CW Laser Annealing 과정중 SOS 상의 시간적 온도변화 측정에 관한 연구

고년규,윤희중,유동선,최원국,문경순 연세대학교 대학원 1987 延世論叢 Vol.23 No.1

The purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate the new method of TSRTM during CW Ar laser annealing using a He-Ne laser probe beam. Optical interference phenomena by a small changes of refractive index of Si, which is induced by the temperature change during short time laser annealing on the Si wafer surface, was used. The samples, SOS(Silicon on Sapphire), used in this work were epi. <100> Si grown on a <1012> insulator sapphire substrate with 2.0μm thickness. From the experimental temperature dependent equation of the refraction of index of Si with respect to the probe beam(λ=6328 Å) in furnace experiment, n(T)=3.98+7×10-4T (℃), the temperature on the destructtve or constructive interference was calculated. Incident Ar laser beam whose power ranges from 1.8W to 2.8W was irradiated and the effect of temperature rise of Si wafer on the elliptical spot whose major and minor axis is 200μm, 15μm respectively is investigated by the He-Ne laser probe beam which is focused 30μm. The annealing time ranges from 8 msec~250 msec to 500 msec~20 sec was adopted to estimate that the first constructive interference is occurred at least total irradiated power density 5.46×102Jㆍsec/cm2, and it is inferred that more than 180msec is needed for the first constructive interference when the total incident energy is 2.8 W. For the longtime annealing, about more than 1 sec, the interference pattern was coincided with the result produced by the furnace experiment. It is investigated from the space-resolved temperature gradient that the irradiated laser beam was focused in center.

진성 적혈구 증다증 환자에서 발생한 발목뼈 결핵 1 예

고성애,정선영,손세훈,김동근,박성우,허지안,이경희,김민경,현명수 영남대학교 의과대학 2009 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.26 No.1

Talus tuberculosis is a rare disease, even in an endemic tuberculosis area. In reviews of the worldwide literature, only 18 cases of talus tuberculosis have been reported. Recently, we experienced a case of a 70-year-old polycythemia vera patient with right metatarsopharyngeal joint pain for 2 months duration who was diagnosed with talus tuberculosis with prostate involvement. Tuberculosis should be considered as one of the causes of monoarticulitis, especially in countries, where the disease is endemic. Additionally, we highly recommend taking a biopsy of the site of suspected infection because an early diagnosis is the key to successful treatment.

중학교 교사의 여가활동이 직무 만족도에 미치는 영향 : 서울시내 중등교사를 중심으로 focussing on the activities of secondary school teachers in the Seoul city

고기채,이동희 경희대학교 체육과학연구소 2001 體育學論文集 Vol.29 No.-

The purposes of the study are re-illumination of teachers' spare time activities and offering basic materials for the improvement in the standard of welfare living of teachers through analyzing what's the influences of school teachers' various spare time activities on the degree of work satisfaction, and the study questions are as follows: The first, investigating the realities of school teachers' spare time activities, The second, analyzing the degree of work satisfaction in accordance of general features of the spare time activities, The third, analyzing the correlation between the realities of spare time activities and the degree of work satisfaction. The method of research is the making of a questionnaire survey of 350 secondary school teachers(297 withdrawal) on the realities of spare time activities and the degree of work satisfaction with the questions of above, and the results are handled statistically using she SPSS/PC+ program. The conclusions in accordance of the results of the questionnaire survey are as follows: The first, on the realities of spare time activities of teachers, because they have heavy work load in the school their spare time is not enough, between 30 minute and 1 hour a day. The reason of inactivity is absolutely from the shortage of time and the reasons of necessity are to get rid of stress and to manage health. The second, the correlation between the general features of spare time activities and the degree of work satisfaction of the male teachers is higher than that of female, and that of the older is higher than that of younger, but there are no differences according to the teaching profession career. The third, the degree of work satisfaction marks the highest when the spare time is given to teachers with the purpose of promoting the willingness to work after office time in school, and also it marks high on weekend and holiday spare time activities with playing sports. The suggestions base on the results are as follows: Teachers should take the practical postures of their own accord positively with the recognitions of the spare time activity is not a rest, and the supervisors should support the development of various activity programs and teachers' participation. Furthermore, the space for the activation of spare time culture and economic assistance system is insured and supplemented by which students, parents of students, teachers, and the residents of the region might be joined together.

시장진입에 대한 효과적 대응전략

고동희 한국산업조직학회 2003 産業組織硏究 Vol.11 No.4

Hoteling 모형을 이용하여 기존기업이 신규기업의 진입에 대용하여 신규상품을 생산할 수 있는 시장을 분석한다. 기존기업이 현대 판매하고 있는 제품이 한 쪽 끝에 위치하고 있는 경우에는 두 기업의 제품간에 최대의 차별화가 발생하며 기존기업은 신규제품을 생산하지 않는다. 하지만 기존기업이 현재 판매하고 있는 제품이 직선 상의 양 끝 사이에 위치하는 경우에는 신규기업의 제품은 기존제품과 가장 멀리 떨어진 곳에 위치하며, 기존기업은 기존제품보다 신규기업의 제품과 더 많이 차별화된 신규제품을 생산한다. Using a Hotelling model, I analyze a market where an incumbent can react to entry by producing a new product. When an incumbent product is located at one extreme of the line, an entrant enters with a product located at the other extreme. In this situation, an incumbent never produces a new product. Meanwhile, when an incumbent product is located inside the line, an entrant product is located at one extreme further away from the incumbent s. An incumbent produces a new product which is more differentiated from the entrant's than its old product.

TFD 소자의 전기적 특성에 관한 상위전극의 영향

최희동,이명재,고동완,곽성관,김동식,정관수 慶熙大學校 레이저 工學硏究所 2002 레이저공학 Vol.13 No.-

In this work, we examined the electrical and mechanical characteristics of TFD devices for various top electrode materials by measuring barrier height and performing ASE depth profile. It was found that the shift of current-voltage(Ⅰ-Ⅴ) characteristics of TFD device depends on the top electrode material. The main reason of the asymmetry in Ⅰ-Ⅴ curve was the differences in barrier height of top and bottom electrodes, and chemical composition at the interface region between top electrode and insulator layer also was important reason. The barrier heights(φ_B) evaluated from temperature dependence of the Ⅰ-Ⅴ relation are 0.7795(Al) 1.0287(Ti) and 1.2928(Ta) eV.

구속된 비행 청소년들의 석방 후 6개월 이내 재범의 예측요인

서동혁,정선주,손창호,김원식,고승희,함봉진,조성진,김영기,이중재 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.3

연구목적 : 본 연구는 범법행위로 인해 검참에 구속된 청소년들의 6개월 이내 재범여부를 예측할 수 있는 요인을 분석함으로써 재범의 가능성이 높은 청소년들을 조기에 선별하여 적절한 중재를 시행하기 위한 목적으로 시행되었다. 방 법 : 검찰에 구속된 후 교도소나 소년원에 수감되지 않고 석박된 남자 청소년 125명을 대상으로 하였다. 범죄기록 검토를 통해 사회인구학적, 범죄관련 변인들에 대해 조사하였고, 가족환경 및 부모양육태도, 정신병리, 성격장애, 도덕발달수준 등과 연관된 변인을 알아보기 위해, 부모-이동 갈등해결척도(CTSPC), 한국판 가정환경척도(FES), 한국형 부모양육행동척도, 간이정신진단검사(SCL-90-R), Beck 우울증척도, Beck 불안 척도, 한국판 청소년용 도덕발달수준 평가도구와 한국판 성격장애검사(PDQ-R)를 시행하였다. 결 과 : 전체 연구대상 125명 중 55명 (44%)이 석방 후 6개월 이내에 1회 이상의 재범을 행하였다. 재범군은 비재범군에 비해 구속당시 나이가 어리고, 신체적 학대력이 높았으며, 도덕발달수준이 낮고, SCL-90-R의 적대감척도점수가 높으며 PDQ-R의 반사회적 인격장애에 해당되는 경우가 많았다. 두 집단간 가족환경이나 부모양육태도에는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 재범군은 폭력범죄로 구속된 경우가 비재범군에 비해 적었고 첫 범죄시 연령이 어리고 전과가 있는 경우가 많았다. 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과, 재범에 대한 예측요인으로 첫 범죄당시 연령(오즈비=2.91), 반사회적 성격장애(오즈비=2.85), 신체적 학대력(오즈비=2.65)의 세 변인이 포함되었으며, 재범여부에 대한 판별력은 72.8%로 나타났다. 결 론 : 본 연구결과 구속된 청소년들의 재범률이 매우 높다는 사실과 범죄행위에 가담한 연령이 어릴수록, 반사회적 성격장애가 있고 성장과정 중 부모로부터 학대를 받은 경험이 있을수록 반복적인 범죄를 저지를 위험도가 높다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 향후 비행 청소년들의 재범을 예방하기 위해서는 이러한 특성을 가진 고위험군에 대한 조기개입 및 적응을 돕기 위한 프로그램의 개발이 중요할 것으로 사료된다. Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the factors predicting recidivism within 6months after release in arrested juvenile delinquents for proper screening and intervention of high-risk-subjects. Methods : The subjects consisted of 125 arrested male adolescents who were released after legal procedure in prosecutor office and court. The socio-demographic and crime-related characteristics. Were evaluated by police records, and the familial, psychopathology and personality characteristics, and the level of moral development measured by the Conflict Tactics Scale(CTS), Family Environment Scale(FES), Parental Behavioral Inventory, Symptom Checklist-90-Revised(SCL-90-R), Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Korean form of Moral Developmental Inventory for adolescents, and Personality Disorder Questionnaire-Revised(PDQ-R). Results : The recidivism rate within 6 months after release was 44% of the initial sample, Recidivists were younger and had higher scores on Anger-hostility scale of SCL-90-R and lower principle morality score than nonrecidivists. More recidivists had history of physical abuse and antisocial personality disorder on PDQ-R than nonrecidivists. They also showed the crime-related characteristics of lower percent of violence crime, higher incidence of previous conviction, younger age of the first crime. Among those variables, logistic regression showed that age of first crime, antisocial personality disorder, and history of physical abuse best predicted the recidivism within 6months after release. Conclusion : These results of present study suggest that the recidivism rate of arrested male adolescents is very high, and the age of first crime, antisocial personality disorder and history of physical abuse were key factors predicting recidivism. To prevent repeated crime of delinquent adolescents, the development of programs for those high-risk groups to help rehabilitation and adaptation in community would be essentil.

土龍粉給食이 흰쥐의 消化吸收에 미치는 영향

白貞姬,宋東淑,高鎭福 新羅大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.17 No.-

This study aims to find effect of the diet mixed with earthworm flour on digestion and absorption of the albino rats, The growing albino rats (average weight of male albino rats is 72.3±1.7g and that of female albino rats is 71.8±1.4g) are blocked into three group. The diet groups are control group(GroupⅠ), the diet group fed with 2% mixed earthworm flour every three days (GroupⅡ), and the diet group fed with 2% mixed earthworm flour every day (GroupⅢ). These three group are fed for six weeks and their digestion and absorption rates of nutrients were measured in detail. The obtained results are as folows: 1. In case of male albino rats, the amount of protein intake of Group I was lower than that of Group Ⅱ and Ⅲ, but its protein absorption rate was almost the same as Group Ⅱ and Ⅲ In the case of female albino rats, the amount of protein intake and protein absorption rate of Group I were almost the same as Group Ⅱ and Ⅲ. 2. The amount of nitrogen retention of Group I was lower than that of Group Ⅱ and Ⅲ. 3. The fat absorption rate of Group I was almost the same as Group Ⅱ and Ⅲ. 4. Carbohydrate absorption rate and calory using rate of Group I were almost the same as Group Ⅱ and Ⅲ.

蜂毒藥鍼이 脊髓內 痛症關聯 神經細胞의 活性에 미치는 影響

鄭善喜,李栽東,高炯均,安秉哲,崔道永,朴東錫 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 2001 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2000 No.-

In spite of the use of Bee Venom aqua-acupuncture in the clinics, the scientific evaluation of effects is not enough. Bee Venom aqua-acupuncture is used according to the stimulation of acupuncture point and the chemical effects of Bee Venom. The aims of this study is to investigate the analgegic effects of the Bee Venom aqua-acupuncture, through the change of writhing reflex and the change of c-fos in secondary neurons in the spinal cord. Materials and Methods : Pain animal model was used acetic acid method. The changes of writhing reflex of the mice which were derived pain by injecting acetic acid into the abdomen, after stimulating Bee Venom aqua-acupuncture on Chungwan(CV12) were measured. We used Fos immunohistochemical technique to study the neuronal activity in the spinal cord. Results : 1.Expression of c-fos in superficial dosal horn(SDH), nucleus proprius(NP) and neck of dorsal horn(N) on 6~9th thoracic spine decreased significantly at 2.5×10-4g/kg Bee Venom aqua-acupuncture, compared with saline-acetic acid group. 2.The numeral change of Fos-LI neurons on the NP, N, and ventral gray(V) on 6~9th thoracic spine, SDH on 9~11th thoracic spine, and SDH and V on 11~13th thoracic spine decreased significantly at Chungwan(CV12) Bee Venom aqua-acupuncture, compared with saline-acetic acid group. 3.The correlation between the numbers of writhing reflex and Fos-LI neurons in T6-13 segment was statistically statistically significant at Chungwan(CV12) Bee Venom aqua-acupuncture. Conclusion : This study shows that the Bee Venom aqua-acupuncture on Chungwan(CV12) decreases the numbers of Fos-LI neurons. As the analgegic effects of Bee Venom aqua-acupuncture is recognized. Bee Venom aqua-acupuncture treatment is expected for pain modulation. In order to use it in many ways. more researches are needed for the dose and stability of Bee Venom aqua-acupuncture.

대구 유니버시아드대회 자원봉사활동에 대한 만족도 연구

황성동,성희자,고강호,전보경,권현수 慶北大學校 社會科學大學 2003 社會科學 Vol.15 No.-

이소시아네이트 노출 근로자의 천식에서 이소시아네이트 원인 점유율

안연순,고동희,문기태 大韓産業醫學會 2007 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.19 No.4

Objectives: Isocyanate-induced asthma is the most prevalent occupational asthma in Korea. The main purpose of this study was to estimate the etiologic fraction of isocyanate-related asthma in isocyanate- exposed (EFe) workers and to measure the magnitude of preventable occupational asthma. Methods: Asthma admissions from 2000 to 2005 were analyzed in a cohort containing 10,861 iso-cyanate-exposed workers and 324,618 isocyanate non-exposed workers who underwent the specialized health examination from January, 2000 to December, 2004. The cohorts of Isocyanate and noise-exposed workers were established using the same data base of Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA). Asthma admissions were investigated by matching the National Health Insurance Claim Data (NHICD). The standardized rate ratio (SRR) of admission was estimated by Poisson regression method to allow unbiased comparisons across exposure and other variables such as age and sex. The etiologic fraction for the isocyanate-exposed (EFe) workers was calculated using this formula (Efe=SRR-1/SRR). Results: Twenty-eight asthma admissions among the isocyanate-exposed workers and 321 non-exposed workers were observed during 2000∼2005. The crude admission rate was 57.2 per 100,000 person-years for the isocyanate-exposed workers and 25.0 for the noise-exposed workers, Compared to the noise-exposed workers, the isocyante-exposed workers had significantly higher asthma admission (SRR=2.80 95%CI=1.89∼4.14). The etiologic fraction for the isocyanate-exposed (EFe) workers was 64%. Conclusions: This study was limited by the restriction to admission cases and the short follow-up periods. Any difference of admission accessibility between the isocyanate-exposed and non-exposed workers will lead to either over- or under-estimation of the biased etiologic fraction for the isocyanate-exposed workers. The etiologic fraction for the isocyanate-exposed workers was 64% indicated that 64% of the asthma cases occurred in the isocyanate-exposed workers are preventable through occupational health management. 목적: 이 연구의 목적은 우리나라에서 가장 중요한 직업성천식원인물질인 이소시아네이트에 노출되는 근로자를 대상으로 이들 근로자의 천식 중 이소시아네이트의 원인 점유율을 산출하는 것이다. 방법: 2000년부터 2004년까지 이소시아네이트 및 소음 특수건강진단을 받은 근로자의 전산자료를 한국산업안전공단으로부터 수집하였다(한국산업안전공단에 2000년부터 특수건강진단을 받은 근로자의 자료가 전산화되어 있음) 이들 근로자에 대하여 2000년부터 2005년까지 6년간 천식으로 입원한 근로자의 자료를 건강보험심사평가원으로부터 조회하였다. 이소시아네이트와 소음 특수건강진단 수진자에 대하여 관찰인년을 계산하고 조입원률을 계산하였다. 소음 특수건강진단 근로자를 비교집단으로 하여 포아송 회귀분석 로그- 선형 상대 위험률 모형을 적용하여 이소시아네이트 특수건강진단 수전자의 입원의 표준화비율비를 산출하고 이를 이용하여 이소시아네이트 노출 근로자의 천식 중 이소시아네이트의 원인점유율을 산출하였다. 결과: 이소시아네이트 노출 근로자의 조입원률은 10만 관찰인년당 57.2명(남성 50.4명,여성 113.0명),소음은 25.0명(남성 22.7명,여성 31.6명)으로 이소시아네이트 노출 근로자의 천식 조입원률이 2.3배 높았고,여성의 경우 3.6배 높았다. 소음 노출 근로자에 대한 이소시아네이트 노출 근로자의 천식의 표준화비율비는 2.80(95% 신뢰구간 1. 89∼4.14)으로 소음 노출근로자에 비하여 이소시아네이트 노출 근로자의 입원이 180% 많았다. 이소시아네이트의 원인점유율은 64%(95% 신뢰구간 47∼76%)로 이소시아네트 노출 근로자에서 입원한 천식의 64%는 이소시아네이트에 의한 것으로 분석되었다. 결론: 이 연구에서 이용한 자료는 천식 입원자료로 유병자료라는 제한점이 있다. 그러나 이 연구는 국내에서 처음으로 특정 물질 노출군(특히 우리나라 직업성천식의 가장 흔한 천식 유발물질인 이소시아네이트 노출군)을 대상으로 천식 중 직업(노출)의 원인점유율을 측정한 것은 의의가 있다. 이 연구에서 이소시아네이트 노출군의 천식 중 노출 회피 등을 통하여 예방 가능한 부분이 64%이고, MDI 노출군의 천식의 상대위험도와 원인점유율이 TDI 보다 높다는 사실은 이소시아네이트 노출 근로자 산업보건관리에 매우 중요한 의미가 있다고 판단된다. 향후 이 연구결과를 이소시아네이트 노출 근로자의 직업성천식 예방 및 산재 보상정책을 수립하는데 기초자료로 활용할 필요가 있다고 판단된다.