망간중독에 대한 고찰

임 영,김경아,윤중임,임현우 가톨릭대학산업의학센타 산업의학연구소 1991 韓國의 産業醫學 Vol.30 No.1

Manganese is an essential mineral for human beings and animals. It is important to the production of steel and is used for the production of alloys with copper, aluminium, magnesium, and cast iron. And the job of drilling with pneumatic drills has been reported to be one of the most significant sources of manganese exposure and poisoning. We experienced 3 workers who worked in the process of welding load manufacuring and were diagnosed as the manganese poisoning by various laboratory data and physical examination and neurological examination.

S.D. Rats를 이용 1, 1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane의 아민성 흡입독성 연구

김현영,이성배,임철홍,김철우,점용현,한정희,전윤석,최수영,강대봉,이용묵 한국환경독성학회 2002 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.17 No.1

There were no specific effects for test materials on Sprague-Dawley (S.D.) rats in clinical symptoms, amounts of food intakes, weight changes, laboratory findings, and pathology after whole body l, l-Dichloro-1 -fluoroethane (used as coolant, metal cleaner and solvents) exposure(0, 1,500, 3,000, and 6,000 ppm) for 13 weeks (6 hour/day, 5 days/week). However, the loss of capillary vessels in eyeball (pupil) was observed in a female rat among 6,000 ppm group. Though there was a tendency for MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration) in rat to be decreased (p<0.05), it was not regarded as abnormal because the values were within normal limits. In asthma-stimulation related evaluations, there was also a tendency for inflammatory cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavages to be increased. But it had no statistical significance, and also no dependency on sex and the exposed concentration. Based on this result, the non observed effect level (NOEL) induced by 1, 1-Dichloro-l -fluoroethene inhalation was evaluated in groups with 3,000 ppm below (S .D. Rats, 13 weeks). Finally, it was concluded that the short term exposal of 1, 1-Dichloro-l-fluoroethane is not considered as a asthma stimulant by inhalation despite of some study limitations such as test animals use and short-term exposure .

Enterococcus faecalis 추출물이 임파구의 IL-2, IL-4, TGF-β1분비에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

김현식,이우철,손원준,이상탁,김철호,임성삼 大韓齒科保存學會 2005 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.30 No.1

In order to examine the immunoresponse of host cells to Enterococcus faecalis, this in vitro study monitored the production of Interleukin-2 (IL-2), Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in human lymphocytes. Lymphocytes were activated with PHA in the presence or abscence of sonicated extracts of E. Faecalis (SEF) and further incubated for 72 hours. The level of each cytokine was measured by ELISA. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test (P < 0.05). PHA-activated group did exhibit higher level of IL-2 and IL-4 than untreated control group. The levels of expression of both cytokines were significantly decreased following the treatment of high (25㎍/㎖) and medium concentration (12.5㎍/㎖) of SEF (P > 0.05) than those of PHA activated group. But low concentration (5㎍/㎖) of SEF showed th similar level of IL-2 and IL-4 production as those of PHA activated group. TGF-β1 was unaffected by SEF treatment. These results suggested that E. faecalis may suppress IL-2 and IL-4 production by lymphocytes and this could be one of possible factors why E. faecalis are found frequently in the teeth with failed endodontic treatment. 근관치료의 실패원인 중 중요한 세균으로 알려진 Enterococcus faecalis는 최근에 중요성이 더해지며 많은 연구들이 진행중이다. 여러가지 기전들이 보고되고 있으나 면역반응에 관한 연구는 거의 알려져 있지 않은 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 Enterococcus faecalis의 초음파 분쇄 추출물을 성인의 말초혈액으로부터 얻은 임파구에 적용시켜서 여기서 분비되는 interleukin-2, interleukin-4, transforming growth fater-β1의 농도를 Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)로 측정하여 비교, 평가하는 것을 목적으로 한다. E. faecalis를 적절한 조건에서 배양한 뒤 초음파 분쇄를 하여 추출물을 얻어냈다. 임파구는 건강한 성인의 말초혈액에서 추출하여 분리하였다. 임파구를 적절한 농도의 mitogen (Phytohemagglutinin: PHA)으로 자극시킨 뒤에 다양한 농도의 E. faecalis 초음파 추출물을 적용시키고 72시간 동안 배양하였다 ELISA를 이용하여 IL-2, IL-4,TGF-β1 의 농도를 측정하였다. 실험결과는 Kruskal-Wallis test, Man-Whitney rank sum test (p < 0.05)를 사용하여 통계처리 하였다. 실험결과 PHA로 처리한 군은 아무것도 처리하지 않은 군에 비해서 IL-2, IL-4의 수치가 유의성 있게 높았다 (p < 0.05). PHA로 처리한 군중에서 고농도와 중농도의 sonic extract of E. faecalis (SEF)로 처리한 군은 그렇지 않은 군에 비해서 IL-2 IL-4의 농도가 유의성 있게 낮았다 (p < 0.05). PHA로 처리한 군중에서 저농도의 SEF로 처리한 군은 그렇지 않은 군과 비교하여 유의할 만한 차이를 보이지 않았다.TGF-β1의 농도는 모든 군에서 유의할 만한 차이를 보이지 않았다 (p > 0.05). 따라서, E. faecalis의 추출물은 임파구의 IL-2, IL-4의 분비능력을 저하시킨다고 할 수 있다.

한국인 배자 및 태아에서 유치 발생의 조직학적 변화

김희진,임희식,최병재,오현주,박형우 大韓小兒齒科學會 1998 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.25 No.2

Tooth development is usually described in four stages such as bud stage, cap stage, bell stage and crown stage. Exact time of appearance of tooth primordia is different among reports, and up to now there is no timetable regarding initial tooth development. To understand the congenital malformations and other disorders of the orofacial region, there is need to establish a standard timetable of early tooth development. Till now, studies on the tooth development were mainly on later fetuses, and only few reports on early stage. Also, there were no reports on the time when bud stage turns to cap stage, and cap stage to bell stage. In this study, external morphology of face and the early development of the tooth, and transition of bud stage to cap stage, cap stage to bell stage were studied using 27 staged human embryos and 9 serially sectioned human fetuses. the results are as follows : 1. Mandibular region was formed by union of both mandibular arch at stage 15, and maxillary region by union of maxillary arch, medial nasal prominence, and intermaxillary segment at stage 19. 2. Ectodermal thickening which represents the primordia of tooth appeared in mandibular region at stage 13, and maxillary region at stage 15. 3. Bud stage began from mandibular primary central incisor at stage 17, and maxillary primary central incisor at stage 18. And the sequence of appearance was in the mandibular primary lateral incisor at stage 19, maxillary primary lateral incisor at stage 20, mandibular primary canine at stage 22, maxillary primary canine and primary first molar at stage 23, madibular primary first molar and maxillary primary second molar at 9th week, and mandibular primary second molar at 10th week of development. 4. cap stage began from the primary anterior teeth at 9th week, and primary second molar still had the characteristics of cap stage at 12th week of development. 5. Transition to bell stage started from the primary anterior teeth at 12th week, and primary second molar started at 16th week of development. 6. Trnasition to crown stage started from primary anterior teeth at 16th week, and primary second molar at 26th week of development.

제2형 당뇨병 환자에서 적극적 환자 교육이 혈당조절에 미치는 효과

이윤욱,황원선,최선정,이동훈,김도현,이은희,홍은경,노혜림,정윤석,이관우,김현만 대한내분비학회 2003 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.18 No.1

연구배경: 현재까지의 당뇨병 교육에 대한 노력은 제한되었으며, 연구 결과를 보면 식사 조절 교육과 체중 조절 프로그램을 수행한 환자들 중 적극적이고 기간이 긴 교육을 받은 경우, 성공적 결과가 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 자가관리나 체중감량 등의 당뇨병 치료의 중요한 목표는 적극적이고 긴 기간의 교육 없이는 시행되기 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 외래에서 당뇨병 환자를 대상으로 시행할 수 있는 행동 및 식사 교육 등의 적극적 교육 프로그램을 개발하여 제2형 당뇨병 환자들을 대상으로 이들에게 식사 조절 방법에 대한 목표설정과 문제에 직면하였을 때의 해결 방법 등을 교육해서 궁극적으로는 적극적 자아관리에 연결될 수 있도록 도와주는 것을 목적으로 기존의 통상적 교육과 보다 적극적인 교육이 당뇨병 환자의 혈당 조절에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대해 알아보기 위해 다음과 같은 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 본 연구는 아주대학교 병원 내분비 대사 내과를 처음으로 방문하여 치료받았던 58명의 제2형 당뇨병 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 내원 환자들을 무작위하게 추출하여 진찰권 번호 끝자리에 따라 홀수는 통상적 교육군(conventional education group, CE)과 짝수는 적극적 교육군(intensive education group, IE)으로 나누어 교육하고, 3개월후에 교육의 효과를 평가하였다. 결과: 1) 연구 대상자들의 교육 전과 후의 공복혈당, 식후2시간 혈당 및 HbA_lc 치는 IE군과 CE군 모두 각 그룹 내에서, 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). IE군에서는 공복혈당이 12.4nmol/L에서 7.7nmol/L로, 식후2시간 혈당이 20.3nmol/L에서 10.9nmol/L으로, HbA_lc치가 9.4%에서 7.0%로 모두 교육 전에 비하여, 교육 후에 감소(p<0.05)하였고, CE군도 공복혈당은 10.9nmol/L에서 9.4nmol/L로, 식후2시간 혈당은 17.1nmol/L에서 14.6nmol/L으로 HbA_lc가 8.5%에서 7.3%으로 모두 교육 후에 감소하였다(p<0.05). 또한, 교육 전에 비하여 교육 후에 공복 혈당 및 HbA_lc치가 감소하는 정도는 IE군에서의 감소가 CE군에 비해 더 현저하였다Op<0.05). 2) 식사에 대한 태도는 3부분으로 나누어 식사에 대한 규칙성, 식사 내용의 균형성, 식사에 대한 태도 등으로 나누어 각각의 점수 및 총점을 비교하였으며 교육 전에 비해 교육 후에 연구 대상자들의 식태도가 향상되었음을 알 수 있었다. 두 그룹간의 차이를 분석한 결과 식사의 균형성 항목에서와 총점에서 유의적으로 두 그룹의 차이를 보여서 IE군에 CE군에 비해 식사의 균형성 측면이 향상되었고, 전체적인 식태도가 좋아졌음을 알 수 있었다(p<0.05). 결론: 비교적 긴 기간은 아니지만 적극적 교육을 받은 당뇨병 환자들이 통상적 교육을 받은 군보다 혈당 및 HbA_lc, 식태도 점수등의 수치의 호전뿐만 아니라 당뇨병 환자의 삶에서 중요한 부분을 차지하는 식사요법 관리 부분에 있어 향상됨을 알 수 있었다. Background: To this date, efforts to develop effective methods for the education of diabetic patients have been limited. The important goal of self-management and weight control for diabetic treatment can not be attained without long and intensive period of education. This study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of an intensive educational program, of behavior and diet control, which was carried out on subjects with type 2 diabetes, on and out-patient basis. we compared the effectiveness of an intensive education programme with that of a conventional education programme for the self-management of type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: Subjects with type 2 diabetes were randomly selected, and allocated to one of two groups. One group received a conventional education programme of self-management(the CE group), and the second group received an intensive education progammes for three months, after which the effectiveness of the programmes were evaluate. Results: 1) The levels of fasting blood sugar(FBS), postprandial 2 hour blood sugar(PP2h) and HbA1c were significantly lowered in both groups following the intervention(p<0.05). In the IE group, the FBS declined from 12.4nmol/L to 7.7nmol/L, PP2h declined from 20.3nmol/L to 10.9nmol/L, and the HbA_lc showed a similar decline from 9.4 to 7.0% after intervention(p<0.05). In the Ce group, the FBS declined from 10.9 to 9.4nmol/l, the PP2h decreased from 17.1 to 14.6nmol/l, and the HbA_lc also decreased from 8.5 to 7.3% after intervention(p<0.05). The decrease in the FBS and HbA_lc following the educational intervention was more pronounced in the IE group than the CE group(p<0.05). 2) The effectiveness of the education programmes in promoting appropriate dietary behavior in the diabetic subjects was assessed by a scoring system in three parts: a regularity score, a balance score and an attitude score. From a comparative study of the three scores, the patients attitudes were observed to be much improved in both the groups following the intervention compared to before the programmes, but the balance and total scores were significantly higher in the IE group than the CE group(p<0.05). Conclusion: We can conclude that the intensive diabetic education programme is more effective than a conventional programme, not only in improving the patients' levels of glucose, HbA_lc, and dietary score, but also the diabetic patients self-control abilities, promoting behavioral change, and prompting problem solving capabilities in respect to the everyday problems that they have to face throughout their lives(J Kor Soc Endocrinol 18:63∼72, 2003).

Application of Vendor-Neutral Iterative Reconstruction Technique to Pediatric Abdominal Computed Tomography

Woo Hyeon Lim,Young Hun Choi,Ji Eun Park,Yeon Jin Cho,이승현,Jung-Eun Cheon,Woo Sun Kim,In-One Kim,Jong Hyo Kim 대한영상의학회 2019 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.20 No.9

ObjectiveTo compare image qualities between vendor-neutral and vendor-specific hybrid iterative reconstruction (IR) techniques for abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) in young patients. Materials and MethodsIn phantom study, we used an anthropomorphic pediatric phantom, age-equivalent to 5-year-old, and reconstructed CT data using traditional filtered back projection (FBP), vendor-specific and vendor-neutral IR techniques (ClariCT; ClariPI) in various radiation doses. Noise, low-contrast detectability and subjective spatial resolution were compared between FBP, vendor-specific (i.e., iDose1 to 5; Philips Healthcare), and vendor-neutral (i.e., ClariCT1 to 5) IR techniques in phantom. In 43 patients (median, 14 years; age range 1–19 years), noise, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and qualitative image quality scores of abdominopelvic CT were compared between FBP, iDose level 4 (iDose4), and ClariCT level 2 (ClariCT2), which showed most similar image quality to clinically used vendor-specific IR images (i.e., iDose4) in phantom study. Noise, CNR, and qualitative imaging scores were compared using one-way repeated measure analysis of variance. ResultsIn phantom study, ClariCT2 showed noise level similar to iDose4 (14.68–7.66 Hounsfield unit [HU] vs. 14.78–6.99 HU at CT dose index volume range of 0.8–3.8 mGy). Subjective low-contrast detectability and spatial resolution were similar between ClariCT2 and iDose4. In clinical study, ClariCT2 was equivalent to iDose4 for noise (14.26–17.33 vs. 16.01–18.90) and CNR (3.55–5.24 vs. 3.20–4.60) (p > 0.05). For qualitative imaging scores, the overall image quality ([reader 1, reader 2]; 2.74 vs. 2.07, 3.02 vs. 2.28) and noise (2.88 vs. 2.23, 2.93 vs. 2.33) of ClariCT2 were superior to those of FBP (p < 0.05), and not different from those of iDose4 (2.74 vs. 2.72, 3.02 vs. 2.98; 2.88 vs. 2.77, 2.93 vs. 2.86) (p > 0.05). ConclusionVendor-neutral IR technique shows image quality similar to that of clinically used vendor-specific hybrid IR technique for abdominopelvic CT in young patients.

Analyzing the Originality of Korean-Style Villain Characters in Korean Video Games : A Visual Perspective (Using Nexon as a Case Study)

Hyeon Woo Lim,Soo Jin Park 한국콘텐츠학회 2023 한국콘텐츠학회 ICCC 논문집 Vol.2023 No.12

Love Expression

Lim, Hyeon Woo 한국콘텐츠학회 2023 ICCC International Digital Design Invitation Exhib Vol.2023 No.12

Time-dependent analysis of incidence, risk factors and clinical significance of pneumothorax after percutaneous lung biopsy

Lim, Woo Hyeon,Park, Chang Min,Yoon, Soon Ho,Lim, Hyun-Ju,Hwang, Eui Jin,Lee, Jong Hyuk,Goo, Jin Mo SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL 2018 EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY Vol.28 No.3

<P>aEuro cent Tailored management can be possible with time-dependent information of PLB-related pneumothorax.</P>

Infinity

Lim, Hyeon Woo 한국콘텐츠학회 2023 ICCC International Digital Design Invitation Exhib Vol.2023 No.5