冬蟲夏草의 抗轉移와 免疫增進에 關한 硏究

최우진,유화승,이용연,서상훈,조정효,이연월,손창규,조종관 대전대학교 한방병원 2000 惠和醫學 Vol.9 No.2

This experimental study was carried out to evaluate the effects of Cordiceps sinensis on the antimetastasis and immune activity. In order to investigate the effect of Cordiceps sinensis, the followings were performed; Cytotoxicity, inhibition of MMP-2 & MMP-9 gene expression, fraction of CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ in splenic cell, the moprphological change of splenic cells, gene expression of IL-12(p35), IL-12(p40), IFN-?? and splenic cell proliferation by CS-E. The results were obtained as follows. 1. CS-E did not present cytotoxic effect on L+14, B16-F10 melanoma cells and HMCB. 2. CS-E inhibited MMP-2 and MMP-9 gene expression more effectively compared with control group. 3. CS-E inhibited invasion of B16-F10 melanoma cells more effectively compared with control group. 4. CS-E helped CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ expression more effectively compared with control group. 5. CS-E activated phagocytic cells in spleen more effectively compared with control group. 6. CS-E helped IL-12(p35), IL-12(p40), IFN-?? gene expression in splenic cell more effectively compared with control group. 7. CS-E activated splenic cell proliferation more effectively compared with control group. From above findings, it is suggested that CS-E is able to inhibit metastasis of cancer and activate immune response system.

15 kVA급 저항형 초전도 전류제한기의 전류제한특성

최효상,최창주,이상일,정수복,오금곤 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 2004 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.26 No.1

We investigated resistive superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLs) fabricated using YBCO thin films on 2-inch diameter sapphire substrates. Nearly identical SFCL units were prepared and tested. The units were connected in series and parallel to increase the current and voltage ratings. A serial connection of the units showed significantly unbalanced power dissipation between the units. This imbalance was removed by introducing a shunt resistor to the firstly quenched unit. Parallel connection of the units increased the current rating. An SFCL module of 4 units in parallel, each of which has minimum quench current 25 A_(peak), was produced and successfully tested at a 220 V_(rms) circuit. From the resistance increase, we estimated that the film temperature increases to 200 K in 5 msec, and 300 K in 120 msec. Successive quenches revealed that this system is stable without degradation in the current limiting capability under such thermal shocks as quenches at 220 V_(rms).

멀티미디어 데이터를 위한 웹 서버 성능 개선에 대한 연구

최승교,안효범 三陟大學校 1999 論文集 Vol.32 No.1

The method for improving web service was proposed and implemented. But, the methods only proposed to reduce response time for typical data and did not consider to multimedia data. In this paper, We propose to a method for improving performance of web server which process multimedia data, and evaluate a proposed method with trace-driven simulation.

수영장 이용 실태 및 운영 개선 방향

최영웅,김홍백,강효민,윤상문 三陟大學校 2003 論文集 Vol.36 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate swimming pool usage at sports centers in Samcheok, South Korea and to identify ways of improving its operation. A survey developed by the researcher was used to collect data from a random sample of 243 participants in swimming programs at the sports centers. The internal operation data were also obtained from each sports center to analyze its operation of a swimming pool. 1. Of the 243 participants, 69% indicated that improving physical health was considered the most common reason for which they participated in the swimming program. Seventeen percent reported that utilizing their leisure time was the reason for them to start swimming. Seventeen percent of the respondents were influenced by their friends to begin swimming while 47% decided to begin swimming without other' s influence. 2. Fifty-three percent of male respondents (53%) used a swimming pool early morning and 27% used it later afternoon. On the other hand, 66% of female respondents used it in the morning and 22% used it in the early morning. The majority of the female respondents indicated their duration of using it was two years or more, while the majority of the male reported their duration was three to six months. 3. Most respondents (63%) spent less than 30 minutes to get to their sports center by an automobile. Fifty-three percent drove their car and 40% used a transportation provided by their sports center. 4. More than 78% were satisfied with their swimming instructor. Fifty-one percent were specially satisfied with her/his service and 21% were satisfied with her/his coaching skills. 5. Fifty-four percent were satisfied with its facilities while 2% were dissatisfied with it. 6. The most respondents preferred to purchase a three-month membership. Sixty-four percent were satisfied with their membership fees. 7. Only 2% indicated that they want to discontinue their swimming program. Reasons for that were a lack of time (31%) and unaffordable membership fees (27%). 8. Statistically significant differences were found in the satisfaction with its facilities between married and unmarried respondents. In addition, statistically significant differences were found in the satisfaction with its store and restaurant based on their demographical characteristics. 9. The peak season for swimming pool usage was between June and August while the slower season was between November and February. Based on the analysis of the internal operation data, there had been a loss of $54,000 for 2000 and $80,000 for 2001.

석탄회 펠렛의 미연탄소 연소 현상 분석

崔尙丁,李孝眞,吳明淑 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 2001 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.12 No.-

As the number of coal fired power plants in the domestic power industry continues to increases, the amount of fly ash produced is also increasing, making the reutilization of fly ash a vital issue. Various methods to reutilize the fly ash from coal power plants have been investigated, and one of such areas with the potential to grow is the usage as light weight sintered construction materials. Sintered fly ash aggregates are produced in two steps; the first is the pellet formation step, during which the fly ash particles containing unburnt carbons were made into a pellet using caking components, and the second the pellet sintering by the combustion heat of the carbons. During the sintering process, the combustion rate of the carbon affects the characteristics of sintered pellets. The combustion of carbon occurs via adsorption of O₂ on the active sites, and desorption of CO/CO₂. The parameters which affect the rate of adsorption, desorption, and transfer of O₂ and CO/CO₂ include the O₂ partial pressure and flow rate, the pellet size, the porosity, the pore tortuosity, the pore size distribution, the carbon content and distribution. This study investigated the combustion of carbon during the production of sintered fly ash through modeling. A simple combustion model using Langmuir isotherm is used to calculate the pellet temperature. The oxygen diffusion through the pores is ignored. At the temperatures of sintering, the desoption process is a rate limiting process, making the overall rate sensitive to the desoption kinetic parameters. In addition, it was found that the carbon content and the heat capacity of the pellet affected both the rate of the reaction and the final pellet temperature, while the area of active sites only affect the reaction rate. The future work will include the combustion modeling with external and internal diffusion of O₂, and the model confirmation through experimentation.

색깔 속성은 객관적인가? : 타이의 논변을 중심으로

김효은,최성호 중앙대학교부설 중앙철학연구소 2009 철학탐구 Vol.26 No.-

The question of whether colors exist either inside or outside the mind has been raised since ancient times. This paper critically examines Michael Tye’s objectivist replies to the subjectivist claim on the nature of color. Color subjectivists such as Cosmides & Tooby employ simultaneous color contrast phenomenon to support their position. One of Tye’s replies is that there are ‘Normal’ observers by which we can determine true colors. Another reply relies on the analogy to the simultaneous phenomenon of shape. I point out that Tye’s replies are wrong-headed not only because ‘Normality’ is groundless but also because Tye’s comparison between shapes and colors turns out to be disanalogous. Further, Tye’s claim fails to explain our ordinary mistakes on color perception. In conclusion, Tye’s objectivist account of the nature of color is far from satisfactory. 색깔의 본성에 대한 객관주의적 견해와 주관주의적 견해 간의 논쟁은 색깔이 대상에 속하는 본래적 속성인지 아니면 대상 이외의 속성과의 관계에 의해서 존재하는 것인지에 관한 것으로, 고대시대 이래로 논쟁이 되어왔다. 코스미데스와 투비처럼 색깔을 심적 속성으로 보는 색깔에 관한 주관주의자들은 그들 주장의 근거로서 색깔 동시대비 현상을 근거로 삼는다. 이에 대한 타이의 해결책은 두 가지이다. 하나는 어느 색 경험이 맞는지를 판별해 줄 기준이 되는 지각자와 지각적 환경이 있다고 하는 것이다. 또 다른 해결책은 모양 속성의 특징에 색깔을 비유하는 것이다. 필자는 타이의 해결책이 근거가 없을 뿐만 아니라 잘못된 유비를 사용하고 있다고 비판하고, 우리의 일상적인 색 지각 오류를 설명하지 못하기 때문에 색깔에 대한 타이의 객관주의적 견해는 잘못되었거나 부족한 설명이라고 결론내린다.

春川댐 放流時 橋梁의 安定性 檢討를 위한 水理模型實驗 硏究

최한규,백효선,최상순 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2004 産業技術硏究 Vol.24 No.B

In The case of the bridge which is located in the downstream of the dam, effect of the running water and stability of the bridge is studing by using the Hydraulic model test. 1. The water level change of `Seosang1 bridge' along Chunchon dam spill occurred through this experiment more greatly than a numerical conspiracy. 2. Bight is the spot where a difference occurs in located bridge piers(p18-p28) greatly, and an influence of Chunchon dam occurs in greatly.

마산만의 하수기인 유기물 fecal sterol의 분포

최민규,문효방,김상수,이윤 한국환경과학회 2005 한국환경과학회지 Vol.14 No.5

Surface sediments and seawater were sampled at Masan and Haengam Bays of Korea, to evaluate contamination by sewage-derived organic matter using fecal sterols. Six stream-water samples into Masan and Haengam Bays were also sampled. Total concentrations of eight sterols (coprostanol, epichloestanol, epicoprostanol, cholesterol, cholestanol, brassicasterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol) were in the range of 1,274~4,768 ㎍/g dry weight in suspended particulate from the stream-water, 292-2,244 ㎍/g dry weight in suspended particulate from the seawater and 4.5~27.2 ㎍/g dry weight in the sediments. Although sterol compositions in sediments, seawater and stream-water were different, cholesterol was the predominant sterol in all samples. The proportion and concentration of coprostanol, a sewage tracer, in stream-water was much higher than those in sediment and seawater. The sterol levels including coprostanol in the sediments and seawater were higher at inner basin than at the outer bay. Some molecular indices and multivariate statistical analysis were used to assess the origin of these sterols and sewage contamination in the study area. The sterol composition patterns in stream-water were mainly associated with contamination by sewage-derived organic matters and those of seawater were associated with the activities of marine-originated organisms. Sterol levels in the sediments were both from the sewage input through stream-water and the marine-originated organisms. This survey suggests that the main source/route of sewage-derived organic matters in Masan Bay is the input of stream-water into the bay.

퍼지 多目的 알고리즘을 적용한 總括生産計劃

崔孝惇,洪性一 慶一大學校 1993 論文集 Vol.9 No.1

Production planning and inventory control are important issues due to the large-scale and complexity of a current production system. Especially, there have been many researches in the aggregate production planning, but most of studies do not consider a fuzziness about the objective preference of a decision maker and represent an uncertainty as probabilistic measure. To make up these points, an interactive fuzzy algoritm is developed for quantifying a fuzziness by interaction between decision analyst and decision maker. This paper presents a basis for applying this algorithm to the aggregate production planning with multi-objective.

한국인 제2형 당뇨병 환자의 골격근에서 인슐린 신호전달체계의 결함

최준혁,이관우,김효정,이동훈,이종우,김정은,엄현채,김경미,최성이,정윤석,김현만 대한내분비학회 2002 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.17 No.5

연구배경: 제2형 당뇨병에서 나타나는 인슐린 저항성은 간, 지방, 근육 같은 말초조직에서 인슐린의 작용이 떨어지는 것을 말한다. 제2형 당뇨병의 발생기전에 인슐린 저항성과 인슐린 분비능 저하가 같이 관여함은 잘 알려진 사실이다. 인슐린의 세포내에서의 저항성을 규명하기 위한 인슐린의 세포내 신호전달체계에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으며 몇몇 연구에서 인슐린 저항성을 가진 골격근육에서 IRS와 관련된 PI3-kinase의 활성감소와 Akt kinase의 활성감소를 보고하고 있으나 아직까지 명확하게 그 기작이 설명되어지지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 정상성인, 제2형 당뇨병 환자를 대상으로 경구당부하검사 및 인슐린 클램프검사를 시행하고 인슐린 클램프 검사시 대상인의 근육을 채취하여 인슐린 신호전달 체계(IR-β, IRS, Akt(PKB, Rac) kinase, GSK-3)를 연구하였다. 방법: 연구대상자는 한국인으로서 경구당부하검사상 정상인 및 당뇨병 환자 각각 11명, 9명을 대상으로 하였으며, 정상인은 건강인으로 과거력상 당대사에 영향을 줄 질환이 없고, 현재 당대사에 영향을 줄 약물 복용 및 다른 소견이 없는 경구당부하검사상 정성 내당능을 보이는 대상자로 하였다. 당뇨병환자는 모두 제2형 당뇨병 환자로 이환기간이 만 5년 이내인 경우로 하고, 인슐린으로 치료하는 대상자는 제외하도록 하였다. 대상자의 연령, 체질량지수, 체지방량, 공복시 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 고밀도지단백 콜레스테롤 및 HbA1c, 인슐린, C-peptide를 측정하였고, "HOMA model"을 이용하여 베타세포의 기능와 인슐린저항성 정도를 평가하였다. 정상혈당클램프 검사(euhlycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp test)를 시행하고 인슐린 투입 전과 인슐린 투입 30분후, 두차례에 걸쳐 대퇴부 근육생검을 실시한후 western 법으로 IR-β, IRS, Akt kinase, GSK-3의 인산화량을 측정하였다. 결과: 정상인 11명과 당뇨병 환자 9명을 대상으로 하였으며 대상자의 평균 연령, 평균 체질량지수, 체지방량, 허리/엉덩이 둘레의 비(waist hip ratio; WHR)는 두 군간에 차이가 없었다. 평균 공복혈당은 정상군 98.0±0.3㎎/dL, 당뇨병군 208.1±16.5㎎/dL(p<0.05), HbA1c는 정상군 5.4±0.5%, 당뇨병군 9.2±0.6%(p<0.05)였다. "HOMA model"을 이용한 베타세포의 기능과 인슐린저항성은 정상군 56.4±8.5%, 1.4±0.2, 당뇨병군 72.2±52.3%(p<0.01), 10.2±6.3(p<0.01)였으며 정상혈당클램프 검사상 포도당 이용률은 정상군 8.2±0.6㎎/㎏/min, 당뇨병군 3.7±1.1㎎/㎏/min(p<0.01)로 정상군과 당뇨병군간에 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. Western blot법으로 IR-β, IRS, Akt kinase, GSK-3의 인산화량을 인슐린 투입전과 인슐린 투입 30분후 측정하였을 때 IR-β에서는 정상군이 103.9±2.3에서 241.3±18.6, 당뇨군이 108.9±2.2에서 198.7±6.3으로 증가하였다(p=NS). 이는 인슐린 투입후 당뇨병군이 정상군과 비교하여 인산화량의 증가정도가 통계적인 차이가 없었다. IRS에서는 정상군이 111.6±7.3에서 295.6±17.2, 당뇨군이 114.5±6.1에서 222.0±23.2로 증가하였으며(p<0.05), 인슐린 투입후 당뇨병군이 정상군과 비교하여 인산화량의 증가정도가 약 24% 감소하였다. Akt kinase에서는 103.4±6.0에서 416.8±29.5로 증가하였으며(p<0.01), 인슐린 투입후 당뇨병군이 정상군과 비교하여 인산화량의 증가정도가 약 43% 감소하였다. GSK-3에서는 정상군이 107.7±6.7에서 595.7±28.1, 당뇨군이 104.3±4.8에서 443.3±12.9로 증가하였으며(p<0.01), 인슐린 투입후 당뇨병군이 정상군과 비교하여 인산화량의 증가정도가 약 25% 감소하였다. 결론: 제2형 당뇨병 환자에서 정상인과 비교하여 인슐린 자극후 IR-β는 인산화량의 증가정도가 큰 차이가 없었으나, IRS, Akt kinase, GSK-3에서는 인산화량의 증가 정도가 감소되는 것으로 보아 상위 인슐린 신호전단체계부터 결함이 있는 것으로 생각된다. Background: The glucose uptake rate is the limiting step in glucose utilization and storage. The failure of insulin to stimulate glucose uptake in muscle appears to be a primary defect of insulin resistance. This study was undertaken to examine the effect of physiological hyperinsulinemia on the phosphorylation of the insulin receptor (IR-β), insulin receptor substrate (IRS), Akt kinase and GSK-3 in isolated skeletal muscle, in people with type 2 diabetes(n=9) and control subjects(n=11). Methods: 75g OGTT and euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp test were done. And vastus lateralis muscle was obtained before and 30 min into the euglycemic clamp. Western blots were performed for tyrosine phosphroylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) and phosphorylation of the insulin receptor(IR-β), Akt and GSK-3. Result: There were no statistical differences in the mean age, BMI and body fat between the control subjects and diabetic patients. The fasting blood sugar and HbA_1c in controls and diabetic patients were 98.0±0.3 and 208.1±16.5ng/dl, and 5.4±0.5 and 9.2±0.6%, and 1.4±0.2 in the control subjects, and 72.2±52.3%(p<0.01) and 10.2±6.3(p<0.01) in the diabetic patients, respectively. The insulin resistance from the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp test were 8.2±0.6㎎/㎏/min and 3.7±1.1ng/㎏/min in the control subjects and in the diabetic patients, respectively(p<0.01). Compared with the normal controls, insulin-stimulated IR phosphorylation was no different to that in the diabetic patients. However, insulin-stimulated IRS phosphorylation, insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and insulin-stimulated GSK-3 phosphorylation were reduced in the diabetic patients compared with the normal controls by 24, 43 and 25%, respectively(p<0.05). Conclusion: In Korean type 2 diabetic patients, the insulin resistance may be due to the impairment of the upstream insulin signal molecular network. Further studies will focus on determining whether these signaling defects are the cause of the development of insulin resistance, or secondary to the altered metabolic state, associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (J Kor Soc Endocrinol 17:685∼697, 2002).