연구논문 : 아마로 사용실태 및 향 선호도

김장순 ( Jang Soon Kim ),이종렬 ( Jong Ryol Lee ),박천만 ( Chun Man Park ) 한국미용학회 2006 한국미용학회지 Vol.12 No.3

The purpose of this study is to offer fundamental data for establishing a theory on aroma therapy by understanding Korean use and preference of aroma. The subjects of the study were 130 skin care specialists who worked for skin care salons and 410 general people in Daegu. The study was carried out through a questionnaire and inhalation test. The data were collected from September 1, 2003 to October 1, 2003. The result were as follows : 1. The rate of people who had experienced aroma less than 3 times was 40.5%. The rate of people who had not experienced aroma was 26.1%, who had experienced aroma massage was 33%, and who had inhaled aroma was 47.5%. The people who were older, wealthy, female, married, graduated from college were more experienced aroma(p<0.0l) and housewives in the thirties had more opportunities of experiencing aroma than other subjects. 2. General people preferred aroma Orange(66.3%) the most among 8 essential oils used in the test. The second preference was blended oil with Rosemary, Geranium and Lemon(26.1%). The third preference was the Lavender(25.8%). The order of preference in skin care specialists was Orange(83.3%), Lavender (48.8%), blended oil with Rosemary, Geranium and Lemon(42.9%), and blended oil with Lavender, Sandalwood, Ylangylang and Mandarin(26.2%). Both general people and skin care specialists disliked Teatree the most. 3. Lavender was more preferred by women than men (p<0.05) and Teatree was more preferred by men than women(p<0.0l). In particular, people in thirties liked Lavender the most(p<0.01). Teatree(p<0.001) and Sandalwood (p<0.05) were more preferred by married people than unmarried people. 4. The more educated people were, the more they liked the blended oil with Rosemary, Geranium, and Lemon(p<0.01). Housewives preferred Lavender(p<0.001) and Frankincense(p<0.05) and workers preferred Teatree(p<0. 001) and Sandalwood(p<0.05). As people were not healthy, they tended to prefer Teatree(p<0. 01) As people experienced essential oil, aroma massage and aroma inhalation more, they preferred Lavender and Frankincense. 5. Women`s average score was higher than men`s(women : 4.58, men: 4.18, total score: 6.0). Younger people more preferred aroma than older people(p<0.05). 6. 51.3% of specialists answered they used aroma for skin care less than one time a day, 35.7% of them used 2 or 3 times a day. 29.6% of specialists answered that the biggest difficulty in their work was the lack of knowledge of aroma. The next one was relationship with co-workers and pay(20.4%) and overwork was 13.9% 7. 37.3% of specialists had got massages 10~20 times from a skin care specialist and 31.7% of them had got massages less than 10 times. About experiencing aroma in everyday life, 42.9% of them experienced aroma 10~20 times and 28.6% of then experienced less then 10 times. 8. Generally, the more experienced people liked Lavender, Teatree, Sandalwood and Frankincense(p<0.05). 9. As a result of the survey on the specialists` preference, preferred oils were Lavender(22.4%), Rosemary (13.4%), Rose(10.1%), Jasmine(9.2%) and Orange(8.4%). Unpleasant oils were Teatree(16.0%), Yiangyiang(13.6%), Peppermint(9.9%) and Patchouli(8.6%). The specialists used Lavender the most (67.6%) in aroma therapy and used Rosemary(6.5%), Teatree(5.6%) and Peppermint(4.6%). In conclusion, the subjects` experience and knowledge of aroma were not high, and there was difference in preferences of aroma by their ages, gender, education, occupations, and experiences. However, both general people and the specialists had a difficulty in aroma use due to the lack of knowledge of aroma. So, if we apply aroma therapy to patients in consideration of their preferences, the best result will be expected. A systemic aroma education program for specialists is needed as soon as possible.

切土비탈면의 優占植物과 植物被覆度에 미치는 因子들의 影響 : In Kyongnam Region 慶南지역을 대상으로

朴文秀,安鍾萬 順天大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.17 No.1

林道 개설 후 1∼10년이 경과한 6個郡 路線의 임도를 선정하고, 각 林道別롤 20m길이 단위의 조사구에 대한 植生調査와 道路構造 및 山林環境因子를 調査한 결과늘 요약하면 다음과 같다. 林道槪說 後 1년에서 10년이 경과한 임도의 平均 植物被覆度는 林道槪說 後 1년째 임도는 평균 1.2%의 피복을 보였으며, 2년째 8.4%, 3년째 20.9%였고, 점진적으로 증가하여 10년이 경과된 임도에서는 86.2%로 조사되었다. 조사된 148種 中 억새, 새, 사방오리나무, 쑥, 소나무, 산오리나무, 닭의장풀, 조개풀, 싸리, 복분자딸기 등이 우점식물로 조사되었다. 또한 地域別로는 全 地域에서 고르게 優占하는 식물종은 새, 쑥, 조개풀, 싸리, 복분자딸기 등이며, 억새는 양산, 하동, 함양에서, 사방오리나무는 남해, 합천에서, 구절초는 함양에서 각각 優占하는 식물로 調査되었다. 植物被覆度와 높은 상관을 보인 인자는 개설년도, 강수량, outslope型, 거리, inslope型, 습도, 토양경도, 첨식량, 비탈면물매 등이었다. 多衆回路分析을 통한 切土비탈면에서 植物侵入의 추정식에 관여하는 因子는 開設年度, 습도, 비탈면물매(R²=0.54)로 나타났다. 따라서 이 지역에서 절토비탈면을 조기에 녹화시켜 비탈면 안정을 가져오도록 하기 위해서는 주변환경을 고려하고 해당지역의 우점식물을 녹화수종으로 선택함이 필요하겠고, 현행보다 비탈면물매에 역점을 두는 등 환경친화적인 임도개설이 요구된다. To investigate the dominant species and factors related with plant coverage by road structures and forest environment factors, forest roads elapsed from on to ten years after construction had been selected in six county, and 20m segments were continuously set up in each road. The results obtained from this study are summarized as follows : 1. In process of year, plant coverage increased gradually and average of plant coverage was 20.9% in forest roads which elapsed 3 year, and was 86.2% in forest roads which elapsed 10 years after construction. 2. The dominant species in the cutting slope of surveyed area were covered with Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, Arundinella hirta, Alnus firma, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Pinus densiflora. Alnus hirsuta, Commelina communis, Arthraxon hispidus and Lespedeza bicolor of the 148 species. 3. The high correlated factors between plant coverage and variables in cutting slope appeared construction year, precipitation, outslope, distance, inslope, humid, hardness, erosion and slope in surveyed area. 4. Through the multiple regression analysis, construction year, humid and slope(R²=0.54) were significant to explain the multiple regression about plant coverage on cutting slope.

錦江水質에 關한 調査硏究

朴鍾聲,吳萬鎭 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1979 農業技術硏究報告 Vol.6 No.1

Water of river gets great concern about its quality, which might be polluted with pollutant from various industrial plants booming along the river sides in recent years. As a first step to prevent any applicable damage due to water pollution, survey on the water quality of Keum river at Sintanjin, Maepo, Taepyongri, Kongu, Puyeo and Kanggeng, six regions was conducted during september, 1977 through august, 1978 and the results were summarized as follows: 1. There were no significant regional and monthly difference in pH, NO_2-N, and NO_3-N of water. 2. The BOD at Puyeo, Kanggeng was 3.9 to 5.6, 5.6 to 6.0 ppm, respectively, and those values reached the limiting level for tap water sources. 3. The BOD at Maepo, where Daejeon streams meet, was found 1.9, 3.0, and 2.1 times higher than those at Sintanjin region, during september, october and november, respectvely. 4. Content of DO was 7.6±3.8 ppm in all surveyed regions and varied with water temperature and regional difference. 5. There were found regional difference and monthly difference in water hardness, suspended solid and NH_3-N.

밝은社會를 指向하는 指導者 Leadership에 關한 硏究 : 새마을 指導者를 중심으로 With Reference to the Saemaeul Leadership

朴淳永,申大淳,趙萬濟,金旭卿,金種垠 慶熙大學校 1980 論文集 Vol.10 No.-

The Saemaeul Undong was launched in 1972 on the basis of the experimental model or Saemaeul pilot projects of the previous year. The Saemaeul Undong is now a nation-wide movement which is based on the fundamental spirits of diligence, self-help and cooperation. Much of the success of the Saemaeul Undong depends on its leaders, who play a pivot role in implementing Saemaeul projects for their community. Popularly elected by the village assembly according to their leadership and faith, the leaders render their services without remuneration, working in the spirit of self-sacrifice. Now, the Saemacul Undong enters upon its tenth year in 1981. If the movement is to continue with renewed momentum, effective training projects for Saemaeul leaders must be worked out. For this purpose, it is then recommended that the research works on the leadership training projects of the Bright Society Movement be referred to. Initially started as a community movement for better life on the campus of Kyung Hee University in 1960's, the Bright Society Movement is now gaining widespread support from national as well as international club members. The goals of the Bright Society Movement are to promote mutual understanding and friendship among members and to construct on earth a truly sound and civilized welfare society that is spiritually beautiful, materially affluent, and humanely rewarding. The main objectives of this study is to propose effective training projects for Saemeaul leaders as well as the Bright Society leaders. 1) Educational courses of leadership training should be offered through the school as well as through the training institution of the community. 2) Educational contents of leadership training should place greater emphasis not only on the spiritual education but also on the technical and practical education related to the welfare of the Community. 3) Public relations education should be strengthened because leaders must work in close cooperation with the community residents for the effective movement. 4) Long-term integrated projects for the community or village unit should be established and the movement should be developed according to them. 5) A special system of regional itinerant education should be established for the effective management of selective leaders. 6) For the welfare of leaders themselves, special favors such as the authorization of leadership careers, scholarships for their sons and daughters, discounts on public charges and the priority on public employment must be offer according to their respective performance.

有限要素法에 依한 陶材 金屬間의 應力 分析

朴贊云,裵泰聖,朴鍾萬 全北大學校 1988 論文集 Vol.30 No.-

Since the introduction of ceramo-metal system in dentistry, many investigators have attempted to measure the bond strengths between the porcelains and the alloys. In this paper, 3-point and 4-point flexure test of Ni-Cr plate, being used in this experiment, and ceramometal system were analyzed for displacements and stress distributions using finite element method(F.E.M).

모유수유 실태에 관한 조사연구 : 경상북도성주군을 중심으로

박천만,김규종,이종렬,김혜진 韓國保健敎育.健康增進學會 2000 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.17 No.1

This study to study and analyze the current state of infancy breast-feeding & practice and related factors and to provide basic data for the effective practice of breast-feeding and breast-feeding percentage improvement. For the object, 474 mothers of the infants who were born between Jan. 1, 1998 and Dec. 31, 1998 were selected, and the survey period & method were from Oct. 15, 1999 through Nov. 14, 1999(1 month period) and telephone interview, respectively. To examine by monthly breast-feeding type, the average breast-feeding percentage in 1 month after a child's birth was 42.4%, but after 6 month it decreased to 23.0%. To see breast-feeding percentage by academic background, the breast-feeding of elementary school graduated mothers was 33.3%, which was highest, and it decreased as the academic background of mothers went better(p〈0.01). By employment state the percentage for the mothers who were not employed was higher(24.6%) than that of those who were employed at the time, which was 8.0%(p〈0.001). There was no meaningful difference found in breast-feeding percentage by infant mothers age, delivery place, infant sex, child order in family, weight at the time of birth. To examine breast-feeding percentage by delivery method, natural delivery was 27.0% which was higher that 13.1% of Caesarean section(p〈0.01), and by breast-feeding experience before leaving the hospital, 35.6% of those who have breast-fed were breast-feeding while it was 16.4% for those who never did it while in the hospital(p〈0.001) After conducting logistics multi return analysis having breast-feeding percentage as a variable at the time of 6 months after babys birth, I found that infant mothers employment state, delivery method, and brest-feeding experience before leaving the hospital become meaningful variables. As unemployed mothers(p〈0.05), as chose natural delivery(p〈0.05), as experienced breast-feeding before leaving the hospital(p〈0.001), there was more tendency to do breast-feeding. Summing the above results, I would like to suggest the following to raise breast-feeding percentage. Firstly, systematic education about the importance and advantages of breast-feeding and correct breast-feeding method should be practised for women. Secondly, vacation before and after childbirth for working women should be practised and the support of systems for working womens breast-feeding such as installation of nursery in work place are needed. Thirdly, continuous publicity and education for natural delivery inducement is necessary, and for the ones who chose Caesarean section, recommendation of breast-feeding is also needed. Fourth, for breast-feeding within fastest time after delivery, rooming-in required and legal and systematic support is also needed. Lastly, in the governmental level, publicity for breast-feeding and breast-feeding recommending programs that promotes 10 rules for successful breast-feeding bringing-up, provided by UNISEF and WHO, are to be provided.

무지개 松魚의 遺傳 育種學的 硏究 : Ⅳ.血淸成分 水準의 年中 變化 Ⅳ.Annual Changes of Serum Components Levels

朴弘陽,尹鐘萬,金桂雄 건국대학교 동물자원연구센터 1991 動物資源硏究誌 Vol.16 No.-

본 연구는 무지개 松魚 암컷 3년생 120마리에 대하여 1989년 3월부터 1990년 2월까지 계절 및 人工産卵前後에 따른 血淸成分 含量 水準을 측정하였고, 각 血淸 成分間의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 장차 무지개 松魚의 繁殖效率 增進에 필요한 遺傳育種學的 基礎 資料를 얻기 위하여 실시되었다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 血淸中 albumin, calcium, glucose, total protein, alkalin phosphatase, SGOT 및 phosphorus의 함량은 産卵期中에 높은 수준이었으나, cholesterol, creatinine 및 triglycerides의 含量은 卵黃形成期中에 비교적 높은 수준을 유지 하였다. 2) 人工産卵展, 産卵後 및 過熟時期에 따른 血淸中 albumin, calcium, cholesterol, creatinine, total protein, triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase 및 phosphorus의 含量은 人工産卵前에 비교적 높은 수준을 유지한 반면에, BUN, glucose, SGOT 및 SGPT의 含量은 過熟時期에 높은 수준이었다. 그리고 A/G 比率은 非産卵期인 6월, 7월 및 8월에 最高水準을 유지하다가 産卵時期直前부터 감소하여 산란시기 동안에 낮은 수준으로 계속 유지되었다. 3) 産卵期中 albumin수준과 calcium(r=-0.793)간에는 부(-)의 상관이었으나, 그 밖의 다른 성분간에는 有意性이 인정되는 정(+)의 상관이 존재하였다. BUN 含量水準과 alkaline phosphatase(r=0.790), SGOT(r=0.881) 및 SGPT(r=0.902)와는 正(+)의 高度相關이 존재하였다. Glucose수준과 모든 다른 성분간에는 負(-)의 相關關係였으마, cholesterol수준과 그 밖의 다른 성분간에는 正(+)의 相關이 존재하였다. Glucose수준과 total protein(r=0.856), triglycerides(r=0.973), alkaline phosphatase(r=0.738), SGOT(r=0.711) 및 SGPT(r=0.738), 및 SGPT(r=0.657)間에는 正(+)의 高度相關을 보였으며, creatinine 수준과 total protein(r=0.672)에도 正(+)의 상관관계가 존재하였다. Total protein과 triglycerides(r=0.911)와는 正(+)의 高度相關이었으며, alkaline phosphatase 水準과 SGOT(r=0.936) 및 SGPT(r=0.926)間은 正(+)의 高度相關關係가 있다. 또한 SGOT와 SGPT(r=0.995)와는 매우 높은 정(+)의 상관관계가 존재하였다. 4) 産卵期中 호르몬과 血淸成分間의 상관관계에 있어서 血淸中 LH 濃度와 BUN(r=0.747)과는 유의한 負(-)의 相關이었으나, creatinine(r=0.887) 및 total protein(r=0.688)과는 正(+)의 高度相關이 존재하였다. FSH濃度와 creatinine(r=0.831) 및 total protein(r=0.709)간에는 正(+)의 상관관계가 있었다. Estradion-17β와 creatinine(r=0.899), total protein(r=0.899), total protein(r=0.859) 및 trigpycerides(r=0.673)간에 비교적 높은 正(+)의 상관이었으나, progesterone 濃度과 BUN(r=-0.606)간에는 負(-)의 상관관계가 존재하였다. This study was carried out to investigate serum components levels(12 components) obtained from 120 of 3-year-old female rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss). All data were collected and analysed monthly from March in 1989 to February in 1990. Serum protein components were assayed by blood analyzer. The results obtained in this study were as follows; 1. The contents of serum albumin ,calcium, glucose, total protein, alkalkine phosphatase, SGOT, and phosphorus increased during spawning period, but those of serum cholesterol, creatinine, and triglycerides maintained relatively high levels during vitellogenetic period. 2. The contents of serum albumin, calcium, cholesterol, creatinine, total protein, triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase and phosphorus prior to handstripping were relatively high, while those of serum BUN, glucose, SGOT and SGPT were high in over-ripe stage. 3. The correlation between serum albumin and calcium during correlations of albumin and other contents were significantly positive. Those of serum BUN with alkaline phosphatase(r=0.790), SGOT(r=0.881) and SGPT(r=0.902) were highly positive. The content of calcium was highly correlated with various serum contents, and that of cholesterol was a signigicantly correlated with other serum contents. The correlations of serum glucose with total protein(r=0.856), triglycerides(r=0.973), alkaline phosphatase(r=0.738), SGOT(r=0.711) and SGPT(r=0.657) were significantly high. The correlation coefficients between creatinine and total protein, between total protein and triglycerides, and between SGOT and SGPT were significantly high. In addition, those of serum alkaline phosphatase with SGOT and SGPT were also significantly high. 4. The correlation of serum LH with BUN during spawning period was highly negative(r=-0.793), while the correlations of LH with creatinie and total protein were high(r=0.887 and 0.688, respectively). Similarly, the relationships of serum FSH with creatinine(r=0.831) and total protein(r=0.709) were significantly highly positive. The concentration of estradiol-17βwas highly correlated with creatinie, total protein, and triglycerides. But the relation of serum progesterone with BUM was significantly negative(r=-0.606).

거제지역 당뇨병 및 고혈압 환자의 복합질병 위험요인

박필숙,정기만,김종현,백지현,박미연 한국식생활문화학회 2003 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.18 No.2

The purpose of this study is to compare the correlation of clinical characteristics and patterns of disease. Subjects of the study were the adults(207) living in Geoje City, the diabetes mellitus and the hypertension patients(166) and the normal people(41). In the diabetes mellitus group and the hypertension group, blood pressure, blood glucose, total cholestero LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index(AI) were significantly high. As the obesity index was getting higher, the blood pressure of the diabetes mellitus group was high, and the HDL-cholesterol of the hypertension group was low, but AI of it was significantly high. The AI was significantly high as serum lipid index were getting higher in both groups. The rate of the prevalence was very high in the diabetes mellitus group(74.3%) and the hypertension group(73.7%). The pattern in the diabetes mellitus group was in order of the hypertension, the hyperlipidemia, and the obesity but, in the hypertension group was the hyperlipidemia, and the obesity. The obesity index and serum lipid index of complex patient group were higher than single patient group.

자궁경부에 발생한 배아성 횡문근육종 2예

박정열,조준식,김대연,이동헌,김종혁,김용만,김영탁,목정은,남주현 대한부인종양 콜포스코피학회 2002 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.13 No.3

횡문근육종은 소아와 청소년기에 가장 흔한 연부조직 육종이다. 발생 부위는 일반적으로 두부 및 경부, 그 다음으로 비뇨생식계이다 조직학적으로 배아성 횡문근육종, 국화상 육종, 폐포성 횡문근육종, 다형성 횡문근육종으로 나누어진다. 횡문근육종의 약 20%가 비뇨생식기에서 발생하고, 50% 이상이 배아성 횡문근육종이다. 여성 생식기의 배아성 횡문근육종은 드문 악성 종양으로,주로 유소아의 질에서 발생하며, 자궁경부에서 발생하는 횡문근육종은 청소년기에 흔하고, 질에서 기원하는 횡문근육종이 자궁경부에 기원하는 경우보다 5배 정도 많다. 폐경기여성에서는 자궁체부에서 가장 흔히 발생한다. 비뇨생식기의 횡문근육종의 치료는 과거에는 골반장기 적출술만으로 치료를 시도하였으나. 서서히 다중 항암화학요법, 방사선요법, 근치적 절제술을 포함한 병합요법으로 바뀌어가고 있으며, 이에 따라 생존율이 현저하게 향상되었다. 이에 저자들은 최근 본원 산부인과에서 자궁경부에 발생한 배아성 횡문근육종 2예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 아울러 보고하는 바이다. Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in childhood and young adult. Genitourinary tract is the econd most common site of rhabdomyosarcoma. Rhabdomyosarcoma can be classified into one of four major types; embryonal, alveolar, pleomorphic and undifferentiated. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the female genital tract is rare malignant tumor and usually occurs during childhood in the vagina. In rare cases, rhabdomyosarcoma can originate in the uterine cervix, with a peak incidence in the second decade. Recently we have experienced two cases of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterine cervix. These cases are presented with a brief review of the literature.

거주 형태에 따른 에너지 섭취량과 소비량의 균형도 조사

박순목,고성경,남인수,윤재만,임승현,전중기,이종삼 대구대학교 인문과학연구소 2008 人文科學硏究 Vol.31 No.-

We investigated that the effects of residential type on energy balance in college students. Total sixteen college students were participated in this study, all subjects were assigned one of three groups: either school attendee students group, self-governed living students group, dormitory students group. Routine physical activity level (for 5 days including three weekday and two weekend) and food intake were surveyed. For investigation of degree of physical activity, all subjects were requested to record on their physical movements as possible as detail should be obtained. To all subjects, five-day dietary log form was given, and used for examining of calorie intake from their routine diet. There was no statistical difference in energy intake and consumption in each. However energy consumption was significantly higher than energy uptake in school attendee students group. All other groups were shown a similar energy values between energy uptake and consumption. There were no significant differences in energy intake and consumption in any of experimental groups when comparisons were made between weekdays and weekend. As far as energy uptake was concerned it was no statistical difference in any of major nutrients among groups. In conclusion, partial imbalance was found between energy intake and uptake in school attendee groups. This may be due to their more active life style than other groups'. In future studies, better controlled study should be performed not only more subjects are recruited but also minor nutrients are included for examining of energy balance.