T 세포활성항원 CTLA-4의 기능에 관한 연구 : T 세포에서 표적세포 살해능과 CTLA-4 발현과의 연관성 Target Cytotoxicity of T Cell Correlates with CTLA-4 Production

노만택,조양자,김용식,최용,조보현,최장원,정용훈 大韓免疫學會 1996 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.18 No.4

CTLA-4, a T cell activation antigen and a homologue of CD28, was originally identified as a gene by a series of reverse genetic approaches. While CD28 molecule has been characterized well as a stimulator of T-cell function via enhanced lymphokines production and stablilization of those mRNA, most of the functions of CTLA-4 remain unknown. It has been widely accepted that CTLA-4 functions as an immune suppressor which is down-regualting the function of CD28. We previously showed that 34 KD form of this antigen mainly expressed CD8+ subset, a cytotoxic or suppressor, of activated peripheral blood lymphocyte. Based on our previous finding this study was conducted to further characterize immunological function of CTLA-4 especially in terms of involvement of this molecule in T-cell effector function mediating target cell cytotoxicity. 4 human T cell clones with different target cytotoxicities were employed in this study. NBL46 (CD4+) and NBL77 (CD8+) were cytotoxic and NBL32 (CD4+) and NBL58 (CD 8+) were non-cytotoxic to target LBF cell in target cell chromium release assay. And in Western blot assay 34 kD antigen was detected in NBL46 (CD4+) and NBL77 (CD8+) clones but not in NBL32 (CD4+) and NBL58 (CD8+) clones. It was summarized that expression of the CTLA-4 antigen was associated with cytotoxicity but not with subset phenotypes of T cells. In conclusion CD8+ T subset of PHA-stimulated PBL was major and only CTLA-4 producer and this molecule was induced during mid to late stage of T cell activation. The cytotoxicity of T cell clones to its target cell was directly correlated with its CTLA-4 production and vice versa. And it was highly suggested that primary function of CTLA-4 may involved in T cell effector function which mediates target cell killing.

위암환자의 복강내에 투여한 Mitomycin C-Carbon Particle의 Mitomycin 용출에 관한 연구

노승무,조영훈,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,강대영,송규상,조준식,최선웅,이진호,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,인현빈,정현용,김학용 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

Locoregional recurrence is the most common type of recurrence in surgical operation of gastric adenocarcinoma, and peritoneal dissemination is one of the most difficult problems in advanced gastric adenocarcinoma treatment. Because the peritoneal cavity is the most common site of the first recurrence after gastric cancer resection, intraperitoneal chemotherpy seems a logical choice for cancer chemotherapy. The Mitomycin C(MMC) adsorbed by the activated charcoal particles(CH) is relatively released when the drug concentration surrounding the carbon particles becomes low in the peritoneum of the peritoneal cavity. For the intraperitoneal chemotherapy on the advanced gastric adenocarcnoma, mitomycin C adsorbed on activated carbon particles was administered in the peritoneal cavity just before abdominal wall closure. The closed drainage tubes were inserted in the peritoneal cavity and clamped for tuo hours after completion of operation. MMC concentrations were serially measured in peritoneal fluid, plasma and urine at 2hour, 48 hour, 72 hour and 168 hour following its administration in order to study the efficacy of the MMC-CH as a drug delivery system. There were minimal toxicities in born marrow, liver, and gastrointestinal system after intraperitoneal MMC-CH administration. The data of this study suggested that MMC-CH may have a somewhat more beneficial effect than surgery alone when administered in optimal dose and schedules, but the MMC concentration of the peritoneal fluid was not sufficient to eradicate remnant cancer cells, and effective duration of maintenance was only below 24 hours in the peritoneal fluid and plasma.

그란닥신 정(토피소팜 50 mg)에 대한 토핌 정의 생물학적 동등성

조혜영,정현철,허수희,임동구,문재동,이용복 전남대학교 약품개발연구소 2001 약품개발연구지 Vol.10 No.-

Tofisopam is a new type of tranquilizer valuable for the relief of anxiety and tension in a wide range of emotional disorders. Tofisopam has the therapeutic characteristics of a minor tranquilzer and a mild stimulatory effect. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two tofisopam tablets, Grandaxin^TM (Hwan In Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and Tofim^TM (Kyung Dong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Eighteen normal male volunteers, 23.11±2.83 years in age and 65.43±7.64㎏ in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2 x 2 cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 50㎎ of tofisopam was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of tofisopam in serum were determined using HPLC method with UV detector. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC_t, C_max and T_max were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters. The results showed that the differences in AUC_t, C_max and T_max between two tablets based on the Grandaxin^TM were -5.59%, 2.22% and -13.18%, respectively. Minimum detectable differences (Δ) at α=0.10 and 1-β=0.8 were less than 20% (e.g., 14.95% and 19.34% for AUC_t and C_max, respectively). The powers (1-β) at α=0.10, Δ=0.2 for AUC_t and C_max were 95.21% and 81.93%, respectively. The 90% confidence intervals were within ±20% (e.g., -15.64∼4.45 and -10.77∼-15.21 for AUC_t, and C_max, respectively). Two parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Tofim^TM tablet is bioequivalent to Grandaxin^TM tablet.

[논문]사장교의 케이블 장력 결정

조현준,박용명 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 2005 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.64 No.-

본 연구에서는 사장교의 적절한 초기평형상태 결정을 위하여 최소자승법을 이용한 케이블 장력 결정 방법을 제시하였다. 본 방법은 거더의 케이블 지지점을 지점으로 한 연속보로부터의 처짐 및 모멘트 둥을 목표치로 하고 케이블을 포함한 사장교 전체계 해석으로부터 구해진 응답과의 차이를 오차로 정의하여 거더 및 주탑의 오차를 최소화하는 방법이다. 특히,주탑 모멘트, 거더 모멘트,그리고 처짐의 보정 정도를 가중행렬을 도입하여 선택적으로 조절할 수 있으며, 여러 가지 사장교 형식에 대한 수치예제 및 기존 연구와의 비교를 통하여 본 방법의 효율성 및 타당성을 검증하였다.

기본 항암 화학요법에 불응 하는 전이성 이행상피 세포암 환자에서 시행한 증량 M-VAC 항암 화학 요법 2례

조용현,권병산,이지열,김세웅,이충범,윤문수 대한화학요법학회 1997 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.15 No.3

1. 목적 전이성 방광 이행 상피 세포암의 경우에 시행될 수 있는 몇가지 전신적 항암 요법 중 M-VAC 병용 투여가 가장 인정받고 있는 항암 요법이긴 하나 일시적 반응 후 재발시 즉 M-VAC 병용투여에 불응하는 경우 증상 완화 요법(palliative therapy) 이외에 다른 치료 방법이 없었다. 저자들은 M-VAC 병용 요법에 불응하는 전이성 방광 이행상피 세포암 환자 2례에서 기존 M-VAC 항암 화학 요법보다 항암제 투여량을 증량한 M-VAC 항암 요법을 시행하였다. 2. 방법 기존 M-VAC 항암 화학요법용량(Methotrexate 30㎎/㎡, Vinblastine 3㎎/㎡, Adriamysin 30㎎/㎡, Cisplatin 70㎎/㎡)보다 항암제 용량을 증량하고(Methotrexate 30㎎/㎡, Vinblastine 4㎎/㎡, Adriamycin 60㎎/㎡, Cisplatin 100㎎/㎡) 이로 인한 골수 저하증을 예방하기 위하여 GM-CSF를 동시에 투여하였다. 3. 결과 증례 1 환자는 중량 항암 화학 요법 1개월 후 추적검사에서 전이된 임파절이 모두 소실된 완전 관해를 보였으며 증례 2 환자는 증량 항암 요법 후 14일째 폐혈증으로 사망하였다. 4. 결론 증량 M-VAC 항암 화학 요법은 아직 시행 기간 및 증례가 많지 않아 완전 관해 기간 및 적절한 항암요법 시행 횟수의 미확립, 항암제 치료 도중의 치사율의 감소등이 문제점으로 지적되고 있으나 기존 M-VAC 항암 요법에 불응하는 전이성 방광이행 상피 세포암 환자에서 우선 고려될 수 있는 치료법으로 사료된다. Background : M-VAC(methotrexate, vinblastine. doxorclbicin, cisplatin) chemotherapy is the most common and effective treatment modality for advanced transitional bladder tumor. However, there is no effective therapy in case of the patients nith bladder tumor refractory to M-VAC chemotherapy. Methods : Two male patients mith metastatic transitional bladder tumors refractory to conventional chemotherapy with methbtrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicim, and cispiatin (M-VAC) were treated with escalate3 dose of M-VAC plus recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF). Formula of escalated M-VAC chemotherapy were 30mg/m^(2) of inethotrexate, 4mg/m^(2) of vinblastine. 60rmg/m^(2) of doxorubicm, and 10Omg/m^(2) of cisplatin, and 250mg/m^(2) rhGM-CSF per day administered subcutaneously (SC) for 10 consecutive days. Result : One of the treated patients mas responded with complete remission and the other one m-as dead by sepsis on post-escalated M-VAC chenctherapy 14 days. Coclusion : We believe escalated M-VAC chemotherapy may be one of the effective alternative treatment for patients with metastatic urothelial tumor refractory to conventional M-VAC chemotherapy.

학습 파라미터의 적응조정에 의한 후향전파 알고리즘의 수렴속도 개선

趙鏞鉉 영남이공대학 1994 論文集 Vol.23 No.-

This paper proposes a method for improving the convergence speed of the backpropagation algorithm by adaptive adjusting the learning rate and the monentum. The speed-up of convergence is achieved by adjusting the training parameters of the output and the hidden layers adaptively to the standard deviation of the neuron output of each layer. The proposed method is applied to the parity check and pattern classification problem. The simulation results show that the convergence speed 'of the proposed method is higher than that of the backpropagation algorithm with fixed learning parameters and the Pedon's method.

레보프라이드 정(레보설피리드 25㎎)에 대한 레보피드 정의 생물학적 동등성

조혜영,강현아,문재동,이용복 한국약제학회 2002 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.32 No.2

Levosulpiride is the levo-enantiomer form of racemic sulpiride, a benzamide derivative selectively inhibiting dopaminergic D_2 receptors at the trigger zone both in the central nervous system and in the gastrointestinal tract. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two levosulpiride tablets, Levopride (SK Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and Levopid (Dae Won Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The levosulpiride release from the two levosulpiride tablets in vitro was tested using KP VII Apparatus Ⅱ method with various different kinds of dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solution and water). Twenty eight normal male volunteers, 23.82±3.26 years in age and 69.13±8.58 kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2×2 cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 25 mg of levosulpiride was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of levosulpiride in serum were determined using HPLC method with fluorescence detector. The dissolution profiles of two levosulpiride tablets were very similar at all dissolution media. Besides, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC_t, C_max and T_max were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed AUC_t and C_max and untransformed T_max. The results showed that the differences in AUC_t, C_max and T_max between two tablets based on the Levopride were -1.17%, 1.20% and -1.09%, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two tablets in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.25) (e.g., log(0.93)∼log(1.07) and log(0.90)∼log(1.14) for AUC_t and C_max, respectively). The 90% confidence interval using untransformed data was within ±20% (e.g., -19.47∼16.20 for T_max). All parameters met the criteria of KFDA guideline for bioequivalence, indicating that Levopid tablet is bioequivalent to Levopride tablet.

무코스타 정(레바미피드 100 mg) 에 대한 레바미드 정의 생물학적 동등성

조혜영,정현철,오인준,문재동,이용복 전남대학교 약품개발연구소 2001 약품개발연구지 Vol.10 No.-

Rebamipide is a novel anti-gastric ulcer agent that has been reported to increase the synthesis of mucus. to increase the mucosal concentration of prostaglandin, and to promote rapid ulcer healing. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two rebamipide tablets, Mucosta^TM (Otsuka Korea Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and Rebamide^TM (Kyung Dong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The rebamipide release from the two rebamipide tablets in vitro was tested using KP Ⅶ Apparatus Ⅱ method at pH 6.8 dissolution media. Twenty normal male volunteers, 24.20±2.26 years in age and 66.19±9.41㎏ in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2×2 cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 100㎎ of rebamipide was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of rebamipide in serum were determined using HPLC method with fluorescence detector. The dissolution profiles of two rebamipide tablets were very similar at pH 6.8 dissolution media. Besides, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC_t, C_max and T_max were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters. The results showed that the differences in AUC_t, C_max and T_max between two tablets based on the Mucosta^TM were -2.57%, 5.77% and - 1.47%, respectively. Minimum detectable differences (Δ) at α=0.05 and 1-β=0.8 were less than 20% (e.g., 12.62% and 17.63% for AUC_t and C_max, respectively). The powers (1-β) at α=0.05, Δ=0.2 for AUC_t and C_max. were above 99.00% and 88.56%, respectively. The 90% confidence intervals were within ±20% (e.g., -9.96~4.82 and -4.54~16.09 for AUC_t and C_max respectively). Two parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Rebamide^TM tablet is bioequivalent to Mucosta^TM tablet.

기종성 신우신염의 임상양상 및 사망위험인자

조수연,이호재,조용현,이승주 대한감염학회 2009 감염과 화학요법 Vol.41 No.1

Background : Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is an acute gas forming necrotizing infection of the renal parenchyma with high mortality. Although its incidence is relatively low, it mostly occurs in patients wiith diabetes mellitus. The aim of the study is to identify the risk factors related to mortality and assess the outcome of managements according to the radiologic classification. Materials and Methods : The clinical records of 23 patients diagnosed with EPN were reviewed retrospectively. The cases were grouped into two types on the basis of computed tomography scan. Type 1 EPN was defined as renal necrosis and gas formation with total absence of fluid content. Type 2 EPN was defined as the presence of renal or perirenal fluid in association with bubbly or loculated gas pattern. The patients' symptoms, performed investigations, and treatments were analyzed. Results : All patients had diabetes mellitus. Escherichia coli (78.6%) was the most common pathoqen in urine and blood cultures. The factors showing statistically significant differences between survivors and non-survivors were age (P=0.013), the presence of obstructive uropathy (P= 0.008), and type 1 group (P=0.030). Multivariate logistic regression showed that factor significantly related to death was age (odds ratio=1.20, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.38, P=0.037). Conservative treatment including antibiotics and percutaneous drainage was successful in type 2 group, Overall mortality was 26.1%; all expired patients were from type 1 group. The mortality of conservative treatment and nephrectomy in type 1 group was 83.3% and 20.0%, respectively. Conclusion : These results suggest that old age is a significant risk factor for mortality in patients with EPN. Nephrectomy should be considered as the main treatment option in patients with type 1 EPN.

새로운 경신규칙의 신경망을 이용한 디지털회로의 효율적인 시험패턴 생성

조용현 대구효성가톨릭대학교 응용과학연구소 1999 응용과학연구논문집 Vol.7 No.-

This paper presents an efficient test pattern generation for digital circuits by using neural networks which make use of a new update rule. a new update rule is based on the golbal optimization using both the steepest descent and the dynamic tunneling. The steepest descent is applied for high-speed update and the dynamic tunneling is also applied for global update. The neural network of the proposed update rule has been applied for test pattern generations to the parity generator to evaluate the performance. The simulation results show that the performance of proposed update rule is superior to that of the Hopfield model using the conventional update rule.