사회를 변화시킬 것으로 예상된다. 본 논문은 디지털 활동이 새로운 세대를 형성하였는지를 실증적으로 검증한다. 이를 통해 새로운 세대로 확인되면 이를 디지털세대라고 명명하고, 이들이 어떤 가치관을 소유하고 있으며 다른 세대들과 비교해서 어떤 특성을 갖는지를 분석한다. 조사 결과 디지털 활동을 기준으로 세대를 구분하는 방법이 타당한 것으로 확인되었으며, 디지털 지수를 근거로 해서 포스트 디지털세대, 디지털세대, 준 디지털세대 및 아날로그세대가 도출되었다. 디지털세대의 가치관의 특성은, 디지털기기에 대한 접근도 및 활용정도가 높을수록, 생산 및 유통활동이 적극적일수록 보다 개방적이고 적극적이며, 참여지향적인 조직관을 갖는 성향을 띠고 있으며, 이러한 경향은 접근도, 활용도, 생산 및 유통도로 갈수록 더욱 폭넓게 가치관에 영향을 주고 있다. Recently, with the expansion of digital activities in daily lives, lots of discussions have been made about a newly-risen IT generation. Through its personalities and behaviors, the new generation is expected to play a key role in setting a direction and bringing about social changes in a knowledge-information society. Naming the new group as a digital generation, this paper empirically analyzes who they are, what value sthey have and what personalities they have, especially compared to other generations. Based on the results of the research, we elicit a 'digital index' by considering the levels of access, usage, production and circulation of the digital machinery and services. According to the digital index, we come up with post-digital, digital, semi-digital and analogue generations, and then comparably analyze characteristics of those generations. Main findings of the study are as follows. Post-digital and digital generations showed high levels of willingness of access, usage production and circulation of digital tools and content. And the higher the levels of their access, usage, production and circulation are, the more likely they are open-minded, active and participation-oriented.

비가역성 실혈성 쇽에서 본 가토심근, 혈장의 전해질 및 혈당량 변화

김기환,남기용,Kim, Ki-Whan,Nam, Kee-Yong 대한생리학회 1968 대한생리학회지 Vol.2 No.1

Twenty white rabbits anesthetized with nembutal (30 mg/kg) were employed in this experiment. Five of them served as controls; the remaining rabbits as experimental group were subjected to irreversible hemorrhagic shock. Shock was induced by bleeding the animals until mean blood pressure decreased to a level of 50-40 mmHg. This level of pressure was maintained for 3-4 hours, after which the drawn blood was reinfused. The reinfusion of blood caused the elevation of arterial pressure almost the control level for some minutes, after which a gradual and progressive decline of blood pressure became evident. This decline was thought to be the result from irreversible hemorrhagic shock. When mean blood pressure declined to less than 50 mmHg, chest was opened and samples of arterial blood and left ventricular muscle were taken. Left ventricular muscle and blood plasma were analyzed for potassium, sodium, chloride and water content. Blood glucose concentration was determined by Somogyi-Nelson's method. Extracellular and intracellular myocardial water and electrolyte content were calculated on the basis that electrolytes are distributed between plasma water and interstitial water according to Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium. In this calculation extracellular water was substituted for Na space. The findings obtained were as follows: 1. The concentration of blood glucose was 87mg% in the controls and it rose to 222 mg% in shock (P<0.01). 2. Plasma potassium elevated significantly from 3.3 mEq/l in controls to 8.0 mEq/l in shock (P<0.01), while small decreases in sodium (151-146 mEq/l) and chloride (102-96 mEq/l) were observed (P<0.3, P<0.1), 3. The changes of blood water content (83.1-84.3%) and cardiac water content (77.5-78.3 gm/100gm WT) were observed. 4. In control animals myocardial potassium levels which averaged 30.2 mEq/100 gmDT rose significantly to 40.3 mEq/100 gmDT in shock (P<0.01), while moderate decreases in sodium(16.3-14.3 mEq/100 gmDT) were observed in shock. 5. The calculated transmembrane resting potential of left ventricular muscle of control animals averaged 95 mV, while rabbits in shock averaged 77 mV. (P <0.01). The findings of this experiment do not correspond with the conclusions that myocardial depression seems to be the cause of irreversible hemorrhagic shock, because the excitability of heart muscle is elevated. From the point of view that the lowered transmembrane resting potential, the cause of death in terminal stage of irreversible hemorrhagic shock may be ventricular fibrillation. It can't be said, however, that the lowered transmembrane resting potential is responsible for the transition from reversible to irreversible hemorrhagic shock. The marked increase in blood glucose suggested that glycogenolysis in the liver is favorably active in shock.