일 농촌지역의 우울 증상에 관한 역학연구 -위험요인 및 요인구조분석

하양숙,홍진표,김한규,이군희,한경자,조맹제,김용익,송미순,박성애,김창윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.2

연구목적 : 세계적으로 널리 사용되는 우울증 척도인 the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D)을 이용하여 지역사회 주민의 우울증상의 정도를 평가하고, 우울증상의 위험요인을 분석하고, 한국인에서 우울증상의 요인구조를 알기 위해 본 연구를 실시하였다. 방 법 : 경기도 일 농촌 지역의 30세 이상 주민에 대해 무작위 군집 집락 추출을 실시하였고, 훈련된 면담원들이 가정 방문을 통하여 면접 및 자기보고 검사인 CES-D를 실시하였다. 총 1,315명에서 응답을 하였고 응답율은 59.3%이었다. 결 과 : CES-D에 의한 우울증 점수는 0∼5점이 57%정도를 차지하였고, 평균 점수는 남자 7.8점 여자 9.5점으로 비교적 낮은 편이었다. ANCOVA 분석 결과 비결혼, 저학력, 여성이라는 위험요인은 독립적으로 우울증상을 악화시키는 요인이었으나 연령은 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. CES-D 결과를 요인분석을 시행한 결과 4가지 요인이 추출되었는데 우울증상 및 신체증상이 한 개의 요인으로, 다른 나라에서 보고되지 않는 정서적 고통이 별도의 요인으로 추출되었다. 결 론 : 국내 역학 조사에서도 외국과 유사한 우울점수 및 위험요인이 확인되었으나 우울증의 요인에서는 특이한 요인이 추출되었다. 한국인에 독특한 우울 반응에 관한 추가 연구가 필요하다. Objectives :The rates, correlates, and factor structure of depressive symptoms in a Korean rural sample were examined using Korean version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D). Methods : Door to door visiting survey was conducted by trained interviewers. A random cluster sample of 1,315 respondents, aged 30 and over completed the CES-D scale along with additional sociodemographic questionnaire. Results : In this sample, mean CES-D score of male and female were 7.8 and 9.5, respectively which were lower than those reported previously. Symptoms of depression were most common among the less educated, non-married and female according to ANCOVA. Age was not a significant risk factor for depressive symptoms. Different factor structures emerged from this sample as compared to other studies using this approach. Somatic symptoms and affective symptoms were combined as one factor and emotional hardship emerged as a separate factor. Conclusion : Symptoms scores and risk factors were similar to the results reported in other countries but unique factor structures were found in this study. Further research is needed about the Korean depressive symptomatology and related areas.

再生骨材 콘크리트의 特性에 미치는 잔골재 混合의 影響에 關한 實驗的 硏究

李正熙,宋河永,文鐘健,趙明元 大田産業大學校 1997 한밭대학교 논문집 Vol.14 No.1

It is becoming increasing1y difficult and expensive for construction contractors not only to dispose of building waste and demolition rubble but also to obtain natural aggregates of good quality for concrete product and building construction. As one of solutions for the above-mentioned problems, this study was planned to suggest a fundamental data and method for producing recycled aggregate concrete using crushed cement bricks as fine aggregates. In this study, one normal concrete with natural river sand as fine aggregate and crushed stone as coarse aggregate and three recycled aggregate concretes according to the mix proportion of recycled fine aggregate substitution ratio of 35%, 65%, 100% were made using tile water-cement ratio of 45% and 65%.

국내 대학병원에서 정주용 Ciprofloxacin 사용의 적정성 평가

김신우,박효정,오원섭,김연숙,장현하,정숙인,정두련,이혁,염준섭,기현균,손준성,백경란,우건조,송재훈 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.6

목적 : 국내 병원에서의 정주 ciprofloxacin 사용의 적정성을 평가하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2003년 9월 25일부터 8개의 대학병원에서 정주 ciprofloxacin을 받았던 290명의 연속적으로 모집한 성인환자를 대상으로 약제사용 평가(DUE)를 전향적으로 수행하였다. 이 연구에 사용된 DUE 기준은 미국병원약사회의 기준을 국내 실정에 맡게 수정하여 사용하였으며 1) 사용의 정당성에 관한 항목, 2) 사용 시 준수되거나 시행되어야 할 사항에 대한 항목, 3) 부작용에 대한 항목, 4) 치료 효과에 대한 항목으로 나누어 조사하였다. 결과 : 환자의 평균 나이는 54세였다. 33예(26.9%)에서만 약제 사용의 적정성 측면에서 기준을 만족하였고 91예(73.1%)에서는 사용이 적절하지 않았다. 정주 cipro-floxacin의 부적절한 사용의 흔한 원인은 수술 전후의 예방약 사용, 비뇨기계 처치 전의 예방적 사용, 열성 질환에 대한 경험적 사용 등의 순이었다. 사용 시 준수사항 의 측면에서는 사용 전 배양검사(73.8%)와 사용 중 배양검사(68.6%)가 낮은 수행 정도를 보였으나 그 외는 비교적 높은 적정성(82.4-100%)을 보여주었다. 정주 ciprofloxacin사용의 합병증은 드물었다. 치료 효과의 면에서 치료반응은 93.3%였다. 결론 : 약제 사용의 정당성 기준에 따른 정주 cipro-floxacin의 부적절한 사용은 연구에 포함된 대학병원에서 매우 흔하였다(73.1%). 그러므로 적절한 항생제 사용에 대한 교육과 제도적 장치가 매우 필요한 것으로 판단되었다. Background : To evaluate the appropriateness of intravenous (IV) ciprofloxacin usage in university hospitals in Korea. Materials and Methods : We prospectively evaluated the appropriateness of drug usage in 290 consecutive adult patients who received IV ciprofloxacin in eight teaching hospitals during the period from September 25, 2003 to November 15, 2003. Drug use evaluation (DUE) in this study was based on the modified standard by the American Society of Hospital Pharmacy with regard to the justification of drug use, critical and process indications, complications, and outcome measures. Results : Average age of the patients was 54 years. The use of IV ciprofloxacin was appropriate only in 33 cases (26.9%). Common reasons for inappropriate use of IV ciprofloxacin include perioperative uses or prophylactic injection before urologic procedures, and empirical therapy for febrile episodes. Most of the "critical indications" and "process indications" showed high rate of appropriateness (82.4-100%). However, the rate of taking culture and sensitivity test before (73.8%) and during ciprofloxacin use (68.6%) were low. Complications with ciprofloxacin use were rare. In 93.3% of cases, ciprofloxacin treatment was clinically effective. Conclusion : Use of intravenous ciprofloxacin is frequently inappropriate in tertiary care hospitals in Korea. Implementation of education program and antibiotic control system is critical in improving the appropriateness of antimicrobial use.

Organic Electroluminescent Devices Based on Polyurethane Derivatives Having Substituted Stilbene Pendants

Lee, Gyu Hyun,Jin, Youngeup,Lee, Sungeun,Lee, Jong Gun,Kim, Jin Young,Lee, Kwanghee,Jin, Sung-Ho,Ha, Chang-Sik,Won, Mi-Sook,Kang, Shin-Won,Suh, Hongsuk 부산대학교 유전공학연구소 2002 분자생물학 연구보 Vol.18 No.-

There have been extensive research efforts on organic electroluminescent devices (OELDs) with the aim of application for the flat panel display (FPD). OELDs have also attracted much interest because of their particular low driving voltage, convenient design of the device structures, possible control of emission band, and low fabrication cost compared with any other devices. OELDs can be classified as either molecular or polymer-based. Molecular-based devices consist of vacuum deposited fluorescent emitter layers whereas polymer-based devices consist of either spinor dip-coated layers. Most of the research in the field of polymer-chain conducting polymers such as poly(plenylene vinylene) (PPV), poly(p-phenylene) (PPP), their copolymers and soluble derivatives. Other groups have reported non-conjugated polymers with pendant chromophores for OELDs. The attachment of the fluorophore as the pendant group of a random-coil polymer presents several advantages: (1) the synthetic route would be simpler than that used for main-chain polymers; (2) the moderate solubility could be obtained by the nature of the backbone; (3) the emission wavelength would be easily controllable. We, recently, reported the PU polymer with the 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran (DCM) dye as the pendant. Even though it is known that the PU backbone have many quenching sites, the turn-on voltage of the PU-DCM device was ca. 5 V. Also, the change of the fluorophores in the side chain from para-cyanostilbene(PU-CN) to DCN (PU-DCM) caused the shift of PL emission wavelength. For the PL emission spectra of PU-CN and PU-DCM, the maximum peaks were at ca. 520 and 630 nm, respectively, corresponding to the maximum PL peaks. Therefore, EL, and PL properties can be changed using different lumophore pendant groups possibly caused by the electron withdrawing effect of the DCM prndant. In the present work, PU derivatives with stilbene pendant. In the present work, PU derivatives with stilbene pendant containing one or two fluoro group were introduced on the stilbene side chain. OELDs using polyurethane derivatives with stilbene pendants were fabricated to investigate the effect of the electron withdrawing substituents of the lumophore pendant on the EL and PL properties. Since PU derivatives possess different electron withdrawing substituents on the stilbence pendant, the shift of emission wave-length is expected.

Organic Electroluminescent Devices Based on Polyurethane Derivatives Having Substituted Stilbene Pendants

Lee, Gyu-Hyun,Jin, Young-eup,Lee, Sung-eun,Lee, Jong-Gun,Kim, Jin-Young,Lee, Kwang-hee,Jin, Sung-Ho,Ha, Chang-Sik,Won, Mi-Sook,Kang, Shin-Won,Suh, Hong-suk Korean Chemical Society 2002 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.23 No.3

Primary repair of symptomatic neonates with tetralogy of Fallot with or without pulmonary atresia

Lee, Chang-Ha,Kwak, Jae Gun,Lee, Cheul The Korean Pediatric Society 2014 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.57 No.1

Recently, surgical outcomes of repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) have improved. For patients with TOF older than 3 months, primary repair has been advocated regardless of symptoms. However, a surgical approach to symptomatic TOF in neonates or very young infants remains elusive. Traditionally, there have been two surgical options for these patients: primary repair versus an initial aortopulmonary shunt followed by repair. Early primary repair provides several advantages, including avoidance of shunt-related complications, early relief of hypoxia, promotion of normal lung development, avoidance of ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis, and psychological comfort to the family. Because of advances in cardiopulmonary bypass techniques and accumulated experience in neonatal cardiac surgery, primary repair in neonates with TOF has been performed with excellent early outcomes (early mortality<5%), which may be superior to the outcomes of aortopulmonary shunting. A remaining question regarding surgical options is whether shunts can preserve the pulmonary valve annulus for TOF neonates with pulmonary stenosis. Symptomatic neonates and older infants have different anatomies of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstructions, which in neonates are nearly always caused by a hypoplastic pulmonary valve annulus instead of infundibular obstruction. Therefore, a shunt is less likely to preserve the pulmonary valve annulus than is primary repair. Primary repair of TOF can be performed safely in most symptomatic neonates. Patients who have had primary repair should be closely followed up to evaluate the RVOT pathology and right ventricular function.

Design of Federation for DF Registry

Gun-Ha Lee,Dong-Uk Kim,Sung-Jun Na,Kee-Hyun Choi,Dong-Ryeol Shin 대한전자공학회 2007 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2007 No.7

The goal of this paper is to propose a way to federate DF registries so that makes users or autonomous agents to find target agents more conveniently and efficiently. We designed federation for DF registry supporting the cooperation. We introduce the proposed system for agent platform and describe how to use the proposed system for registering agent services and searching target agent services for communications.

Synthetic K⁺/Cl^–-Selective Symporter across a Phospholipid Membrane

Lee, Jung Ha,Lee, Ji Hyun,Choi, Ye Rin,Kang, Philjae,Choi, Moon-Gun,Jeong, Kyu-Sung American Chemical Society 2014 Journal of organic chemistry Vol.79 No.14

<P>Synthetic molecules which selectively transport sodium or potassium chloride across a lipid membrane have been prepared. The salt carriers consist of two heteroditopic binding sites, an anion-binding cavity with three hydrogen bond donors and an azacrown ether for binding an alkali metal cation. The association constants between the carriers and chloride ion have been enhanced by 1 order of the magnitude in the presence of sodium or potassium ion in 10% (v/v) CD<SUB>3</SUB>OH/CD<SUB>3</SUB>CN, due to the formation of a contact ion-pair between the bound cation and chloride as demonstrated by the single-crystal X-ray structure of a sodium chloride complex. A series of transport experiments have demonstrated that the synthetic molecule functions as a mobile carrier of transporting salts via M<SUP>+</SUP>/Cl<SUP>–</SUP> symport. Among alkali metal chlorides, the carrier with an 18-azacrown-6 exhibits a strong selectivity toward potassium chloride, while the carrier with a 15-azacrown-5 displays a moderate selectivity for sodium chloride.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/joceah/2014/joceah.2014.79.issue-14/jo501145z/production/images/medium/jo-2014-01145z_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jo501145z'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

A potent antibacterial activity of new short <small>D</small>-enantiomeric lipopeptide against multi drug resistant bacteria

Lee, Jaeho,Kim, Shanghyeon,Sim, Ji-Yeong,Lee, Daeun,Kim, Ha Hyung,Hwang, Jae Sam,Lee, Dong Gun,Park, Zee-Yong,Kim, Jae Il Elsevier 2019 Biochimica et biophysica acta, Biomembranes Vol.1861 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The emergence of drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria threatens human health. Resistance to existing antibiotics is increasing, while the emergence of new antibiotics is slowing. Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) are fascinating alternative antibiotics because they possess a broad spectrum of activity, being active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including those resistant to traditional antibiotics. However, low bioavailability resulting from enzymatic degradation and attenuation by divalent cations like Mg<SUP>2+</SUP> and Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> limits their use as antibiotic agents. Here, we report the design of new CAMPs showing both high antibacterial activity and serum stability under physiological ion concentrations. The peptides were designed by applying two approaches, the use of <SMALL>D</SMALL>-enantiomer and lipidation. Based on the sequence of the CopW (LLWIALRKK-NH<SUB>2</SUB>), a nonapeptide derived from coprisin, a series of novel <SMALL>D</SMALL>-form CopW lipopeptides with different acyl chain lengths (C6, C8, C10, C12, C14, and C16) were synthesized and evaluated with respect to their activity and salt sensitivity. Among the analogs, the <SMALL>D</SMALL>-form lipopeptide dCopW3 exhibited MIC values ranging from 1.25 to 5 μM against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Significantly, this compound did not induce bacterial resistance and was highly stable in human serum proteases. The results emphasize the potential of cationic <SMALL>D</SMALL>-form lipopeptide as therapeutically valuable antibiotics for treating drug-resistant bacterial infections.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> CopW analogs were designed by introduction of <SMALL>D</SMALL>-amino acid and fatty acid to improve salt sensitivity and serum stability </LI> <LI> In physiological salt condition, dCopW3 most efficiently inhibited MDR-pathogen growth with a low hemolytic activity </LI> <LI> dCopW3 rapidly killed bacteria <I>via</I> bacterial membrane disruption </LI> <LI> dCopW3 reduced the possibility of the potential emergence of bacterial resistance </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Design of Web-Based Directory Facilitator Supporting the Service Visibility

Gun-Ha Lee,Seung-Pil Heo,Dong-Uk Kim,Kee-Hyun Choi,Dong-Ryeol Shin 대한전자공학회 2007 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2007 No.7

The goal of this paper is to propose a way to register agents so that makes users or autonomous agents to find target agents more conveniently and efficiently. In order to achieve this goal, we have survey the key technologies such as agent platform, FIPA DF, JADE, repository systems. As the results, first we designed Webbased agent services registration/repository system. Next, we introduce the proposed system for agent platform and describe how to use the proposed system for registering agent services and searching target agent services for communications. Finally, we give an example to illistrate a typical scenario and describe the advantages of proposed system.