Orpheus Descending 의 救世主 原型

南賢淑 동아대학교 문과대학 영어영문학과 1987 동아영어영문학 Vol.3 No.-

Through Williams' major plays, redemption and the redeemer figure provide a central metaphor. Williams' redeemer figure do not limit to that of a Christian redeemer, but harkens back to still earlier non-Christian prototypes, Orpheus, Adonis, and Oedipus. Therefore this paper aims to clarify the 12 motifs which the artist creates around such a figure. Val Xavier of Orpheus Descending(1957) is an outsider to Glorious Hill Val, representative who is symbolic theatrical avatars of the New Testament message of Love or the life-force of the vegetation deity oppose a pharisaical mendacious establishment controlled by an aging import, Old Testament god. This establishment excludes the redeemer figure, or he chooses to exclude himself(1). The magnetic mystique of the virile Val becomes simply sexuality, the mystery of the life-force. Val sexuality sets him apart and constitutes the raison d'e^tre of his threat to the established social structure and god-figure(2). Val seeks a return to a previous stale, that of innocence or a feeling of cleanliness. The creative transcendent experience of sex becomes symbolic of purification in Williams. Val restores Lady to fecundity and responds to her love and need with true emotion and loyalty(3). Val serves the function of replacing a void created by a death or rejection. Through the fulfillment of this void with his fertility and sexuality, Val rejuvenates or restores life(the miracle of ceation). Basically, the male princiole(vegetation god) seeks the female principle in order to effect a sexual union which will result in love and life. Val partially achieves his goal through finding his compatible female principle, and the result of their love-union is Lady's pregnancy. Val and Lady, however, are not triumphant in their union for long, due to her hesitancy to leave the town of Glorious Hill in order to celebrate a macabre revenge over the dying, impotent father-god figure, her husband, Jabe. Val hesitates in order to stay with and ensure the safety of his female counterpart, and his decision is fatal. He becomes a martyr to his love(4,5). Val must confront a very serious, or fatal opposition in Glorious Hill. His conflict results in their questioning of faith. In consciously deciding to become scapegoat and confronting his fatal opposition, Val chooses his own morality or beliefs over escape or conformity. He dies because he is true to himself and Lady. Thus his auto-da-fe´, his self-sacrifice, is voluntary(6,7). Val is the archetypal representation of many prototypes, Adam, Orpheus, Adonis, and Christ. All stem from early pagan vegetation deities. This use of characters elevates the resolution of the play to a metaphysical(magical) level. The catharsis the audience experience via its empathy with Val returns the theatre to its orginal purpose of the celebration of a community of a life/death mystery play(8,9). The sex equals god formula is operative in the plays in that the vegetation god(the redeemer) possesses power that is equated to or strongly dependent upon his sexuality. Val opposes older, more entrenched, pharisaical god figures who represent darkness and evil versus the redeemer's light and goodness. Thus, Val poses a direct sexual threat to the sterile establishment leader(10). The symbolic accouterments of William's redeemer in Orpheus Descending reinforce the character's symbolic actions. Val's snakeskin, his guitar, his "tree of life" curtain and his living quarters are symbols of redemption or regeneration. Williams' religiosity is not so simplistic as to be strictly Catholic or even Christian. His religious symbology extends back to pagan and primitive cults, which share a common foundation with Christianity(11). The confession of the redeemer is Williams' ultimate means of eliciting empathy from the audience. Val humbles himself before the others of the play. He reveals his innermost feeling and experience candidly. Val sees through Lady in regard to her offer of the alcove for his living quarters. But he does not judge. He forgives, thus exhibiting his Christ like quality of mercy. Following this self-recognition, Val k and Lady consummate their love. Val struggles against the forces of darkness, and sacrifices himself out of love. He is the Orphic figure whose music enables him to transcend reality, and defeat death, first temporarily, then through transcendance(12).

전도성 충전물을 이용한 도전성 판재의 제조기술 개발

남효덕,이현석,박봉국 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 2003 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.31 No.1

As an effort of developing efficient materials for shielding EM waves, a fibrous sheet for shielding EMI is developed by adding conductive filler to fibrous sheet during hardening process. From the aspect that the conductivity is inversely proportional to the square value of the length of added material, the conductive filler is fabricated by electroless plating with nickel and copper to the polymer textile power which has very high anisotropy. The conducting sheet was also fabricated by applying proper amount of highly efficient conductive filler to the fibrous sheet. The results obtained by measuring the shielding characteristics of 1㎒∼1㎓ frequency range showed the EMI suppressing effectiveness of 10∼20 ㏈.

癎疾에 대한 Diamox의 效果

南命錫,李奎恒,金顯東 大韓神經精神醫學會 1966 신경정신의학 Vol.5 No.1

The anticonvulsive effect of Diamox was observed on 35 epileptic patients consisted of 18 old ones and 17 fresh ones, from May, 1965 to Sep, 1965, at the Neuropsychiatric Department of Seoul National University Hospital and The 3rd Army Hospital. Among 35 epileptics 9 cases were symptomatic, others idiopathic and in the age of the initial onset 20 cases were from 10 to 19 years old of patient's age 9 cases from 20 to 29, 3 cases from 30 to 39, 3 case over 40. 29 cases of them were grandmal and other mixed in clinical type. The doses of medication was 1-2gm/day without any other anticonvulsants, during two months over. We devided the effectiveness into four groups, Good (80-100% improvement), Fair (50-80% improvement), Poor (0-50% improvement), Wore (increased in frequency). RESULTS: 1) We could observe the good response in 57.1% of patients. The more fresh revealed the better result. (TableⅠ) 2) No distinction between the idiopathic and the symptomatic could be found in response. (TableⅢ) 3) The case of the more frequent attack revealed the better response. (TableⅣ) 4) The side effects could be found in 88.3% of patients. Among them, paresthesia was most predominant symptom. (Table Ⅴ) No severe side effect was observed in all cases. We could control them with decrease of dosage or without any mangement, 5) Some problems remain: a) The clinical type and the degree of response. b) The evaluation of the child epilepsy. c) EEG pattern and degree of response. d) The biochemical study on the mechanism of action. We should like to perform above problems at another chance.

Beef Meat의 조리법에 따른 sauce가 미치는 영향

남현근,양해석 광주보건대학 1999 論文集 Vol.24 No.-

In order to figure out of Meat Beef cooking condition, Grilled Meat Beef method and Roast Meat Beef method were selected. Through those methods, Roasting in the oven was better than grilling method. The hardness and softness of Meat Beef was satisfied with taste and color. The sauce is very important on the Meat Beaf cooking, because of controlling acidity for meat.

창녕지역 농촌생활용수 암반지하수의 수질과 분포암석과의 관계연구

박현주,박종남,이재경,박인석 東亞大學校 環境問題硏究所 2005 硏究報告 Vol.27 No.1

As of the end of 2001, even though about 89% of the population throughout the country are blessed with water service, areas of seashore, island and parts of inland are still in difficulties with drinking water. For this reason, the water resources project for stable supply by developing groundwater has been conducted since 1992, under the auspices of Ministry of Agriculture & Froestry. As of 2003, a total of 594 project areas have been completed in the Gyeongsang Province by the KARICO Gyeongnam Branch. Among these, 60 samples in the Changyeong area developed since 1999, were chosen for chemical analysis of groundwater developed in varieties of rock. As a result, there appears excess fluorine in the granite, gneiss and diorite in this area. Correlation analysis between rock type and groundwater chemistry show that the fluorine has high correlation with Fe and aluminum in diorite, and nitrate nitrogen in the andesite rock, while hardness, total solids and SO^(2-)_(4) have high correlations each other not only in sedimentary rocks but also in all other types of rocks. It has been known that the TDS (fluorine, hardness, total solids, and SO^(2-)_(4)) of groundwater increase with depth due to water rock interaction by increasing the amount of pumping rate at the well. However, in this study, the well depth and groundwater chemistry show little correlation in between. This may be partly due to limited number of samples used in the study with a total of 46 points suitable for drinking water. It may be thought that well distributed sampling points with more samples throughout the whole area should be collected for analysis, so as to increase reliability in the result.

烏梅(Mume Fructus)水性엑스의 家兎 腸運動에 미치는 影響

高錫太,朴炫貞,任光楠 조선대학교 약학연구소 1994 藥學硏究誌 Vol.16 No.1

Effect of .Mume Fructus on intestinal function was investigated in rabbit, making use of its water extract. Mume Fructus water extract(MWE), of small doses(0.1, 0.3㎎/ml) produced contractile action but did not effect the spontaneous movement strips of high dose(1.0㎎/ml) elicited relaxative action and the inhibition of spontaneous movement in ileum strips. In lieum strips, MWE did not influence the contractile action but augmented the spontaneous movement to acetylcholine, MWE elicited the inhibition of contractile action and the agumentation of spontaneous movement to pilocarpine, MWE inhibited the both actions to histamine, did not affect to serotonin and blocked to dopamine. MWE exhibited the relaxation and the inhibition of spontaneous movement in longitadinal muscle of colon. In longitudinal muscle of colon, MWE inhibited both actions to acetylcholine, did not influence the contractile actions but augmented the spontaneous movement to histamine and serotonin. MWE elicited the increase of contractile actions and the decrease of spontaneous movement in circular muscle of colon. In circular muscle of colon, MWE augmented both actions to acetylcholine, inhibited both actions to serotonin, and then did not affect the contractile action but augmented the spontaneous movement to histamine.

봄철 익산지역 환경대기 중 수용성 이온성분의 일별 침적량

김남송,강공언,김정숙,김현아,신지혜,김병수,최석진 원광대학교 대학원 2008 論文集 Vol.40 No.-

Deposition samples were collected in wet gauge and dry gauge containers at downtown of Iksan city, located southwest of the Korean peninsula, from April 20 to May 1, 2004. The volume of 30-50㎖ deionized water was added for wet gauge before sampling, but dry gauge was installed in the dry state with no deionized water adding. These samples were collected twice a day during daytime and nighttime and were analyzed for anions(Cl^(-), NO^(3-), SO₄^(2-)) and cations (NH₄^(+), Na^(+), K^(+), Mg^(2+), Ca^(2+)) using ion chromatography. Data quality was checked by the data obtained from re-injection of standard solution, Dionex cross check standard solutions, and random several deposition samples, and measured data was estimated to be reliable. Considering the deposition sample volume, the sampling time, the surface area of sampling container, and the ion concentration measured, the deposition amounts were calculated in mg/㎡/day. The sum of ion dry deposition amounts for dry gauge and wet gauge was 9.1±6.7 mg/㎡/day and 26.5±9.1 mg/㎡/day, respectively. A significant increase in deposition amount during rainfall days and Asian yellow dust period was observed for both wet gauge and dry gauge, especially during rainfall days having no difference of deposition amount between in wet gauge and in dry gauge. The mean deposition of all ions measured in this study were higher in wet gauge than in dry gauge because of the surface difference of the sampling container. The mean deposition amount of NH₄^(+), SO₄^(2-), and NO^(3-) in wet gauge were found to be about 27.6 times, 5.5 times, and 3.4 times higher. than that in dry gauge, while the rest of the chemical species were equal or a little higher in wet gauge than in dry gauge. Dominant species in dry gauge were SO₄^(2-) and Ca^(2+), accounting for 14.7% and 47.3% of the total ion dry deposition, whereas those in wet gauge were SO₄^(2-) and NH₄^(+), accounting for 27.7% and 27.1% of the total ion dry deposition, respectively.

합천지역 농촌생활용수 암반지하수의 수질과 분포암석과의 관계연구

박현주,박종남,박인석,이재경,한원태 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 2006 硏究報告 Vol.28 No.1

As of the end of 2001, even though about 89% of the population throughout the country are blessed with water service, areas of seashore, island and parts of inland are still in difficulties with drinking water. For this reason, the water resources project for stable supply by developing groundwater has been conducted since 1992, under the auspices of Ministry of Agriculture & Forestry. As of 2003, a total of 594 project areas have been completed in the Gyeongsang Province by the KARICO Gyeongnam Branch. Among these, 57 samples in the Hapcheon area developed since 1999, were chosen for chemical analysis of groundwater developed in varieties of rocks. As a result, there appears excessive fluorine in the granite, gneiss and diorite in this area. Correlation analysis between rock type and groundwater chemistry shows that the fluorine has high correlation with Fe and aluminum in diorite, and nitrate nitrogen in the andesite rock, while hardness, total solids and SO4+ have high correlations each other not only in sedimentary rocks but also in all other types of rocks. It has been known that the TDS (fluorine, hardness, total solids, and SO4+) of groundwater increase with depth due to water- rock interaction by increasing the amount of pumping rate at the well. However, in this study, the well depth and groundwater chemistry show little correlation in between. This may be partly due to limited number of samples used in the study with a total of 46 points suitable for drinking water. It may be thought that well distributed sampling points with more samples throughout the whole area should be collected for analysis, so as to increase reliability in the result.

공여자의 종류에 따른 간이식 후 감염성 합병증의 비교 : Comparison between Orthotopic and Living Donor Transplantation

기현균,손준성,오원섭,백경란,이남용,김성주,조재원,이석구,송재훈 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : 최근 간이식 수요가 증가함에 따라 이에 대한 하나의 대안으로 생체 부분 간이식(LDLT) 시행례가 증가하고 있다. 이에 뇌사자 사체 간이식(OLT)과의 감염 양상을 비교하기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법 : 1996년 5월부터 2003년 8월까지 삼성서울병원에서 간이식을 시행 받은 284명의 환자들을 대상으로 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결과 : 188명은 LDLT를, 96명은 OLT를 시행 받았다. 간이식 후 감염증은 총 191명에서 발생하였고(67.0%) OLT 환자군과 LDLT 환자군 사이에 감염증의 발생 빈도와 원인 병원체의 빈도는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 병원체 별로는 Enterococcus 균정(16.2%) S. aureus(15.1%), coagulase negative staphylococci (13.4%)의 순서였다. 감염증의 종류는 복강 내 감염이 총 83례로 가장 많았는데, LDLT에서 OLT에 비하여 유의하게 높게 발생하였다(34.0% vs 19.8%, P=0.012). 요로 감염증(11.5% vs 4.3%, P=0.022)과 침습성 아스페르길루스증(7.3% vs 1.6%, P=0.034)은 OLT을 시행한 경우에 많았다. 기타 감염증은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 간이식 환자에서 공여자의 종류에 따른 감염의 발생빈도는 차이가 없었으나 감염증 중 복강 내 감염은 LDLT에서 더 많이 발생하였다. 장구균 감염, 특히 반코마이신 내성 장구균이 간이식 후 발생하는 감염증의 중요한 원인 병원체임을 확인하였다. Background : Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has been performed more frequently to circumvent the shortage of donor organs. However, infectious complications after LDLT compared with orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) have not been well investigated to date. Methods : We have retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all consecutive cases of liver transplantation, which had been performed at the Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, from May 1996 to August 2003. Results : Of the 284 patients enrolled, 188 (66.2%) underwent LDLT. Overall incidence of infectious complications after liver transplantation was 67.0% (191/284). Incidence of infections was not different between OLT group (67.7%) and LDLT group (67.0%) (P=0.9). Bacterial infections were the most common infectious complications (146 cases) followed by viral infections (32 cases), fungal infections (26 cases), and tuberculosis (4 cases). Enterococcus spp. (16.2%) were the leading pathogens followed by Staphylococcus aureus (15.1 %) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (13.4%). However, the distribution of etiologic agents was not different between OLT and LDLT group. Intra-abdominal infections (83 cases) were the most common type of infectious complications, which were more frequent in LDLT group (34.0%) than in OLT group (19.8%) (P=O.Ol). Conclusion : LDLT resulted in intra-abdominal infections more frequently than OLT. Enterococcus spp., especially vancomycin-resistant enterococci, are emerging pathogens in patients with liver transplantation.

이온주입이 금속의 일함수에 미치는 영향(Ⅰ)

김현경,강석태,황정남,이철주,최대선,정병두 연세대학교 자연과학연구소 1984 學術論文集 Vol.13 No.-

이온 주입이 일함수 차이에 미치는 영향을 연구하기 위하여 낮은 에너지 이온 가속기, 전자총과 기타 일함수 차이를 측정하기 위한 장치를 설계, 제작하였다. 제작된 이온 가속기의 집속 특성은 이론적인 값과 일치하였다. 즉, 집속 렌즈의 확대율이 이론값은 2.0인데 비하여 1.2로 상당히 작은 값이었다. 또한 집속 렌즈의 전압 V_L과 추출 전압 V_e에 의한 집속 특성 역시 이론값과 매우 잘 일치하였다 . 제작된 장치를 사용하여 다결정 Cu와 Ni의 일함수 차이를 측정한 결과 0.45eV임을 알았다. 그리고 전자선을 이용하여 억제 전위차로 일함수를 측정할때 입사 전자의 반사율을 고려해야 함을 알았다. Low energy ion accelerator, electron gun, and apparatus for measuring work function difference are designed and constructed in order to study the effect of ion implantation on the work function. The focusing properties of accelerator is coincided with theoretical results; the magnification of Einzel lens is found to be 1.2, while theoretical value is 2.0, and the focal properties as a function of V_L/V_e are in good agreement with theory. Using these systems, the work function difference between polycrystalline Cu and Ni is found to be 0.45eV, and the experimental retarding potential plots indicate close agreement with the theoretical values modified by electron reflection.