모 제약회사 근로자들의 직업성 천식 유병률과 약제 분말 노출수준

오성수,최용휴,김은아,이영목,장재길,유장진,박승현,김태균,정수영,김규상,강성규 大韓産業醫學會 2006 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.18 No.2

목적: 제약회사에서 직업상 천식의 유병 규모를 파악하고 작업공정에 대한 작업환경 측정을 통해 제약회사의 약제 분말에 대한 노출수준을 평가하고자 하였다. 방법: 제약회사에서 약제 분말에 노출되는 근로자를 대상으로 천식을 선별하기 위하여 설문조사 및 진찰, 혈액검사, 폐기능 검사 그리고 피부단자시험을 실시하였고, 각 부서별 공정에 따라서 총분진과 항생제 또는 효소제 분말에 대한 작업환경 측정을 실시하였다. 직업상 천식이 의심되는 근로자에 대하여 기관지과민성에 대한 검사(메타콜린을 이용한 비특이 기관지유발시험)와 약제 분말 기관지유발시험을 실시하여 확진하였다. 결과: 설문조사 및 진찰에서 작업 관련 천식 증상이 있는 근로자는 11명(34.4%)이었고, 약제 분말을 이용한 피부단자시험에서 1+ 이상 반응을 보인 근로자 10명(31.2%)이었다. 비특이 기관지유발시험 결과 8명(25.0%)이 양성(PC20 ≤16 mg/ml)이었다. 약제 분말 기관지유발시험을 통해 직업상 천식으로 확진된 근로자는 5명(15.6%)이었다. 작업환경 측정에서 원료를 충진하거나 투입하는 작업 그리고 정립작업에서 약제 분말에 대한 노출이 많았다. 결론: 제약회사에서 직업상 천식은 주로 제조공정 중 약제 분말에 노출된 근로자에서 발생하여, 증상 및 직업성 천식의 유병률이 높았다. 따라서 원료를 충진 또는 투입하는 작업과 정립작업 등 제조과적에서 약제 분말 노출을 줄이기 위한 세심한 주의가 필요하여, 약제 분말을 취급하는 근로자에 대해서는 천식 증상 조사뿐 아니라 정기적으로 피부단자시험, 비특이 기관지유발시험 등을 실시하여야 할 것이다. Objectives: After the investigation of one worker with occupational asthma, we surveyed the preva- lence of occupational asthma and the exposure level of pharmaceutical dust of 32 workers in a pharmaceutical company. Methods: Thirty-two of the 90 employees participated in the survey which consisted of questionnaire, blood sampling, spirometry and skin prick tests with 8 common allergens as well as 9 antibiotics and 2 enzymes. Various indices of the working environment were also measured. Subjects who had a symptom suggestive of work-related asthma or positive skin prick test were further investigated by PC20 methacholine. Nine subjects who had a PC20 result of 16 mg/ml or less (n=7) or had work-related symptoms and positive skin prick test (n=2) were referred to undergo a specific bronchial provocation test to phar- maceutical dust in an academic allergic disease center. Results: Eleven of 32 workers (34.4%) had a work-related symptom suggestive of occupational asthma. Ten (31.2%) showed positive skin prick test. 8 (25.0%) had a PC20 result of 16 mg/ml or less (indicative of significant bronchial hyperresponsiveness), and 5 (15.6%) had a positive result on the specific bronchial provocation test. Exposure levels of stuffing, input of raw materials and screening process were relatively high. Conclusions: This survey showed that pharmaceutical workers have an increased risk of occupational asthma. Although pharmaceutical factories maintain a relatively good working environment, careful control of respiratory tract exposures, especially during stuffing, input or raw materials and screening process, is important to prevent occupational asthma. Pharmaceutical workers need to undergo regular skin prick and methacholine bronchial provocation tests, as well as asthmatic symptom survey, to ensure the early detection and prevention of occupational asthma.

입원중인 환자들의 권리인식과 만족도

김선민,이태용,오장균,박암 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1992 충남의대잡지 Vol.19 No.1

The author studied the recognition of patient's right and the degree of one's satisfaction to help set the index of doctor-patient relationship. The data was collected from 423 patients who were admitted to the hospital in Taejeon for fifteen days from Aug. 10, 1991 to Aug. 25, 1991. The results were as the follows: 1. The recognition of the patient's right and the degree of satisfaction were 4.46±0.734, 3.20±0.884 of total 5.0 score in each mean level. 2. "I believe a patient has a right to be treated equal.", "I believe a patient has a right to be compensated in medical accident." and "A patient should be told his diagnosis, treatment, prognosis about the disease by the doctor." were high mean level among each question. Their mean levels were 4.73, 4.69, 4.66 in sequence. 3. The recognition of patient's right by the age was the highest in teenager. It was lowest in above fifty years old. It was lower as age increase. There were statistically significant difference(P<0.05). The recognition of patient's right by the level of education was highest in college level and lowest in primary school level, but the degree of satisfaction was highest in primary school level and lowest in high school. The higher the education level was, the higher the recognition of patient's right was, but the lower it was, the higher the degree of satisfaction was. There was statistically significant difference(P<0.01). The recognition of patient's right be family income was highest in high income level but the degree of satisfaction was lowest. There was statistically significant difference in the recognition of patient's right(P<0.01). 4. Correlation between the recognition of patient's right and the degree of its satisfaction: "To be advised if the hospital proposes to engage in human experimentation affecting his care to patient one has the right to refuse to participate in such research projects was positive correlation with the degree of its satisfaction(r=0.1153). There was statistically significant difference(P<0.01). There were no correlation in other questions. 5. Correlation among each questions for the recognition of patient's right was highest between "…to expect that all communications and records pertaining to his care should be treated as confidential" and "…the right to know what hospital rules and regulations apply to his conduct as a patient"(r=.6314). 6. Correlation among each questions for the degree of satisfaction was highest between "…to considerate and respectful care" and "…to expect that within its capacity a hospital must make reasonable response to the request of a patient for services"(r=.6314).

치아회분의 세포독성 및 과민성 검사

김영균,김수관,이장희 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2001 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.23 No.5

The purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity and hypersensivity of toothash which we deloped. As a result of a cell toxicity experiment to use MTT assay, there were no differences between toothash group and control group. The cytotoxicity was thought to be absent. Particular allergic reaction did not appear compared with the control group in toothash group.

방사선치료시 종양선량 예측 프로그램에 관한 연구

김유현,김창균,박장필 高麗大學校 倂設 保健大學 保健科學硏究所 2003 保健科學論集 Vol.29 No.1

The aim of this study is to develop a computer program which computes in-vivo doses from transmission doses measured during patient treatment using an ionization chamber. As the Kim's papaer, We adopted a straightforward empirical approach using a phantom transmission factor (PTF) which accounts for the contribution from all three factors. We develop the program which computes tumor doses by Microsoft Visual Basic Application program for D_(center) = D_(t)/PTF(d_(g), T_(p))×(SCD/SAD)²× BSF(r_(o))× S_(p)(r_(p,eff)) × TMR(d, r_(p,eff)). To make certain the accuracy of this program, we checked the accuracy for the following cases; in cases of regular or irregular field size, inhomogeneous material included. The errors were within 0.7% for regular field size, 2.5% irregular field size, 3.8% when inhomogeneous material was included in the phantom. It is considered that this program can make the quality control for dose at the time of radiation therapy because it is non-invasive that makes possible to measure the doses whenever a patient is given a therapy as well as eliminates the problem for entrance or exit dose measurement.

Acidic primer를 이용한 교정용 브라켓 접착의 전단결합강도

김진희,진훈희,오장균 대한치과교정학회 2001 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.31 No.1

Acidic primer는 하나의 용액으로 conditioning과 priming을 동시에 시행하는 새로운 접착 시스템으로 치질의 손상이 적고 처리 과정이 간단한 특징을 지닌다. 본 실험은 acidic primer를 이용하여 치면처리를 시행한 후 기존의 접착제로 브라켓을 접착할 때 적절한 결합강도를 지니는지 평가하기 위하여 고안되었다. 50개의 사람 소구치를 5개군으로 나누어 4개군은 acidic primer로 법랑질을 처리한 후 Clearfil Liner bond 2R(1군), Transbond XTR(2군), Panavia 21R(3군), Fuji Ortho LCR(4군)로 브라켓을 접착하였고 1개군은 Transbond XTR를 통상적인 산부식 방법을 이용하여 접착(5군)한 후 전단 결합 강도를 측정하고 접착 파절의 양상을 평가하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. Acidic primer로 처리한 4개의 군 가운데 광중합형 글래스 아이오노머를 사용한 군(4군)의 전단결합강도(9.72 ± 3.16 MPa)와 Panavia 21R을 사용한 군(3군)의 전단 결합 강도(8.69 ± 2.72 MPa)는 37% 인산으로 처리한 후 광중합형 레진(Transbond XTR)을 사용한 군(5군)의 전단결합강도(10.48 ± 2.60 Mpa)와 유의성있는 차이를 보이지 않았다 (P〉0.05). 2. Acidic primer로 처리한 4개의 군 가운데 광중합형 글래스 아이오노머를 사용한 군(4군)과 Panavia 21R을 사용한 군(3군)의 전단 결합 강도는 Clearfil Liner bond 2R를 사용한 군(1군)의 전단 결합 강도(1.09 ± 0.53Mpa)와 광중합형 레진(Transbond XTR)을 사용한 군(2군)의 전단 결합 강도(2.70 ± 1.46Mpa)에 비해 유의하게 큰 강도를 보였다 (P〈0.05). 3. 접착제 잔류지수 측정 결과 4군(2.1 ± 1.1)과 5군(2.9 ± 0.3)의 경우 1군(0,2 ± 0.4), 2군(0.3 ± 0.9), 3군(0.2 ± 0.4)에 비해 접착제 잔류지수가 유의하게 높았다 (P〈0.05). 4. 4군과 5군의 접착제 잔류 지수간에는 유의한 차이가 없었다 (P〉0.05). 따라서 acidic primer로 치면을 처리하는 방법은 시용되는 접착제에 따라 기존의 산부식 접착법과 유사한 결합강도를 얻을 수 있어 교정용 브라켓 접착시 산부식 단계를 생략할 수 있는 가능성을 보여준다. Acidic primer is the bonding agent which combines the conditioning and priming agent into the single solution and was originally developed for the dentin bonding system. It is less harmful to the tooth structure and more convenient to manipulate than the traditional etching procedure. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the shear bond strength of various bonding materials when the enamel is treated with acidic primer for the bracket bonding procedure. Fifty recently extracted human premolars were randomly separated into five groups : Group I using Clearfil Liner Bond 2 adhesive system to the enamel treated with acidic primer, Group II using Transbond XT adhesive system to the enamel treated with acidic primer, Group III using panavia 21 adhesive system to the enamel treated with acidic primer, Group IV using Fuji-Ortho LC adhesive system to the enamel treated with acidic primer, Group V using Transbond XT adhesive system to the enamel treated with 37% phosphoric acid. The shear bond strength was measured with Instron universal testing machine after storing in 37℃ water bath for 48 hours. After debonding, the teeth and brackets were examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM) and assessed with the adhesive remnant index (ARI). The results were as follows : 1. There were no significant differences in shear bond strength between group III (8.69 ± 2.72 MPa), group IV (9.7 ± 3.16 MPa), and group V (10.48 ± 2.60 Mpa) (p〉0.05). 2. The shear bond strength of group III and group IV was significantly higher than that of group I (1.09 ± 0.53 Mpa), and Group II (2.70 ± 1.46Mpa) (p〈0.05). 3. The ARI of group IV (2.1 ± 1.1) and group V (2.9 ± 0.3) was significantly higher than that of group I (0.2 ± 0.4), group II (0.3 ± 0.9) and group III (0.2 ± 0.4) (p〈0.05). 4. There were no significant difference between the ARI of group IV and group V (p〉0.05). This result suggests that the combination of acidic primer and some bonding adhesive can provide sufficient shear bond strength for clinical orthodontics.

현대 무도(武道)의 지향과제에 대한 논의

최종균,장재이,홍장표,박순진,김의영 龍仁大學校 武道硏究所 1999 武道硏究所誌 Vol.10 No.1

I would like to make the following suggestions on the basis of such problems as arguments over the philosophies and historicity of modern martial arts, a flood of groups with commercialism, the absence of true martial arts in the wake of game-oriented trends, and the stagnation of martial arts. First, the philosophy and historicity of martial arts should be established. I should like to suggest that the philosophy of martial arts should be established through the understanding of the changing aspect of the Eastern cultures and changes in the meanings of martial arts. Second, the groups of martial arts should be fostered in a synthetic fashion. Third, the methods of running martial-art games should be improved. That is, it is necessary that the games should be improved in order to activate the essence of martial arts. Fourth, martial arts should be made academic. Philosophy, science and Comtism should be organically connected so that martial arts may be academically systemized.

신이식환자에서 Thiopurine Methyltransferase의 활성이 Azathioprine 치료에 미치는 영향

조주연,배균섭,유경상,이소영,장인진,신상구,김상준,하종원,안규리 大韓臨床藥理學會 2000 臨床藥理學會誌 Vol.8 No.1

임상가검물에서 분리된 효모의 임상적 의의

유병용,이원길,김재식,전효진,노략균,이장백,김중명 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1990 慶北醫大誌 Vol.31 No.4

1988년 1월부터 동년 12월말까지 경북대학교병원 임상병리과에 의뢰된 가검물 중에서 효모가 분리되었던 환자는 159명이었고, 남자와 여자의 비율은 1.8이었으며 1세 이하와 30세 이상에서 많았다. 또 분리 동정된 효모 총 159주 중 객담에서 78주(49.1%), 요에서 64주(40.3%), 복막액 5주(3.1%) 편도와 대변 각각 4주(2.5%), 농에서 3주(1.9%) 뇌척수액에서 1주(0.6%) 순으로 분리되었다. 분리된 효모로는 Candida albicans가 68주(42.8%), Candida tropicalis 33주(20.8%) Torulopsis glabrata 20주(12.6%), Candida parapsilosis 17주(10.7%), Trichosporon beigelli 7주(4.4%), Torulopsis candida 5주(3.1%), Torulopsis inconspicua와 Saccharomyces cerevisiae가 각 4주(2.5%), Candida guilliermondii 1주(0.6%) 순으로 있었다. 환자들의 기존질병은 폐질환이 70예, 요로질환이 40예 악성종양 및 당뇨병이 각 22예, 간질환 16예, 순환기 질환이 12예 등으로 나타났으며, 유인중 항생제 사용은 114예(80.0%), 수술 49예(34.3%), 카테터 46예(32.2%), 스테로이드사용 28예(19.6%) 악성종양과 당뇨병이 22예(15.4%), 항암제 사용이 10예(7.0%)로 나타났다. 유인이 2개 중복된 경우는 43예, 3개 중복은 38예, 4개는 11예, 5개는 2예로 나타났다. Yeast infection is commonest fungal infection of human. And their incidence becomes to be increased as the frequency of altered host immune system is increased. Antibiotics, cytotoxic drug, malignancy, diabetes mellitus, operative procedures and catherizations are predisposition of fungal infection. Since antifungal drug within a selective or narrow range of activity are available, it is important that speciation of yeast in routine clinical microbiology practice should be effected rapidly and reliably. Author isolated 159 strains of yeast and that were identified by API 20C Auxanogram®. Patient charts were reviewed retrogradely in order to find predisposing factors of isolated yeast cells. Yeast isolation is 1.8(102:57) of male to female rtio and is more frequently below 1 year-old and above 30 year-old in both sexes. Septum(49.1%). urine(40.3%) were major specimens in which yeast isolated. Candida albicans(42.8%), Candida tropicalis(20.8%), Torulopsis glabrata(12.6%), Candida parapsilosis(10.7%) were frequently identified species in order. Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis were frequently isolated species among various specimens. Pulmonary diseases, urinary tract diseases, malignancy, and diabetes mellitus were major underlying diseases. And antibiotic(80.0%), operative procedure(34.3%), catherterization(32.2%), steroid(19.6%), malignancy(15.4%), diabetes mellitus(15.4%) and cytotoxic drug(7.0%) were predisposed in order.

스모(相撲)경기의 변천과정과 그 특성

강신석,최종균,김의영,홍장표 龍仁大學校 武道硏究所 1998 武道硏究所誌 Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of this study are to examine the historical transition of the SUMO, the mother of the Japanese chivalry culture and to investigate the cultural character of the Japanese chivalry which has sprung from the SUMO techniques as well, The conculusion from this study as follow: The history of the Japanese SUMO has start from the myth and has been developed with the agricultual belief, the nature worship and peaceful war-settlment as its backing. The historical transition of the SUMO is as follow: JINJI SUMO - In the age of the civil wars, the SUMO was used as a body training method for warrios to prepare the hand-to-hand fighting and the JU JYUTS were derived from the TORI TE, one of the SUMO's techniques. Besides it was a great epoch that a primitive from of the SUMO -playing ground (the DO HYO) was originated from this age. KAN JIN SUMO- As the war situation has been stabilized, the SUMO started to be adapted for performance. From this spot, the private-initiated SUMO and SUMO-playing ground analoguous to the present ground have emerged. Through this transition, the SUMO has passed by changes of techniques and systems and is it all its glory of today. The SUMO is a intangible cultural asset which connotes a cultural, philosophical thought and an outlook on the phsique of JAPAN and Now expends a great effort on the SUMO-globalization.

p-진 q-적분의 변천사에 대한 고찰

장이채,서종진,김태균,Jang, Lee-Chae,Seo, Jong-Jin,Kim, Tae-Kyun 한국수학사학회 2009 Journal for history of mathematics Vol.22 No.4

In the end of 20th century, the concept of p-adic invariant q-integral was introduced by Taekyun Kim. The p-adic invariant q-integral is the extension of Jackson's q-integral on complex space. It is also considered as the answer of the question whether the ultra non-archimedian integral exists or not. In this paper, we investigate the background of historical mathematics for the p-adic invariant q-integral on $Z_p$ and the trend of the research in this field at present. 20세기말 p-진 공간에서 p-진 q-적분의 개념이 김태균에 의해서 처음 도입 되었다([11]). 이러한 적분은 복소수 공간에서 잭슨의 q-적분을 p-진 공간으로 확장 시킨 것이며 또한 울트라 비 아르키메디언 적분의 존재성에 대한 질문의 답으로 볼 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 p-진 q-적분의 수학사적 배경을 살펴보고, 현재 어떠한 방향으로 연구가 진행되고 있는지를 고찰한다.