Ethanol Extract of Ganoderma lucidum Augments Cellular Anti-oxidant Defense through Activation of Nrf2/HO-1

Lee, Yoo-hwan,Kim, Jung-hee,Song, Choon-ho,Jang, Kyung-jeon,kim, Cheol-hong,Kang, Ji-Sook,Choi, Yung-hyun,Yoon, Hyun-Min KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2016 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.19 No.1

Objectives: The mushroom Ganoderma lucidum has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine for many years. Although several studies have focused on the anti-oxidative activity of this mushroom, the molecular mechanisms underlying its activity have not yet been clearly established. The present study investigated the cytoprotective effect of ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum (EGL) against oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide, $H_2O_2$) and elucidated the underlying mechanisms in a C2C12 myoblast cell line. Methods: Oxidative stress markers were determined by using the comet assay to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. Cell viability and Western blotting analyses were employed to evaluate the cellular response to EGL and $H_2O_2$ in C2C12 cells. Transfection with nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-specific small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) was conducted to understand the relationship between Nrf2 expression and $H_2O_2$-induced growth inhibition. Results: The results showed that EGL effectively inhibited $H_2O_2$-induced growth and the generation of ROS. EGL markedly suppressed $H_2O_2$-induced comet-like DNA formation and phosphorylation of histone H2AX at serine 139 ($p-{\gamma}H2AX$), a widely used marker of DNA damage, suggesting that EGL prevented $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage. Furthermore, the EGL treatment effectively induced the expression of Nrf2, as well as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), with parallel phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in the C2C12 myoblasts. However, zinc protoporphyrin IX, a HO-1 inhibitor, significantly abolished the protective effects of EGL against $H_2O_2$-induced accumulation of ROS and reduced cell growth. Notably, transient transfection with Nrf2-specific siRNA attenuated the cytoprotective effects and HO-1 induction by EGL, indicating that EGL induced the expression of HO-1 in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Conclusion: Collectively, these results demonstrate that EGL augments the cellular anti-oxidant defense capacity through activation of Nrf2/HO-1, thereby protecting C2C12 myoblasts from $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative cytotoxicity.

Vascular Protective Role of Samul-Tang in HUVECs: Involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 and NO

Choi, Eun Sik,Lee, Yun Jung,Seo, Chang Seob,Yoon, Jung Joo,Han, Byung Hyuk,Park, Min Cheol,Kang, Dae Gill,Lee, Ho Sub Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2016 No.-

<P>Samul-Tang (Si-Wu-Tang, SMT), composed of four medicinal herbs, is a well-known herbal formula treating hematological disorder or gynecologic disease. However, vascular protective effects of SMT and its molecular mechanisms on the vascular endothelium, known as the central spot of vascular inflammatory process, are not reported. The aim of this study was to investigate vascular protective effects of SMT water extract in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Water extract of SMT was prepared and identified by HPLC-PDA analysis. Expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-<I>κ</I>B) and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were determined by western blot. Nuclear localization of NF-<I>κ</I>B and Nrf2 was visualized by immunofluorescence and DNA binding activity of NF-<I>κ</I>B was measured. ROS production, HL-60 monocyte adhesion, and intracellular nitric oxide (NO) were also measured using a fluorescent indicator. SMT suppressed NF-<I>κ</I>B translocation and activation as well as expression of CAMs, monocyte adhesion, and ROS production induced by TNF-<I>α</I> in HUVECs. SMT treated HUVECs showed upregulation of HO-1 and NO which are responsible for vascular protective action. Our study suggests that SMT, a traditionally used herbal formula, protects the vascular endothelium from inflammation and might be used as a promising vascular protective drug.</P>

부산·울산·경남지역 직업병 감시체계

김정일,김병권,김정원,채창호,이철호,강동묵,김지홍,김진하,김영욱,이영하,이지호,김정호,윤형렬,유철인,정백근,장태원,김운규,윤동영,강진욱,김종은,안진홍,이동준,장준호,이광영,송혜란,최영희,이용환,조병만,최홍렬,고상백,김은아,이유진,홍영습,정갑열,김정만,김준연 大韓産業醫學會 2004 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.16 No.1

Objective: Occupational medicine specialists in the Busan, Ulsan and Kyung-Nam areas established an area-based occupational disease surveillance system and used this system to collected case information for the purpose of preventing occupational diseases Methods: l l hospital participated in this system. The authors selected five main diseases, which were hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS), work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WRMSD), occupational asthma, occupational skin disease and occupational and occupational lung cancer and established their case definitions. All cases were reported on the web, and real time analysis was conducted. Results: Between April 2001 and April 2003, 192 cases of HAVS, 118 cases of WRMSD, 33 cases of occupational asthma, 17 cases of occupational skin disease and 17 cases of occupational lung cancer (for a total of 377 cases of these five main diseases) were reported. most of the HAVS cases came from shipbuilding, and 172 of them (92.7%) were associated with grinding. Of the four main types of WRMSD, carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) was the most prevalent with 46 cases and shipbuilding was also the main industry involved (83.9%). The ergonomic risk factors involved mainly associated with the hand. In 19 (57.6%) and 4 (12.1%) cases of occupational asthma, the agents involved. The causative agents of occupational lung cancer included Cr, welding fume, PAH, Ni, etc. 10(58.8%) of the cases were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma and 5(29.4%) as adenoma. Conclusion: This result showed that an area-based occupational disease surveillance system might provide an effective method of evaluating the prevalence of such diseases, however the Busan, Ulsan and Kyung-Nam provinces are too large to be treated as individual areas. Therefore, the authors suggest that each province should establish its own surveillance system.

破損貨物補償狀의 效力과 關係當事者의 責任

강원진,김철호 釜山大學校 商科大學 1997 釜山商大論集 Vol.68 No.-

In respect to carriage of goods, a letter of indemnity is a written undertaking by a shipper to indemnity a carrier for any responsibility that the carrier may incur for having issued a clean bill of lading when, in actual fact, the goods received were not as stated on the bill of lading. Most letters of indemnity are entered into by a carrier as a favour to a shipper who has contracted with a third party to provide clean bills of lading. As such the letter of indemnity is nothing less than an agreement to defraud a third party. Very occasionally, the letters of indemnity are issued to settle a dispute between carriers and shippers, but such a settlement should be by some other means than a false bill of lading behind which is hidden a letter of indemnity, written for the sole benefit of the two parties to the dispute. So, we examined the problems arise from the use of the letter of indemnity ; ①The rights and obligations between parties to the letter of indemnity, ② The effect as against third parties and the rights that arise, ③ Problems which arise when there is damage to the cargo during carriage, ④ Problems which arise when the carrier is both the charterer and the shipowner taken together and only of those persons has issued the letter of indemnity, and ⑤ Problems which arise whether a consignee may obtain additional or special damages when a fraud has been perpetrated by the carrier and shipper who have been parties to a letter of indemnity.

표면근전도와 전자각도기를 이용한 자동차 부품 조립작업 위험요인 평가

강동묵,이철호,,신용철,김은아,우지훈,조병만,이수일 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Objectives: As automobile part manufacturing is characterized by high speed and high repetition, observation methods which are usually utilized for static posture are inappropriate to evaluate musculoskeleatal risk factors. This study quantified the risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders on the forearm and suggested exposure limits by estimating the risk factors using surface electromyography (EMG) and electrogoniometer. Methods: Ten percent of the total workers at 3 automobile part manufacturing factories were randomly selected, and 99 male workers were recruited as study subjects. The study was conducted during May 2003 to September 2004. The workers were equipped with electrogoniometers on the wrist and the elbow, surface EMGs on the skin of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and extensor carpi radialis (ECR) muscles, and the heart beat recorder during work as indicators of joint movement, local muscle tension and physical work load, respectively. Results: After controlling for age, body mass index and job stress, wrist flexion maximum angle, FDS relative activity (RA) and ECR RA were significantly associated with forearm musculoskeletal symptoms. The odds ratios of the forearm were 5.0(95% CI: 1.1-22.7), 14.0(95% CI: 1.5-128.8) and 7.3(95% CI: 1.1-49.4) for wrist flexion maximum angle more than 76˚, FDS RA more than 2.8%, and ECR RA more than 3.5%, respectively. Conclusions: Joint angle and focal muscle activity were associated with forearm musculoskeletal symptoms. To reduce forearm musculoskeletal symptoms among automobile part manufacturers, the wrist flexion angle, and FDS and ECR activity need to be reduced below the guidelines recommended in this study.

鹿脛骨이 卵巢摘出로 誘發된 흰쥐의 骨多孔症에 미치는 影響

姜智天,金頀哲,林康鉉,安德均 대한본초학회 1999 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.14 No.2

The purpose of this study is to examine what are the effects of the Deer Tibia on the postmenopausal osteoporosis. In order to observe the effects of the Deer Tibia on the osteoporosis induced from ovariectomy, administered the Deer Tibia in p.o to the ovariectomized Rats, and measured the variance of weight related to osteoporosis, the variance of osteocalcin, calcium, ALP, phosphorus, GOT and GPT in serum, the variance of creatinine, calcium to creatinine rate in urine and urinary volume, the variance of the organs in weight and the variance of the bones. The results of the experiment are as follows: 1. The level of serum ALP, S-GOT and S-GPT in Deer Tibia group was showed a significant decrease in comparison with control group. The level of serum osteocalcine, calcium, phosphorus in Deer Tibia group was showed no efficiency in comparison with control group. 2. The level of urinary volume in Deer Tibia group was showed a significant increase in comparison with control group, and calcium to creatnine ratio in Deer Tibia group showed a significant increase. 3. The weight of tibia ash and the length of femur in Deer Tibia group showed no significant change. The bone density in Deer Tibia group showed a significant increased in comparison with control group. 4. Body weight in Deer Tibia group was increased in comparison with control group, but showed no efficiency. The weight of heart, liver, spleen, kidney and uterus in Deer Tibia group showed no significant change in comparison with control group. According to the above results, effects of the Deer Tibia on the aged ovariectomized rat model showed a efficiency in elevation of bone density by increasing bone mass and in prevention of renal function failure by ovariectomy. So Deer Tibia can be used for prevention and curing of the postmenopausal osteoporosis, as for it's effects, continuous clinical study is needed.

Schisandrae semen essential oil attenuates oxidative stress-induced cell damage in C2C12 murine skeletal muscle cells through Nrf2-mediated upregulation of HO-1

KANG, JI SOOK,HAN, MIN HO,KIM, GI-YOUNG,KIM, CHEOL MIN,CHUNG, HAE YOUNG,HWANG, HYE JIN,KIM, BYUNG WOO,CHOI, YUNG HYUN Spandidos Publications 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE Vol.35 No.2

電子文書交換方式(EDI)의 法律的 問題

姜元辰,金喆浩 釜山 大學校 經營 經濟 硏究所 1996 經營 經濟 硏究 Vol.15 No.1

電子文書交換方式(EDI)을 이용하여 貿易去來를 하는 경우에는 經濟的으로나 業務의 能率面에서 그 유용성이 매우 크다고 할 수 있다. 그러나 EDI는 전통적인 종이서류에 의한 거래에 비하여 法律的 側面에서 여러 가지 문제점들을 야기시킬 가능성이 존재한다. 즉, 첫째 EDI의 이용에 따라 전자문서가 사용되어지는 경우에 電子文書의 認證問題, 둘째 전자문선의 法廷에서의 證據能力問題, 셋째 EDI에 의하여 계약이 체결되는 경우 계약성립과 관련된 문제, 넷째 EDI의 이용에 따른 전자문서상의 資料保護問題, 다섯째 EDI의 이용당사자간의 책임분담문제 등이 발생할 수 있다. 따라서 이러한 法律的인 問題點들이 해결된다면 EDI의 이용은 더욱 크게 확대될 것이다. 따라서 貿易業務自動化가 효율적으로 추진되기 위해서는 EDI의 前提條件으로 通信과 書類에 대한 法的 效力 및 證據能力의 認定과 標準化가 필요하며 또한 모든 貿易情報의 保安이 요구된다. 이러한 제반 문제에 관한 법적 ·제도적 장치로서 우리 나라에서는 貿易業務自動化促進에 관한 法律에 그 근거를 마련하고 있고 있으나, 국제적으로는 EDI에 대한 通一法規가 존재하지 않은 실정이다. 한편 UN은 國際전자문서교환방식標準으로서 유엔 행정ㆍ상업ㆍ운송에 관한 전자문서교환방식(UN/EDIFACT)를 제정하여 컴퓨터간에 교환되는 전자문서의 구성 및 그 내용에 관한 標準化 뿐만 아니라 EDI의 通信方法 등이 標準化 및 코드화 작업을 추진하고 있다. 따라서 향후 무역거래에 있어서 EDI를 성공적으로 실행하기 위해서는 UN/EDIFACT를 중심으로 국제적인 EDI표준이 통일화되어야 할 것이다.

힘과 운동에 관한 실업계 고등학생들의 개념 연구

강갑중,강호철 釜慶大學校 2002 釜慶大學校 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

In this study, 375 high school girls and boys (193 technical high school students and 182 human high school students) in Busan as the subject of this study were examined by questions papers to see students' Conception about Force and Motion in the technical high school. The results of this study are as follows. 1)The proportion of the correct answers of the technical high school students are lower than that of the human high school students. 2)The difference of the number of the correct answer of the technical high school students is slight, whereas that of the human high school students is wide. In general, students were inclined to believe that Force of Action and Reaction between two objects would work more strongly in proportion to mass and speed of objects and that objects moving actively rather than passively would be affected by more force. Also, students tended to believe that Gravitational Force acting on falling objects increases in proportion as objects were falling down fast and that Gravitational Force doesn't act in the airless place. In conclusion, to teach technical high school students' Conception of Force and Motion rightly, it is thought that teachers should instruct students seriously about students' misconceptions that are not corrected easily through the production of teaching materials for special use and the improvement of teaching methods.

유기용제노출이 직업적 청력손실에 미치는 영향

이지호,고영주,이헌,강정학,유철인,이충렬,김양호 大韓産業醫學會 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.4

목적 : 산업 장에서 노출되는 유기용제가 청력역치에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 5년 동안의 추적조사를 통하여 파악하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 유기용제와 소음에 동시에 노출된 근로자 43명과 소음노출수준, 연령, 근무경력을 짝짓기 한소음노출군을 대상으로 문진과 이경검사, 소음노출 수준, 유기용제노출수준을 조사하였다. 결과 : 1. 전체 근로자의 각 주파수별 청력역치 변화양상에서 500Hz∼2000Hz에서는 추적기간 동 소음동안 현저한 변화가 없었고, 4000Hz 및 8000Hz에서는 역치가 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 2.유기용제와 소음에 동시에 노출된군에서 소음 노출군에 비해 4000Hz 이상에서 청력역치가 높게 나타났으나, 통계적인 유의성은 없었다(p(0.05). 3.반복측정 분산분석 법으로 각 주파수별 평균청력 역치의 연차적 변화에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 유기용제 노출은 통계적으로 유의한 영향이 없었으나(p)0.05), 소음노출수준은 250Hz, 2000Hz 및 4000Hz에서, 연령은 250Hz와 500Hz에서 통계학적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다(p(0.05). 4.소음노출군파 동시노출군 각각에서의 청력역치 변화량을 paired t-test로 비교한 결과 250Hz∼4000Hz에서는 통계학적 유의성이 없었으며(p(0.1), 8000Hz에서만 경계치 (p=0.0884)의 유의성을 나타내었다. 5.요인들의 영향을 보정한 상태에서 관찰하기 위해 관찰기간동안의 청력역치변화량을 종속변수로 두고 일반선형모형을 이용하여 주파수별로 관찰한 결과 8000Hz에서만 모델에 통계학적 유의성이 있었으며 (p(0.05), 여기서 소음노출수준이 통계학적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고(p(0.05), 유기용제노출은 경 계수준이 었다(p=0.087). 결론 : 청력에 대한 유기용제의 영향이 소음과 연령에 비해 상대적으로 미미하여 명확한 결론에 이르지는 못하였으나, 다소 영향이 있는 것으로 생각되어 유기용제의 영향에 대한 추가연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 또한 보다 효과적인 근로자들의 청력관리를 위해서는 소음 외 산업 장에서 동시에 노출되는 여러 유해물질들을 고려하여야 할 것이다. Objectives : This study was to evaluate the impacts of simultaneous exposure to noise and mixed solvents on workers'hearing threshold level (HTL) over five-year period. Methods : The study was conducted by interview and annual audiometric test on workers in ship building industry from 1994 to 1998. The cases(workers who exposed to noise and mixed solvent simultaneously) were 43 male workers and controls (workers who exposed to nolle) were selected by matching method with regard to age, sex, carrier, and noise exposure level. To assess the impacts of solvent exposure on hearing threshold level, with considering other factors, general liner model was used. Results : 1. The audiogram of all subjects showed typical sensorineural hearing loss pattern. The mean HTLe were increased at high frequency (4000HB and 8000Hz) for study period. 2. The HTLs of cases were more increased than those of controls at high frequencies (4000Hz and 8000Hz), but there was not statlstical significance. 3. The impact of age on the HTL was statistically significant at 250Hz and 500Hz (p(0.05), and the impact of noise on the HTL was statistically significant at 250Hz, 2000Hz and 4000Hz (p(0.05), but the impact solvent exposure on the HTL was not significant. 4. The changes in HTLs of cases were higher than those of controls at high frequency, there were not statistical significance at 4000Hz, but only at 8000Hz (p=0.087). 5. Statistical analysis of the general linear model implicated that the changes in HTL was impacted by noise exposure bevel significantly (p=0.031) and Impacted by solvent exposure weakly (p=0.087) at 8000Hz. Conclusions : The results of this study suggest that workers who simultaneously exposed to noise and mixed solvent were at risk for more affected HTL than those exposed to noise exposure only, but we could not find definitive evidence. Further detailed studies must be made in large number of workers.