ja/JA의 담화기능에 관한 연구

김홍자(Hong Ja Kim) 언어과학회 2002 언어과학연구 Vol.23 No.-

Through the modalparticles ja/JA. the speaker delivers speech intentions to the listener by referring to `previous knowledge`. As emotional expressions are described in strong, emphatic tones, intonations can serve the same function. The use of JA. therefore, can lend a sense of friendliness and warmth to a conversation. Thus, the use of modal particles can carry more persuasion in communication. For successful communication, the speaker considers different styles of language use. For instance, by using `ja` in an exclamatory tone, the speaker expresses surprise about a situation. To the same effect, the speaker can express a sense of surprise to the hearer using other forms of language, but modal particles can create a conversational cohesion and friendliness with emotional impact. When used in the form of `JA`, the speaker can deliver emotional impact to convey that the action required of the listener is `previous knowledge` and is important. Thus, a message that the listener will be penalized or endangered if the instruction is not followed can be sent. Warning, alarming and emphasizing functions can be fulfilled, with `ja` used as part of a response to the speech of the other person and with `JA` used in the process of structuring the speaker`s speech.

폐결핵치료 중인 환자에서 Rifampicin에 의해 유발된 위막성 대장염 2예

김봉진,권균홍,임창섭,김자영,홍정범,옥미선,배용목,김지연 고신대학교의과대학 2008 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.23 No.4

Pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) is a disease caused by Clostridium difficile proliferation. The causative drugs are clindamycin, third-generation cephalosporins, flouroquinolone and so on. Rifampicin has been reported as a cause of PMC in the 1980s, and the frequency of PMC is increasing because rifampicin is a first line drug for anti-tuberculosis therapy. Two patients were recently admitted to our hospital due to watery diarrhea for 1 month and they were diagnosed with PMC by sigmoidoscopy. Their onset age were 74, 72 years old and latent period of symptoms were 60, 129 days, respectively. In one case, the patient displayed coexisting hypertension and diabetes. The clinical symptoms improved after discontinuing the rifampicin and then administering oral metronidazole. We report here on two cases presumed to be rifampicin-induced PMC.

산업근로자의 식생활 의식행태 조사

김무룡,황연자,차경미,이순자,위광복,남철현,김기열,김홍길 慶山大學校 保健福祉硏究所 1997 保健福祉硏究 Vol.1 No.-

This study was carried out to grasp the awareness and habits of food intake and use the information for health education program in order to help healthy dietary life. The survey was done in cooperation with health manager in industries on 1,200 workers who was selected randomly from 5 types of industries from Sep. 2 to Oct. 31, 1995. The results are summarized as follows: 1) The percentage of subjects who assess themselves "Healthy" was more higher in female, in 20∼29 age group, in single, in daytime workers, in college graduate than other groups respectively. 2) As for the degree of health education satisfaction, 35.5% of the subjects answered "dissatisfaction" 3) As for the exercise, 52.7% exercised for their health and the rate of exercise was more higher in male, in 30 years age group, in single than other groups respectively. 4) The rate of smoking was 57.6% and the rate of drinking alcohol was 47.3%. 5) 92.8% of the subjects got stress everyday and the rate is more higher in female, in less than 19 years old, in single, in longer working duration, in lower income, in high school graduates, in workers of product field line than other groups respectively. 6) As for drinking times of coffee or soft drink, two times per day was 29.5%, more three times per day was 28.0%. As for the eating speed of meal, 46.0% of the subjects answered "fast" and the rate was more higher in male, in 30 years age group, in married group, than other groups respectively. 7) With regard to the level of preference to instant food, 23.1% preferred to take instant food. As for the level of preference to hot and salty food, 28.1% preferred to have hot and salty food. 8) The score of eating behavior was 3.38±32 point to 6 point full marks. 9) With regard to the correlation among related variables, the variables of gender, marital status and working duration had positive relation with the variables of regular meal intake, the preference to food intake between regular meals.

Praat를 활용한 한국인 영어 학습자의 발음편차

김홍자(Kim Hong-Ja) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2016 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.16 No.3

외국어 발음능력과 관련해서 초분절음운적 측면에서의 편차를 훨씬 더 비중있게 다루고 있어, 영어 발음교육현장에서 개개 음들에 대한 기본 지식뿐만 아니라 단어, 문장 강세라든지 템포, 음의 높낮이, 멜로디에 대한 교육의 중요성도 강조하고 있다 (Hirschfeld, 1994; 박세진, 2013; 박희석, 2013). 이에 본 연구는 한국인 영어 학습자들의 교육현장에서 수용적 방해를 줄이기 위해서 이들의 초분절음적 측면에서의 발 음편차를 살펴보고 이러한 오류들을 유형화 시키는 데 목적이 있다. 한국인 영어 학습자의 듣기, 말하기 교육현장에서 수용적 방해를 줄이기 위해서 이들의 초분절음적 측면에서의 발음편차를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이에 한국인 대학생들의 영어 학습자들이 공통적인 혹은 유사한 음운적 능력과 오류의 특징을 분류하여 피험자들의 어학 연수경험과 지방출신별로 부정적 전이와의 관련성을, 발음교정을 받은 대학생들을 대상으로 Praat 프로그램을 통해 분석된 결과를 토대로 제공한 시각적인 자료에 의해 뒷받침되고 있다. 결과는 한국인 영어학습자의 심층적인 이해를 통해 더욱 효과적인 발음 교육방법 개발에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다. Kim, Hong-Ja. 2015. Pronunciation Errors of Korean Learners on the segmental Level in English. Today, the communication skill is considered more important than the pronunciation skills of the phonemes in a foreign language teaching. The changes in the word and sentence stress can lead to difficulty in understanding. For this reason, the contrastive study of the two languages on segmental level is required more than the contrastive study on the segmental level. The segmental features in the English have a distinctive function. But the segmental features in Korean have distinctive function. Therefore, the contrastive study on the segmental level is properly researched. In this paper, Pronunciation errors of Korean learners on the segmental level in English are examined. For most Korean learners, the first syllable was stressed within a word. They pronounced words without considering the length (long or short) of vowels. Because Korean learners did not make a significant difference in pitch pronunciation and tension, it was difficult to determine which melody pattern (rising, falling or level) was realized.

내시경역행성담췌관조영술 후 발생한 종격동기종, 피하공기증, 긴장성 기흉 1예

조용건,이현승,권균홍,김자영,김봉진,김지연,배용목,박선자 고신대학교의과대학 2008 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.23 No.4

However, Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is still helpful procedure for the diagonosis of the pancreatobiliary disease and treatment through endoscopic sphinterectomy (EST) is relatively safe, these have possiblity of complications such as hemorrhage, infection, panceatitis, and perforation. ERCP related perforation was rarely reported in 0.3 to 1.1% of previous study, but most serious complication. A report of Pneumomediastinum, Tension Pneumothorax complicating perforation after ERCP and EST is very uncommon. In our hospital, we experienced case of pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema, and tension pneumothorax after ERCP and EST, and the patient (a 58 years old female with suspicious common bile duct stone) was treated successfully with conservative treatment.

말기 위암 외래 환자에게 제공된 통증관리의 염려 및 주저정도에 미치는 효과

공성화,이상홍,정자현,김지영,이수연,김순애 임상간호사회 2004 임상간호연구 Vol.10 No.1

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of cancer pain-management-education on the concerns and hesitancy of pain-management in out-patient of terminal gastric cancer. Method: 24 terminal gastric cancer patients who had not surgery, were assigned to the control group and 24 were assigned to the experimental group receiving pain-management-education. As Measurement-instrument of concern on pain-management and questionnaire on degrees of hesitancy were used the questionnaire developed by Ward( 1993) and translated by Kim Hong-Soo(1998). Data were analyzed per descriptive analysis, x²-test and t-test with the SPSS 10.0 program. Result: Degrees of concern of cancer-patient on pain-management between experimental-group and control-group showed significant difference: Experimental-group changed from 2.52 to 1.13 point(maximum 5 point) and control-group from 2.59 to 2.40 point(p=.000). Degrees of hesitancy of cancer-patient on pain-management between two groups showed significant difference. Experimental-group changed from 2.33 to 1.35 point and control-group from 2.77 to 2.52 point(p=.000). Conclusion: Above findings showed that pain-management-education reduces the concern and hesitancy on pain-management in out-patient of terminal gastric cancer. We conclude that the pain-management-education in this study was identified the effective nursing program.

3次元 SCENE의 認識과 理解에 關한 小考

洪英杓,金子龍 진주여자전문대학 1990 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

視覺에 의하여 3次元 物體나 環境을 認識 또는 理解하기 위한 技術은 2次元 패턴을 對象으로 하는 境遇와 크게 다른 側面을 가진다. 本 論文에서는 3次元 scene를 認識.理解하기 위한 技術과 一般 scene를 制限하므로서 얻을 수 있는 特定 scene 모델의 設定및 그 活用이라는 立場에서 論하였다. 特定 scene 모델을 設定함으로서 畵像 特徵에서 scene 特徵으로의 變換法則이나 scene 特徵 및 모델과의 照合 알고리즘을 具體化할 수 있다. The techniques to identify and understand the 3 dimensional objects or circumstances by sight is has much difference from those of 2 dimensional. This paper studies the technique to identify and understand the 3 dimensional scence and establishs and utilities a specific scence model to be achieved by limiting general scence. By establishing the specific scence model transformation rule from image characteristics to scence characteristies and merge algorism with scence characteristics and the model can be embodied.

환경과학교육과 교사교육에 관한 연구

김자홍,이병운 全北大學校 敎育大學院 1981 敎育論叢 Vol.1 No.-

환경과학교육에 대한 태도와 교수방법에 대하여 설문지법으로 393명의 반응을 얻었다. 환경과학교육을 다른 교과목에 추가하여 다루게 될 경우 현재 실시되고 있는 교과과정에서 관련요소를 추출하고 교과목표 및 개념체계를 수립하였다. The attitude and science teaching toward the environmental science education have been surveyed by the questionaire method collected from 393 teachers. As a new subject to be added to other disciplines, in which case its objectives and concept systems were established, and the elements which is related to their contents in current secondary school science curriculum were infused.

Lipoprotein(a)와 대동맥판막과 승모판막 경화증 및 복부 대동맥 두께의 상관관계에 대한 연구

김민수,유근배,이상운,임양희,신길자,조홍근 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1998 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.21 No.3

연구배경 : Lipoprotein(a)의 농도와 대동맥판막의 두께, 승모판막의 두께 및 복부 대동맥의 두께와의 관계에 대하여 조사하고, 다른 관상동맥질환의 위험인자와의 관계를 규명해 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 연구방법 : 1995년 6월부터 1996년 5월까지 이화여자대학교 의과대학 부속 동대문병원에서 심초음파검사를 시행하였던 환자 116명을 대상으로 하였으며 이중 급성심근경색증, 갑상선질환 및 혈청 지질치에 영향을 미치는 약제를 복용중인 환자를 제외하였다. 성별, 나이, 고혈압의 유무, 흡연유무 및 혈청 콜레스테롤, 고밀도지단백콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 저밀도지단백콜레스테롤, lipoprotein(a)치를 측정하였고, 미국 휼레트 패커드사의 Sono 1000 을 이용하여 대동맥판막의 두께, 승모판막의 두께 및 대동맥의 두께를 측정하였다. 결과 : 1) Lipoprotein(a)는 남자가 34.6±34.3mg/dl, 여자가 25.6±23.4mg/dl 이었으며, 총 콜레스테롤, 저밀도 지단백콜레스테롤 및 고밀도지단백콜레스테롤, 중성지방에는 남녀간에 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 2) Lipoprotein(a) 농도와는 대동맥판막의 두께만이 의의있는 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, 승모판막의 두께, 복부대동맥 두께 및 상행 대동맥의 내경과는 관계가 없었다. 3) Lipoprotein(a)와 일반 특성 및 생화학적인 특성과의 관계에서 Lipoprotein의 농도는 오직 흡연과 관계가 있었으며(p<0.01), 혈압, 연령, 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 고밀도지단백콜레스테롤 및 저밀도지단백콜레스테롤과는 무관하였다. 4) 18명의 환자에서 관상동맥조영술을 실시하여 관상동맥질환의 유무 및 정도와 대동맥 판막두께와의 관계를 분석한 결과 대동맥 판막이 두꺼울수록 관상동맥질환의 정도가 심했다(p<0.01). 결론 : 본 연구에서 lipoprotein(a)농도와 대동맥 판막의 두께가 의의있는 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, lipoprote-in(a)의 농도는 흡연력만 관계가 있었다. 또한, 대동맥 판막이 두꺼울수록 관상동맥 질환의 정도가 심한 것을 볼 때, lipoprotein(a)의 농도 및 대동맥판막의 두께가 관상동맥 질환의 위험인자가 될 것으로 생각된다. Background : An elevated serum lipoprotein(a) level is an independent risk factor for athe-rosclerotic diseases, and the lipoprotein(a) level is correlated to preclinical atherosclerosis. To evaluate the association between lipoprotein(a) and aortic selerosis, ,itral sclerosis, and abdominal aorta thickness, we measured the aortic valve thickness, mitral valve thickness and abdominal aorta thickness. Also, we assessed the relationship between the aortic valve sclerosis, mitral valve sclerosis, abdominal aorta thickness and other coronary risk factors. Method : We measured serum lipoprotein(a) in 116 patients(52 men, 64 women) with mean age of 58.7±13.9 years. Aortic valve thickness was assessed by parasternal long and short axis two dimensional echocardiography, mitral valve thickness was measured by apical 4 chamber view. The abdominal aorta thickness was measured by the subcostal view. Result : The level of lipoprotein(a) was significantly correlated with the aortic valve thickness, but not with the miral valve thickness and the abdominal aorta thickness. lipoprotein(a) level was higher in smoking patients(p<0.05), and not related to other ariables such as blood pressure, age, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein. Coronary angiography was performed in 18 paitents, and there was a tendency of the coronary artery disease with high level of the lipoprotein(a)(p<0.005). There was no significant difference in the thickness of aortic valve in terms of sex, blood pressure, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, triglyceride or blodo sugar. Conclusion : We conclude that increased serum levels of lipoprotein(a) are closely related to aortic valve sclerosis and may be a risk factor for coronary artery disease.

지식공학을 위한 Prolog 프로그래밍 환경에서 제어 정보에 관한 연구

김자룡,홍영표 진주여자전문대학 1990 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

In the Prolog programming environment it is easy to program by the Pattern compound function and the automatical feed-back device. On the contrary this feed-back device makes debugging difficult bacause user has difficulties in finding out program control. That is, there occurs bug that user doesn't notice error feed-back when performs the undefined predicate. This study proposes box model as debugging tool to control this, and Puts the examples debugging with the devide-and-query to support debug in the status of Algorithm. The devide-and-query is the method to find bug by asking the user whether each clause is correct or not. With this, Prolog, beyond the scope of knowledge representing language, will be able to perform logical interpretation as an Artifical Intelligence Language.