Association between insulin resistance and impairment of FGF21 signal transduction in skeletal muscles

Jeon, J. Y.,Choi, S. E.,Ha, E. S.,Kim, T. H.,Jung, J. G.,Han, S. J.,Kim, H. J.,Kim, D. J.,Kang, Y.,Lee, K. W. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Endocrine Vol.53 No.1

<P>Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21, was identified as a potent metabolic regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism. We investigated whether the levels and signalings of FGF21 changed in the skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, participants with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), human skeletal muscle myotubes (HSMMs) under insulin-resistant conditions, and mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO). A percutaneous biopsy sample of the vastus lateralis muscle of T2DM patients, IGT subjects, and participants with normal glucose tolerance was obtained and the levels and signalings of FGF21 were assessed. We determined whether the expression and signalings of FGF21 in HSMMs altered according to palmitate concentrations and exposure time. Also, we confirmed whether changes of FGF21 signal transduction resulted in the alteration of FGF21 functions. DIO mice were treated intravenously with recombinant FGF21, and the levels and signalings of FGF21 were assessed in their soleus muscles. We checked whether or not FGF21 played a role in the gene transcription related to lipid oxidation. Levels of FGF21 increased, whereas levels of phosphorylated FGF receptor (p-FGFR), phosphorylated FGFR substrates 2 alpha (p-FRS2 alpha), and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (p-ERK) decreased in the skeletal muscle of both T2DM patients and IGT subjects. In vitro, palmitate increased the levels of FGF21 and significantly reduced the levels of beta-klotho, p-FGFR, p-FRS2 alpha, and p-ERK1/2 in HSMMs exposed to palmitate. Palmitate also decreased glucose uptake and glycogen contents of FGF21. Consistently, the levels of FGF21 were significantly higher and the levels of beta-klotho and p-FGFR were lower in the DIO mice than in normal lean mice. The levels of FGF21 increased but its signal transduction and actions were impaired in skeletal muscles of T2DM patients, IGT subjects, in insulin-resistant HSMMs, and DIO mice.</P>

Thymol from Thymus quinquecostatus Celak. protects against tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress in Chang cells

Kim, Y. S.,Hwang, J. W.,Kang, S. H.,Kim, E. H.,Jeon, Y. J.,Jeong, J. H.,Kim, H. R.,Moon, S. H.,Jeon, B. T.,Park, P. J. Springer Science + Business Media 2014 Journal of Natural Medicines Vol.68 No.1

The present work describes the protective effects of thymol isolated from Thymus quinquecostatus Celak. against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative damage through various experiments with Chang liver cells. Thymol significantly protected hepatocytes against t-BHP-induced cell cytotoxicity as demonstrated by increased viability. Furthermore, observation of Hoechst staining, annexin V/PI staining, and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax indicated that thymol inhibited t-BHP-induced Chang cell damage. Further, thymol inhibited the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in t-BHP-treated Chang cells and prevented oxidative stress-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA). Thymol restored the antioxidant capability of hepatocytes including glutathione (GSH) levels which were reduced by t-BHP. These results indicated that thymol prevents oxidative stress-induced damage to liver cells through suppression of ROS and MDA levels and increase of GSH level.

육계사료와 식용유 정제 폐백토(Spent Bleaching Clay) 급여가 육계의 생산성에 미치는 영향

전해열,손장호,이길왕,김선구,강한석,신택순,조병욱,Jeon H. Y.,Son J. H.,Lee K. W.,Kim S. K.,Kang H. S.,Shin T. S.,Cho B. W. 한국가금학회 2005 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.32 No.4

본 연구는 Spent Bleaching Clay(SBC)를 육계사료의 에너지 공급원으로 활용 가능성을 구명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 부화 직후의 120수의 병아리(한협 3호)를4처리 3반복, 반복당 10수(암수 각각 5수씩)를 Control(T1) 사료에 SBC를 $2.0\%(T2),\;4.0\%(T3)$ 및 $6.0\%(T4)$ 첨가한 4처리로 배치하였다. 시험사료 급여전 1주일은 시판사료를 급여하였다. 4주간의 시험 기간동안 증체중 및 사료 섭취량은 T3 및 T4 처리구에서 증가하는 경향이 인정되었다. 사료효율은 T3구에서 개선되는 경향이 인정되었다. 가슴살 및 다리살에서 치방산 조성을 사료의 처리에 따른 효과는 인정되지 않았다. 육계 초기 및 후기 사료 급여시 모두, 사료중의 건물, 조단백질 및 조지방 이용율은 T4 처리구가 다른 처리구에 비해서 유의하게 감소하였으며(p<0.05), 대사에너지가도 T4 처리구가 다른 3구에 비해서 유의하게 저하하였다(p<0.05). 사료중의 조회분의 이용율은 사료의 처리에 따른 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 결론적으로 본 시험의 결과 육계사료에 $2\~4\%$의 SBC첨가는 육계의 성장 및 사료효율 개선의 가능성이 있음이 사료된다. This study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of spent bleaching clay(SBC) as an energy resource for meat type chicks. A total of one hundred twenty 1-d old broiler chicks(Han-hyop, No. 3) were divided into four groups and each group was assigned to one of the following diets: 0(T1), 2.0(T2), 4.0(T3) and $6.0\%$ SBC(T4). Each treatment had 3 replications of 10 birds. Before feeding experimental diets, they were fed a commercial diet for a week Body weight gain and feed intake tended to increase in T3 and T4, respectively. Feed efficiency(feed intake/ gain) tended to decrease in T3 compared to other groups. Fatty acid composition of breast and thigh meat was not significantly affected by feeding SBC. Utilization of dry matter, energy, crude protein and crude fat was lower in T4 than in the other groups during both starter and finisher periods(p<0.05). Crude ash utilization was not significantly affected by feeding dietary SBC. These results indicate that broiler diets may be supplemented with 2 to $4\%$ SBC without adverse effect on growth.

X-Y 테이블에 사용되는 볼 스크류의 열팽창 억제에 관한 연구

전언찬,이승수,김민주,곽창식,장성규,한근조,김중완,박홍식,전태옥,박정보 동아대학교 공과대학부설 생산기술연구소 1997 生産技術硏究所硏究論文集 Vol.2 No.2

In this paper, we have studied about the thermal expansion of the ball screw used for the X-Y table. The hollow ball type is used for the vall screw. We have compared the conventional cooling system and function with the improved cooling system and function which is developed the path providing cooling oil in hollow ball screw. That is, the temperature variation and positioning accuracy are analyzed of the ball screw. We have obtained the following result through this experiment. 1) The improved cooling system of the hollow ball screw for X-Y table was developed. 2) The improved cooling system of the hollow ball screw has a large effectiveness on restraining the thermal expansion of the ball screw. 3) The positioning accuracy of the ball screw was improved about 2∼4㎛ using temperature-controlled colling oil.

Protection of Mice against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Infection by Immunization with Aqueous Fraction of Triton X-100-soluble Cell Wall Proteins

Jeon, B.-Y.,Kim, H.-J.,Kim, S.-C.,Jo, E.-K.,Park, J.-K.,Paik, T.-H.,Kim, S.-J.,Cho, S.-N. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2008 Scandinavian journal of immunology Vol.67 No.1

<P>Abstract</P><P>The aqueous fraction of Triton X-100-soluble proteins (TSP-Aq) of <I>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</I> cell wall was reported to stimulate T-cell responses in peripheral blood monocytes from tuberculosis (TB) patients and to induce Th1 cytokines, suggesting presence of protective antigens. In this study, therefore, we examined the protective efficacy of TSP-Aq against <I>M. tuberculosis</I> infection in a mouse model. C57BL/6 mice were immunized with TSP-Aq or culture filtrate proteins (CFP) mixed with incomplete Freund’s adjuvant or with BCG followed by i.v. challenge with <I>M. tuberculosis</I> H37Rv. TSP-Aq induced strong interferon-&ggr; production by spleen cells, and mice immunized with TSP-Aq antigens gave a significant reduction in <I>M. tuberculosis</I> CFU counts by 1.17–1.32 log<SUB>10 </SUB>CFU in the lungs and 1.31–2.08 log<SUB>10</SUB> CFU in the spleen from 6 to 28 weeks. The degree of protection offered by TSP-Aq was comparable to that of CFP and of the BCG vaccine. The results demonstrated that the TSP-Aq antigens confer a significant level of protection against the growth of the organism in the lungs and spleen in a mouse model of TB and indicate that TSP contains major protective antigens of <I>M. tuberculosis</I>. </P>

15-lipoxygenase metabolites play an important role in the development of a T-helper type 1 allergic inflammation induced by double-stranded RNA

Jeon, S. G.,Moon, H.-G.,Kim, Y.-S.,Choi, J.-P.,Shin, T.-S.,Hong, S.-W.,Tae, Y.-M.,Kim, S.-H.,Zhu, Z.,Gho, Y. S.,Kim, Y.-K. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 Clinical and experimental allergy Vol.39 No.6

<P>Summary</P><P>Background</P><P>We recently demonstrated that the T-helper type 1 (Th1) immune response plays an important role in the development of non-eosinophilic inflammation induced by airway exposure of an allergen plus double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). However, the role of lipoxygenase (LO) metabolites in the development of Th1 inflammation is poorly understood.</P><P>Objective</P><P>To evaluate the role of LO metabolites in the development of Th1 inflammation induced by sensitization with an allergen plus dsRNA.</P><P>Methods</P><P>A Th2-allergic inflammation mouse model was created by an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide-depleted ovalbumin (OVA, 75 μg) and alum (2 mg) twice, and the Th1 model was created by intranasal application of OVA (75 μg) and synthetic dsRNA [10 μg of poly(I : C)] four times, followed by an intranasal challenge with 50 μg of OVA four times. The role of LO metabolites was evaluated using two approaches: a transgenic approach using 5-LO<SUP>−/−</SUP> and 15-LO<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice, and a pharmacological approach using inhibitors of cysteinyl leucotriene receptor-1 (cysLTR1), LTB4 receptor (BLT1), and 15-LO.</P><P>Results</P><P>We found that the Th1-allergic inflammation induced by OVA+dsRNA sensitization was similar between 5-LO<SUP>−/−</SUP> and wild-type (WT) control mice, although Th2 inflammation induced by sensitization with OVA+alum was reduced in the former group. In addition, dsRNA-induced Th1 allergic inflammation, which is associated with down-regulation of 15-hydroxyeicosateraenoic acids production, was not affected by treatment with cysLTR1 or BLT1 inhibitors, whereas it was significantly lower in 12/15-LO<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice compared with WT control mice. Moreover, dsRNA-induced allergic inflammation and the recruitment of T cells following an allergen challenge were significantly inhibited by treatment with a specific 15-LO inhibitor (PD146176).</P><P>Conclusion</P><P>15-LO metabolites appear to be important mediators in the development of Th1-allergic inflammation induced by sensitization with an allergen plus dsRNA. Our findings suggest that the 15-LO pathway is a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of virus-associated asthma characterized by Th1 inflammation.</P>

검정소 검정돈의 품종 및 환경요인의 효과 추정

박종원,김병우,김현철,이길왕,최진성,강왕근,홍성광,하정기,전진태,이정규 한국동물자원과학회 2003 한국축산학회지 Vol.45 No.6

This study was carried out to estimate the effects of breed and environment such as sex, test station, test year, test season, parity, initial and final weight on average daily gain, age at 90㎏, backfat thickness, feed efficiency, lean percent and selection index on the basis of the performance data collected from 25,790 pigs of Duroc, Yoskshire and Landrace breeds which were performance-tested at the Korea Swine Testing Station from 1991 to 2002. The results obtained in the study are summarized as follows; 1. The means of the major economic traits were estimated as 959.95 ± 0.699g for average daily gain, 138.36 ± 0.072days for age at 90㎏, 1.41 ± 0.001㎝ for backfat thickness, 2.33 ± 0.001 for feed efficiency, 56.71 ± 0.018% for lean percent and 221.65 ± 0.113 for selection index. 2. The effect of breed was statistically significant for all studied traits. Briefly, Duroc showed the best per-formance for the average daily gain and age at 90㎏. Landrace had the best performances for the backfat thickness and lean meat percent. In feed efficiency and selection index, Yorkshire had a better score than other breeds. 3. The least-squares means of female and male for the traits studied were 923.05 ± 1.289g and 974.53 ± 0.856g for average daily gain, 139.74 ± 0.145days and 137.21 ± 0.097days for age at 90㎏, 1.49 ± 0.002㎝ and 1.39 ± 0.002㎝ for backfat thickness, 2.43 ± 0.002 and 2.28 ± 0.002 for feed efficiency, 56.43 ± 0.034% and 56.81 ± 0.023% for lean percent and 211.37 ± 0.194 and 224.61 ± 0.129 for selection index. Therefore, males were superior to females for all traits examined. 4. The effect of test station was statistically significant for all traits except for selection index. Performances for age at 90㎏, backfat thickness, feed efficiency and lean meat percent collected from Test station 2 were higher than those from Test station 1. However. Test station 1 showed better average daily gain. 5. The initial weight and final weight included as a covariate in this study had a significant influence on average daily gain, age at 90㎏, backfat thickness, feed efficiency and selection index. From the absolute values of the estimated regression coefficients, it was inferred that the final weight had greater effect for the investigated traits than the initial weight.

돈분 퇴비화의 단계별 물질수지 변화를 통한 퇴비 규격화 연구

김태일,한영근,전병수,유용희,박주희,권두중,김형호,김경남 한국동물자원과학회 2001 한국축산학회지 Vol.43 No.6

에스컬레이터식 축분교반기로 축분을 교반하면서 바닥에서는 강제 송풍이 이루어진 대단위 퇴비화 시설에서 공정단계별 시료를 채취하여 비료 관리법 부산물비료 규격에 준하여 축분 퇴비의 규격화 정도를 구명하였다. 온도 기준의 퇴비화 성상을 고려할 때 10일령에 55℃가된 이후 급격히 상승하여 17일령에 78℃가 되고 25일령까지 고온이 유지되다가 그 이후 급속히 떨어지는 양상을 보였다. 퇴비화가 진행되면서 식물의 필수 영양소인 질소, 가리 및 인산은 1.25%에서 1.87%의 수준, 0.62%에서 0.85% 수준과 0.99%에서 1.36% 수준에서 각각 분석되어졌으며 이들 성분은 퇴비화가 진행될수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 완제품에서 칼슘의 함량은 산화칼슘으로서 3.77%가 함유되었으며 마그네슘은 산화마그네슘으로서 0.93%가 검출되었다. 중금속 함량 중 카드늄과 비소는 전혀 검출되지 않았으며 검출된 중금속과 염농도 또한, 퇴비화 모든 공정에서 비료관리법 부산물비료 규격의 규제치 이하로 검출되었다. 유기물 함량 또한 15일령에 25% 이상이고 유기물대 질소의 비가 50이하여서 비료관리법 부산물비료 규격에 적합한 단계로 검증되어졌다. 결과적으로 본 연구의 유기물 함량 및 중금속, 염분의 농도를 기준으로 하여 부산물비료 규격과 비교할 때 퇴비화 기간중 15일령이 적합하다 할지라도 15일령과 후숙단계에 보다 활발한 퇴비화가 이루어지기 때문에 15일령과 후숙단계의 기간을 무시하고 시용시 토양과 작물에 커다란 장애를 줄 것으로 사료되어 보다 적절한 관리가 요구되어지며 식물독성시험과 같은 생물학적 검정의 방법의 도입이 필요하다 하겠다. This work was carried out to search for the composting steps which can be met for the regulations from composts manufactured from swine manure and puffing rice hull(6:4) at a large-scale composting plant and changes of composting characteristics based on the material balances. Composting characteristics based on its temperature had maintained high over 60℃ between 15 days and 25 days of composting periods after ten days of the a rapid temperature change. After the 25 days of them, the temperature was rapidly decreasing. The level of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphate during composting periods was 1.25% to 1.87%, 0.62% to 0.85%, and 0.99% to 1.36%, respectively. As with composting process, the nutrients had tendency in increasing. Calcium and Magnesium of the finished products were detected in 3.77% as a calcium oxide and 0.93% as a magnesium oxide, respectively. Manure management for environmental protection provides guidelines that comply with MAF(Ministry of Agriculture & Forestry) regulations concerning animal manures. Guidelines for animal manure composts are the contents of heavy metal and OM, OM:T-N ratio and salt concentration. Our law is regulating that organic matter(OM), OM:T-N ratio and salt contents was more than 25%, less than 50 and 1%, respectively. Cd and As of the heavy metal which regulated by law had never been detected in this trials and some heavy metal and salt concentration detected through composting periods was detected within the regulations. All of the items regulated in the law is to meet them at the 15 days of composting days in this trials. However, Active composting continues to maturation step after 15 days. When applied in the proper amounts at the appropriate times, livestock manures can provide some, if not all, of the nutrients required for many crops. If improperly handled, however, it can be an environmental hazard, resulting in inhibition of crop production, soil productivity and so on. In conclusion, the results of the experiments suggest that resonable controls for the composting of swine manure need in use although composts is to meet the regulation.

Nasal delivery of chitosan-coated poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-encapsulated honeybee (Apis mellifera) venom promotes Th 1-specific systemic and local intestinal immune responses in weaned pigs

Lee, J.A.,Kim, Y.M.,Kim, T.H.,Lee, S.H.,Lee, C.A.,Cho, C.W.,Jeon, J.w.,Park, J.k.,Kim, S.K.,Jung, B.G.,Lee, B.J. Elsevier 2016 Veterinary immunology and immunopathology Vol.178 No.-

<P>Nasal delivery is a convenient and acceptable route for drug administration, and has been shown to elicit a much more potent local and systemic response compared with other drug delivery routes. We previously demonstrated that rectal administration of poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-encapsulated honeybee venom (P-HBV) could enhance systemic Th 1-specific immune responses. We therefore synthesized chitosan-coated P-HBV (CP-HBV) and then evaluated the immune-boosting efficacy of nasally administered CP-HBV on systemic and local intestinal immunity compared with non-chitosan-coated P-HBV. The nasally delivered CP-HBV effectively enhanced Th 1-specific responses, eliciting a significant increase in the CD3(+)CD4(+)CD8(-) Th cell population, lymphocyte proliferation capacity, and expression of Th 1 cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-12, and IL-2) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Furthermore, these immune-boosting effects persisted up to 21 days post CP-HBV administration. Nasal administration of CP-HBV also led to an increase of not only the CD4(+) Th 1 and IFN-gamma secreting CD4(+) Th 1 cell population but also Th 1-specific cytokines and transcription factors, including IL-12, IFN-gamma, STAT4, and T-bet, in isolated mononuclear cells from the spleen and ileum. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

황산용액중의 탄소강의 전기방식의 연구 - 금속의 전기방식도 ( 1 ) -

전대희,전중석,김진경,백태실 ( D . H . Jeon,J . S . Jeon,J . G . Kim,T . S . Bek ) 한국부식방식학회 1987 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.16 No.3