한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

우리나라의 組稅體系에 관한 考察

朴東局,朴日圭 東亞大學校 大學院 1986 大學院論文集 Vol.11 No.-

During the last two decades, the fiscal policy has contributed to the economic growth of the export-oriented economy. financial aid to and export subsidies to the export-industries raised the tax burden ratio to GNP, the rigidity in the expenditure structure. It also the equity of tax-burden distribution. Given the rising revenus needs, especially in response to the potential need for social welfare finance, the optimal ratio of tax-burden to GNP, and its equitable allocation should carefully deteermined. We suggest the following criteria on the optimal tax-burden and the efficiency of resource allocation. (1) Inefficiency in the tax-system, distortions of resources allocation should be reduced in the process of raising the ratio of tax-burden due to the rising revenus needs. (2) The complementary efforts should be made in the tax-structure. :the proportion of direct tax should be raised and the regressiveness of indirect tax should be reduced by increasing income tax and proper tax. (3) In order to increase the revenus and the equity of tax-burden distribution, the scope of non tax and tax-reduction should be curtailed.

우리나라 公債管理의 效率的 運用 方案에 관한 硏究

朴東局 東亞大學校 1982 東亞論叢 Vol.19 No.1

This treatise is a study of an effecitve operation of a public bond in Korea. 1. Diversifing of kinds and methods of a public bond. 2. Establishing a principle of public subscription in the market. 3. The government must put emphasis on issing bonds that be possible sink. 4. The government has to issue a tax reduction bond. Efficiently, to operate preceding analysis, the government has to raise an increasing rate of flotation of bond and stabilize prices to keep up, in low level, an interest rate of a public bond.

저혈량성 쇼크를 동반한 자발성 복직근초 혈종

박상현,오동렬,김형국,김세경,박승현 대한응급의학회 2000 대한응급의학회지 Vol.11 No.4

Background: Intermediate myasthenia syndrome(IMS) is thought to have clinical importance because it may cause sudden respiratory failure during the recovery phase of a cholinergic crisis of organophosphate poisoning. We designed this study to identify the prevalence, the inducing agent, clinical predictor, and the proposed treatment of IMS. Methods: Patients who had admitted with the diagnosis of acute organophosphate poisoning from 1992 to 1998 at two teaching hospitals were enrolled in this study. We selected the cases of IMS based on a review of medical records using modified He' s criteria. Results: Twelve(12) out of 110 patients with acute organophosphate poisoning were diagnosed for a prevalence at 10.9%. The drug inducing IMS were identified as dichlorvos, fenthion, EPN, methidathion, and phosphamidon. The occurrence of IMS was not related to either the initial treatment with atropine and pralidoxime, or the level of serum cholinesterase. Complications were pneumonia, sepsis, pancreatitis, and pseudomembranous colitis, etc. Eleven(11) patients were discharged without sequelae, and one patient was discharged as a hopeless case. Conclusion: This study suggests that IMS is not rare, so close observation is required to detect IMS in organophosphate-poisoning patients. Also, more studies are required to find predictors and treatments.

Taxol 합성에 관한 연구 I :O-(tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl)-cis-5-methyl-4-hepten-6-yn-1-ol의 합성

박두천,주우홍,김형국,신동수 國立昌原大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學硏究所論文集 Vol.6 No.-

O-(tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl)-cis-5-methyl-4-hepten-6-yn-1-ol, an intermediate in the synthesis of taxol, was efficiently synthesized from 3-methyl-2-penten-4-yn-1-ol by sequential alcohol/bromide interchange [NBS, PPh₃, CH₂Cl₂-30.℃, 82%], displacement with the lithium salt of tert-butylacetate [LDA, THF, -78 to 23℃, 84%], LAH reduction, and silylation [tBuPhSiCl, imidazole, CH₂Cl₂, 45℃, 88%]

비선형 광학 특성을 갖는 고분자 합성과 물성에 관한 연구

박정순,하재국,박동규 慶星大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.19 No.2

The wavelength spectrum of the X ray produced in 0.1cm gold slab by the 10 MeV electron beam has been investigated with the EGS4 Monte Carlo package. The general feature of the spectrum agrees with the expectation based on QED calculation. The peak at 2.5pm in the pectrum is suggested to be due to an internal transition of the gold atom. An experimental test is required to confirm these arguments.

아크 용접작업에서의 방진마스크 포집효율에 관한 조사

박동기,안규동,이병국 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 1997 순천향산업의학 Vol.3 No.1

The results of survey on filtering efficiency of tight fitting respirators and disposable dust respirators which are mostly used at arc-welding works are as follows; 1. The mean efficiency of two tight fitting respirators(made by "M" and "MA") marked with "Dust-mist" for 10, 30 and 60 minutes is 60.6% and that of three disposable dust respirators(one piece of "M" maker's and two pieces of "W" maker's) with same mark is 65.7% much less than 97.1% of "M" maker's one disposable dust respirator marked with "Dust-mist-fume". 2. The mean efficiency of four tight fitting respirators for 10 minutes is 40.8-88.35% and thant of eight disposable dust respirators mean 52.7-97.2%. 3. The efficiency of both types marked with "Dust-mist" for 10 minutes is lower than that for 60 minutes but higher than that for 30 minutes whereas that of respirator made with "Dust-mist-fume" is almost constant. One the other hand, the efficiency of disposable dust respirators marked with "Dust-mist" is 5.1% higher than that of tight fitting respirators with same mark. 4. They are investigated after years that it is the efficiency of dispoasble dust respirators marked with "Dust-Mist" 5.1% higher than of tight fitting respirators with same mark and that the efficiency of both types marked with "Dust-Mist" for 10 minutes is lower than that for 60 minutes but higher than thant for 30 minutes, respectively. According to the results, it should be recommended that are welding workers must wear the respirator for fume. Furthermore the testing methods for mineral dust (SiO_(2) : Concentration, Particle size, etc.) should not be applied to all types of dust masks, but testing standards in accordance with the size of fume and mist should be established, which the developed countries have.

신생아 지속성 폐동맥 고혈압증의 임상적 경험

박국인,남궁란,이철,한동관 大韓周産醫學會 1990 Perinatology Vol.1 No.2

복합 산화법과 MEMS 기술을 이용한 RF용 두꺼운 산화막 에어 브리지 및 공면 전송선의 제조

김국진,박정용,이동인,이봉희,배영호,이종현,박세일 한국센서학회 2002 센서학회지 Vol.11 No.3

본 논문에서는 양극반응과 복합 산화법( H_2O/O_2 분위기에서 500℃, 1시간 열산화와 1050℃, 2분간 RTO(Rapid Thermal Oxidation) 공정)을 이용한 두꺼운 OPSL(Oxidized Porous Silicon Layer)을 형성하여 이를 마이크로머시닝 기술을 이용함으로써 10 ㎛두께의 OPS(Oxidized Porous Silicon) 에어 브리지를 제조하고, 그 위에 전송선로를 형성하여 그 RF 특성을 조사하였다. OPS 에어 브리지 위에 형성된 CPW(Coplanar Waveguide)의 손실이 OPSL 위에 형성된 전송선의 삽입손실보다 약 2 dB 정도 적은 것을 보여주었으며, 반사손실은 OPSL 위에 형성된 전송선의 반사손실보다 적으며 약 -20 dB를 넘지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서 개발한 산화된 다공질실리콘 멤브레인 및 에어 브리지 구조는 CMOS 공정 후에 사용 가능하며, 초고주파 회로 설계시 편리성과 유용성을 제시하고 있다. This paper proposes a 10 ㎛ thick oxide air-bridge structure which can be used as a substrate for RF circuits. The structure was fabricated by anodic reaction, complex oxidation and micromachining technology using TMAH etching. High quality films were obtained by combining low temperature thermal oxidation (500 ℃,1 hr at H_2O/O_2) and rapid thermal oxidation (RTO) process (1050 ℃, 2min). This structure is mechanically stable because of thick oxide layer up to 10 ㎛ and is expected to solve the problem of high dielectric loss of silicon substrate in RF region. The properties of the transmission line formed on the oxidized porous silicon (OPS) air-bridge were investigated and compared with those of the transmission line formed on the OPS layers. The insertion loss of coplanar waveguide (CPW) on OPS air-bridge was (about 2 dB) lower than that of CPW on OPS layers. Also, the return loss of CPW on OPS air-bridge was less than about - 20 dB at measured frequency region for 2.2 mm. Therefore, this technology is very promising for extending the use of CMOS circuitry to higher RF frequencies.

응급센터에서 기관내 삽관을 시행하지 않은 호흡곤란 환자의 동맥혈 이산화탄소분압과 호기말 이산화탄소분압의 연관성분석

김형국,박승현,오동렬,박규남,이원재,황두영,최승필,이운정,정시경,김세경 大韓應急醫學會 1998 대한응급의학회지 Vol.9 No.4

Background: The end-tidal carbon dioxide tension(ETCO₂) is defined as a partial pressure of carbon dioxide at the end of an exhaled breath. The purpose of this study is to determine the correlation between ETCO₂and arterial carbon dioxide tension(PaO₂) in nonintubated patients with respiratory distress in emergency department(ED). Methods: A prospective non-blind study was performed in ED of our university hospitals. Participants included all nonintubated adult patients with respiratory distress requiring arterial blood gas analysis. ETCO₂was measured with a capnography monitor during tidal volume breathing. ETCO₂were recoreded at the time of arterial blood gas sampling. The correlation between ETCO₂and PaCO₂was analyzed in all patients and in subgroups by simple linear regression. Results: Sixty patients were enrolled. In all patients, ETCO₂was 5.72mmHg lower than PaCO₂and correlated well with PaCO₂(r²=0.716). ETCO₂correlated best with PaCO₂in patients who were either acidotic or non-smoking. Conclusion: ETCO₂correlate well with PaCO₂in nonintubated patients with respiratory distress in ED. ETCO₂may be sufficient to reflect PaCO₂in selected patients and obviate the need for repeat arterial blood gas determination.