배양 인체피부흑색종세포에 대한 크롬의 영향에 관한 연구

김남송,유선미 원광대학교 대학원 2008 論文集 Vol.40 No.-

To elucidate the mechanism of cytotoxicity on chromium in cultured human skin melanoma cells (SK-MEL-3), XTT assay was performed for the measurement of cytotoxicity induced by chromium after human skin melanoma cells were cultured for 48 hours in the medium containing various concentrations of chromium trioxide (CrO₃). In this study, chromium trioxide decreased cell viability dose-dependent manner after human skin melanoma cells were cultured in various chromium trioxide concentration of for 48 hours. In cell viability, XTT_(90) and XTT_(50) was determined at 3uM and 30uM chromium trioxide, respectively, so chromium trioxide was highly toxic by toxic criteria of Brenfreund et al. From above the results, it is suggested that chromium trioxide showed cytotoxicity by the decrease of cell viability in cultured human skin melanoma cells.

세포 내 신호전달과정을 통한 카드뮴의 Apoptosis 유도

김남송,오경재,조광호,현미선,김유창,성태호,염정호,권근상 大韓産業醫學會 2002 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Objectives : Apoptosis is a process of active cell death, distinct from necrosis and characterized by specific morphological and biochemical features. Apoptosis induced by metals and metal-related deleterious conditions has only recently been studied. Although the toxic effects of heavy metals are well described, little is known about the mechanism of apoptosis via cadmium toxicity. Thereforce, this study is designed to define the induction mechanism of apoptosis by which cadmium exerts its cytotoxic effect on human promyelocytic leukemic HL-60 cells. The cytotoxic effects of cadmium on HL-60 cells are studied in regards to apoptotic signal transduction pathways. Methods : The mode of cadmuim-induced apoptosis was investigated in HL-60 cells. HL-60 cells were treated with various concentrations of cadmium and antioxidants after which the viability of the cells were measured by MTT assay. The morphological features of cadmium- induced apoptosis were evaluated by fluoromicroscopy and the DNA fragmentation was analyzed using 1.5% agarose gel electrophorosis. Kinase activity was assayed by autoradiography and activity of NF-κB and nuclear proteins were measured by EMSA. Results : Cadmium (125 μM) induces the characteristic morphological features of apoptosis, which are characterized by a shrinkage of the cytoplasm and a condensation of chromatin. In addition, cadmium induced the ladder pattern of DNA fragmentation. Antioxidants(Sodium nitroprusside, glutathione and N-acethylcysteine), which were not toxic to the cells, did not suppress apoptosis induced by cadmium. Cadmium enhances the expression of several classes of genes at elevated cytotoxic concentrations. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase(PARP) was predominantly in the fragmented form when doses of 125 μM were used. Since PARP is cleaved by CPP32 (caspase-3), we next determined if cadmium was capable of effecting changes in CPP32 activity. The results of these experiments showed that cadmium increased caspase-3 activity in a time dependent manner, corresponding to the time of appearance of fragmented PARP. Cadmium also increased the phosphotransferase activities of c-JUN N-terminal kinase(JNK). Furthermore, cadmium increased the activation of transcriptional factors including the activation of protein-1 (AP-1) and NF-κB. Conclusions : These results suggest that cadmium induces the apoptotic death of HL-60 cells via the activation of a DEVD-specific caspase, JNK and transcriptional factors such as AP-1 and NF-κB.

일부 제조업 여성 근로자들의 작업환경과 건강실태에 관한 조사

김남송,이재형 최신의학사 1993 最新醫學 Vol.36 No.12

카드뮴에 의한 HL-60 세포의 Apoptosis 유도에 관한 연구

김남송,현미선,조광호,이종섭 한국보건교육건강증진학회 1999 한국보건교육·건강증진학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.- No.-

유아의 입체도형 표상능력과 기하학적 구성물 표상능력간의 관계연구

김남송,최은정 원광대학교 대학원 2008 論文集 Vol.41 No.-

The purposes of this study were to assess childern's represent soild and geometric figures, and to define the relationship between their ability to represent solid figures and that to represent geometric figures. The subjects of this study were 120 three, four and five-year old children. The collected data were analyzed by F-test, Scheffe-test, T-test and Pearson's correlation analysis. The result of this study is as follows: First, there was age of children does have a significant impact on their ability to represent solid figures. However, gender does not play a meaningful role in this category. Second, there was age of children does affect their ability to represent geometric figures the older they are, the more ability they display to represent geometric figures. On the other hand, gender does not apparently affect the ability of young children to represent or comprehend geometric figures. third there exists a relationship between the representation by young children (ages 3-5) of solid figures and that of geometric figures.

흰쥐의 만성 카드뮴 중독에 대한 식용 버섯의 전처리효과

김남송 한국환경보건학회 1995 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.21 No.4

The concentrations of cadmium, metallothionein(MT), superoxide dismutase(SOD), and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) were investigated in liver and kidney of rats which were fed the water containing 100 ppm cadmium chloride with basal diet and 5% Agaricus bisporus diet during 16 weeks. Cadmium concentrations in liver and kidney increased during 16 weeks, and there were significantly higher accumulation of cadmium in the kidney than in the liver. The concentrations of MTs in liver and kidney decreased linearly during 16 weeks, but there was no significant difference between control and experimental group. MT concentrations of liver were significantly higher than those of kidney. The superoxide dismutase activities and lactate dehydrogenase activities were not affected by the diet, but there was a significant difference by the duration of administration. These data indicate that the kidney is a major target organ of chronic cadmium poisoning, and suggest that Cd-induced hepatic injury, via release of Cd-MT, may play an important role in the nephrotoxicity. In conclusion, induction of MT occurs in both the liver and the kidney after administration of $CdCl_2$. However, the kidney is less responsive than the liver to the induction of MT by cadmium, which may contribute to making the kidney the target organ of toxicity during chronic Cd exposure.

만경강 담수어중 중금속 함량에 관한 연구

김남송,Kim, Nam-Song 대한예방의학회 1988 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.21 No.1

This study was performed to investigate the heavy metal contents of freshwater fishes. The samples of 24 species were collected at 7 areas located on the Mankyung River during September in 1987. And then the contents of lead, cadmium, copper and zine were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. The mean value of lead, cadmium, and copper contents of fishes collected in the downstream were significantly higher than those of upstream. 2. The mean lead content of C. auratus was the highest $1.50{\pm}0.98{\mu}g/g$ in viscera and statistically significant difference from muscle content. 3. The mean cadmium content of C. auratus was the highest $0.087{\pm}0.054{\mu}g/g$ in viscera and significantly higher than that of muscle. 4. In the copper contents, the viscera of C. auratus was the highest $5.25{\pm}0.94{\mu}g/g$ and significantly higher than that of muscle, skeleton and gill. 5. The mean value of zinc content of C. auratus was shown the order of gill, skeleton, viscera and muscle.

Cadmium에 의한 흰쥐의 간장 및 신장의 Metallothionein 변화와 방어효과

김남송,이재형,고대하,기노석,황인담,Kim, Nam-Song,Lee, Jae-Hyung,Koh, Dai-Ha,Ki, No-Suk,Hwang, In-Dam 대한예방의학회 1991 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.24 No.3

Tolerance to several toxic effects of cadmium, including lethality has been shown following pretreatment with cadmium and zinc. This study was designed to determine if tolerance also develops to Cd-induced hepatotoxicityandrenaltoxicity. Three groups of rats (A, B, C), each consisting of 16 rats, were studied and each group was divided into four subgroups (1, 2, 3, 4), 4 rats for each subgroup. Rats were subcutaneously pretreated with saline (A), $CdCl_2$ (0.5 mg/kg, B), and $ZnCl_2$ (13.0 mg/kg, C) during time periods of $1{\sim}6$ weeks. At the end of the period, rats were challenged with $CdCl_2$ (3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 mg/kg, ip). After giving the challenge dose, cadmium and metallothionein (MT) concentrations were determined and also observed the histologic change in liver and kidney. The concentration of cadmium in liver and kidney increased dose-dependently to the challenge dosage. These da indicate the kidney is a major target organ of chronic cadmium poisoning, and suggest that cadmium induced hepatic injury, via release of Cd-MT, may play an important role in the nephrotoxicity observed in response to long-term exposure to cadmium. In addition, histologic examination of group $A_2,\;A_3\;and\;A_4$ revealed moderate to severe cadmium toxicity, evidenced by infiltration of inflammatory cells, cell swelling, pyknosis, enlarged sinusoids and necrosis in liver, and tubule cell necrosis and degeneration in kidney. However, MT concentrations in liver and kidney were increased by the pretreatment of $CdCl_2$ and $ZnCl_2$, and their morphological findings were not significantly changed, comparing with control group. Higher MT concentration in liver and kidney observed in the pretreated groups constitutes a plausible explanation of the protective effects of pretreatment against the cadmium toxicity after challenge dosing.

흰쥐의 카드뮴 독성에 대한 식용쑥의 병용투여 효과

김남송,조광호 최신의학사 1997 最新醫學 Vol.40 No.8

전처치 기간에 따른 흰쥐의 조직내 카드뮴 및 metallothionein 생성에 관한 연구

김남송 한국독성학회 1997 Toxicological Research Vol.13 No.1

This study was performed to investigate the effects of cadmium chloride on the acute and chronic toxicity on rats. Several toxic effects of cadmium has been shown following short-term and longterm pretreatment with cadmium and zinc. Four groups of rats (A, B, C, D), each consisting of 16 rats, were studied and each group was divided into four subgroups (1, 2, 3, 4), 4 rats for each subgroup. Rats were subcutaneously pretreated with $CdCl_2$ (0.5 mg/kg, A & C), and $ZnCl_2$ (13.0 mg/kg, B & D) during time periods of 1 weeks (group A & B) and 6 weeks (group C & D). At the end of the period, rats were challenged with $CdCl_2$ (3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 mg/kg, i.p.). After giving the challenge dose, cadmium and metallothionein(MT) concentrations were determined. The concentrations of cadmium were higher in the liver than the kidney irrelevantly to cadmium and zinc pretreatment and increased dose-dependently to the challenge dosage. The metallothioneins showed higher concentrations in the liver than the kidney following cadmium pretreatment and were higher in the long-term pretreatment groups than the short-term pretreatment groups in the liver and the kidney of rats. These data suggest that metallothioneins are induced preferentially in the liver by pretreatment of cadmium and then, formed in the form of Cd-MT, may play an important role in the nephrotoxicity.