Practical-Theological Diagnosis and Prospect for the Korean Church

Cheong,In Gyo 한국설교학회 2010 설교한국 Vol.2 No.-

VRE 감염증의 임상상, 미생물학적 특성 분석 및 유전적 관련성 비교 : 전국 6개 병원에서 분리된 VRE를 중심으로

정희진,박정원,엄중식,하경임,신종희,김정미,이혜수,박영희,김우주,박승철 대한감염학회 2002 감염 Vol.34 No.5

Translation Error Analysis and Translation Criticism in Korea

CHEONG,Ho-Jeong 한국통역번역학회 2008 FORUM Vol.5 No.1

都市人의 生活意識에 關한 硏究 : 大都市와 中都市를 中心으로

趙貞嬉 西原大學校 1974 西原大學 論文集 Vol.3 No.-

The various types of home life and organization should be based on the "life consciousness", in which the compllicated essential problems. an individual, home life, techniques of living, and the convinced judgement of discriminating fact from other - got entangled together. Modern women, differently from the ancient, should not so much feel inclined to cultivate the technical field of domestic life as try to study something about development and improvement of living, both material and spiritual. From now on, wives should not be fixed only at home. They as an essential member fo a family, a community and a world, should apply themselves to natural, social and cultural circumstances. The subject of this study is sampled from four hundred parents at four elementary school in Seoul and Cheong-ju city. The reason of sampling two cities, obiously contrasted between two cities, is aimed to study and compare the different view of "living consciousness" between two cities: Cheong-ju is still conservative, and underdeveloped country, far from being contacted with big city; Seoul is a swiftly developed city in the view of "living consciousness". The study didn't cover the whole field of academic investigation of home life -"living consciousness". I could find out sevral points of problem necessary more or less for reference of women's education. Several points of problem discussed here as follow. 1. The various manners at home lite should be simplified. 2. A certain level of the scientific, living manners can be maintained at every home, if the economic problems can be rendered availlable. 3. There is a bright margin that the problem of family planning can be solved brightly by men's cooperation based on the constructive thinking. 5. The majority of women want to have the system of a "nucleus family", intentionally or uninteutionally. 6. The ceremony of marriage & funeral service ahould positively be simplified. 7. It is emphasised that we should cooperate to develop a community. The definite "living consciousness" listed here should be firmly established in the mind of wives living in a large or small cities to perform successfully the works of modernizing our country. In this study, I pointed out there are many a field to be improved on the view of domestic research.

<최척전>에 나타난 이합(離合)의 다중구조 양상과 그 의미

김청아 ( Cheong Ah Kim ) 충남대학교 인문과학연구소 2012 인문학연구 Vol.39 No.1

<최척전(崔陟傳)>은 명종 말년에 태어나 선조·광해군·인조 대에 정치 활동을 했던 조위한(趙緯韓;1567~1649)이 1621년에 창작한 작품이다. 조위한은 현곡(玄谷), 또는 소옹(素翁)이란 호로 불렸으며 당쟁과 잦은 전란으로 인해 치열한 삶을 살았다. 이러한 질곡의 삶은 작품에 고스란히 응집되어 표현되었다. 조위한은 임진왜란을 직접 경험하였다. 그는 전란 중에 어머니와 아내, 어린 딸을 잃었다. 심지어 신혼 생활 중이던 동생의 처까지 순절하는 것을 보았다. 이산의 체험뿐 아니라 의병이 되어 왜적을 물리치는 일에도 참여하고, 또 명나라 군사들과도 교우하며 전장에서 몸으로 고통과 맞섰다. 약탈로 인한 빈곤과 기아, 포로와 이산, 여성 문제 등은 비단 현곡만이 아닌 조선의 모든 백성에게 상처로 남았다. 현실의 상처는 <최척전>에 그대로 표현되었다. 최척과 가족은 전쟁의 화를 피하기 위해 장소를 불문하고 피난생활을 하며 만남과 이별을 반복한다. 이들은 조선과 중국, 해상 등을 오가며 가족, 조선인, 타국인에 이르기까지 많은 사람들을 만난다. 이러한 만남의 양상은 사건의 도화선이 되기도 하고, 위기를 해결하는 실마리가 되기도 한다. 이에 본 논문에서는 조위한이 전란 경험을 바탕으로 창작한 <최척전>에 나타나는 이합(離合)에 주목하여 논의하였다. 먼저 2장에서는 조위한의 생애를 통해 그의 삶에 나타나는 사별(死別)과 별리(別離)의 정서를 살폈다. 3장에서는 작품의 다중구조를 통해 중첩된 이합(離合)의 양상을 분석하고, 이를 통해 작가의식을 읽어보았다. 4장에서는 <최척전>에 나타나는 이합의 문학사적 의미를 확인하였다. 작품의 이해를 높이고 그 안에 담겨 있는 작자의 의식을 읽어 내기 위해 본 논문에서 시도한 이합의 의미를 살피는 작업은 적절한 시도였다고 생각한다. 또한 조위한의 <최척전>은 임진왜란을 배경으로 주인공인 최척과 옥영의 만남과 이별, 전쟁으로 인한 가족의 이산, 민중의 고단한 삶의 여정 등을 복합적으로 그려낸 작품임을 확인할 수 있었다. Multiple-structured pattern and the meaning of meeting and separation described in Choicheok-jeon Kim, Cheong-Ah Choicheok-jeon is written by Wui-han, Jo(1567~1649) in 1621 who was born in latter years of Myeonjong`s ruling and had engaged in politic activities through Seonjo, Gwangheagun, and Injo`s ruling. His pen name was Hyeon-gok or So-ong. He had lived fiercely going through party strife and wars whose harsh experience is reflected in his book condensedly. Wui-han, Jo experienced Imjin War in which he lost his mother, wife and young daughter. Even, he had to watch his sister-in-law dying for her chastity. In addition to losing his family, he joined the volunteered civilian army and fought against Japanese enemies in battle fields together with allied troops of dynasty Meng. Poverty, famine, POW, separated families, and women`s issues from being looted at war are left as pain in all Chosun people`s mind. The pain in real life is reflected in Choicheok-jeon. Choicheok and his family were separated and back together repeatedly fleeing from the war. They encountered their family members, Chosun people, and people from the other countries while wandering everywhere from Chosun to China. Those kinds of meeting sometimes became triggers of special events or clues of resolution for them. Therefore, this thesis is mainly focusing on meeting and separation described in Choicheok-jeon written by Wui-han, Jo based on his experience of the war. First of all, In chapter 2, the sentiment of separation by death and parting in his life are spotlighted. Also, the pattern of overlapped meeting and separation is analyzed through the multiple structures in chapter 3. Furthermore, it enablesus to read the writer`s idea. Finally, the literary-historical meaning of meeting and separation described in Choicheok-jeon is verified in chapter 4. The attempt to study the meaning of meeting and separation in order to understand writer`s idea is believed to be an appropriate trial. It is concluded that Choicheok-jeon describes the meeting and separation between Choicheok and Okyoung, family separation at the war and people`s tough lives from multiple points of view during Imjin War.

古紙廢水의 生物學的 處理時 處理效率과 適定 運營에 關한 硏究

金煥起,鄭正朝,朴仁淑,鄭南朝 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1996 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.11 No.1

This study was carried out to estimate the efficiency of treatment and proper management of wastewater treaterment plant in biological treatment of old paper mill wastewater. In this study, the F/M ratio was changed 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4, HRT and temperature were changed 12hr, 24hr, 48hr, 72hr and 20℃, 26℃, 30℃ respectively. 1. By case of the F/M ratio, the range of COD result was 83%∼85% and the SS result was 82%∼93% in the efficiency of treatment when the F/M ratio was changed from 0.1 to 0.4 and the HRT was 48hr. Therefore, the efficency of treatment of COD and SS was little influenced by the change of F/M ratio. 2. And in the change of hydraulic retention time(HRT) when the HRT was changed as 0hr, 12hr, 24hr, 48hr and 72hr, the efficiency of treatment was upgraded as the term of HRT. 3. In the case of temperature, when the condition of inside of the reactor was changed from 20 ℃ to 32 ℃, the efficiency of the COD and SS was moved up. 4. Because the COD is 130 ㎎/ℓ and the SS is 120 ㎎/ℓ as the standard of applied wastewater discharge, in the condition of old paper mill was wastewater plant of 20℃ the hydraulic retention time of 48hr is suitable. In the case of 26℃ and 32℃ the HRT of 24hr is proper.

지역사회와 병원에서 페니실린 내성 폐렴구균 감염의 임상적 특징 및 분자유전학적 성상

정희진,황병연,박정원,김우주,김민자,박승철,이영희 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.2

Background : During the last three decades, the resistance of S. pneumoniae to penicillin has been rapidly increasing in many parts of the world, especially in Korea. To characterize the clinical features and epidemiology of penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae (PRSP) infections in the community -and hospital, as well as to investigate the possible spread of resistant clone, we performed the antimicrobial susceptibility tests, pulsed filed gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and penicillin-binding protein (PBP) profile analysis of PRSP isolates. Methods : A total 48 PRSP isolates from patients who visited or were admitted to Korea University Guro hospital during the period form July 1998 to June 1999 were studied. Anitimicrobial susceptibility tests for 48 isolates were performed with microbroth dilution method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of 11 antibiotics. 39 isolates and 35 isolates were subjected to PFGE and PBP profile analysis, respectively to investigate the genetic relatedness between PRSP isolates. Results : Pneumonia was most common site of infection in the community and the hospital as 50%. There were no significant differences of clinical fentures and prognosis between community and hospital isolates. But, patients with serious underlying diseases had poor prognosis despite of acquisition site. High level penicillin resistance were observed in 69%, multi-drug resistance were 64.6% of isolates. PFGE showed that 13 of 29 community acquired infection were identical PFGE pattern but not that of 23F Spanish clone. There were various PFGE patterns were observed from community and hospital acquired infection isolates. Some of them were existed in both. PBP profiles showed more diverse, even if in isolates of the same PFGE pattern. Conclusion : In our study, high level penicillin resistance and multi-drug resistance were observed in PRSP clinical isolates. No clinical and prognostic differences were observed between community and hospital acquired infections. Molecular epidemiology study were suggest the there were various genotypes of PRSP within our society. Some of them were observed of the hospital and community. Therefore, there was an evidence of communication of PRSP clones between the community and hospital. (Korean J Infect Dis 33:112~122, 2001)

자연휴양림의 개발 방향에 관한 연구

정용문 韓國實科敎育硏究學會 2000 實科敎育硏究 Vol.6 No.1

This study was carried out in order to establish the desirable preparation ways of the natural recreational forests in Korea. Data were collected by questionaire from 118 studedts of 2nd grade in Cheong-Yang Agri- Industrial High School, Kong-Ju Agricultural High School, Seo-San Agri-Industrial High School, and Chun-An Agricultural High School in Chung Nam province from April to May, 1996. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Out of 118 respondents, 60.2% lived in an utban area which is begger than Myun desteicts, 38.2% lived in a rural district. 2. As for their recognition about naturol recreational forests, the majority of respondents were ignorant of the term of natural recreational forests, and existence of the natural recreational forest in their neighborhood. 3. As for the media of their recognition about natural recreational forest, their friends and acquaintance were the most important, and public information of Forest administration or local autonomous entity were the least important. 4. About the necessity to preparation of natural recreational forests, the majority of them responded positively. 5. As for their opinions about the most necessary facilities is 30.5%, physical training facilities is 11.9%, and education facilities is 2.5%, respectively. 6. As for their frequency to use the recreational forests, the majority of respondents showed reactions that they will visit there once or twice a month.

The Junction of Language and Culture : The Significance of Teaching Culturally Loaded English Words

Yook,Cheong-Min 신영어영문학회 2011 신영어영문학 Vol.49 No.-

Yook, Cheong-Min. The Junction of Language and Culture: The Significance of Teaching Culturally Loaded English Words. The New Studies of English Language & Literature 49 (2011): 253-267. This paper highlights the significance of teaching culturally loaded English words that are interpreted differently by people from different cultures. Intended to be a general discussion, the paper explores pedagogical issues related to the acquisition of culturally loaded English words in the EFL context of Korea. It first discusses what culturally loaded words are and why they should receive our attention. It then shows the scarcity of theoretical and empirical research on culturally loaded English words and how to teach them in the EFL context. The paper finally makes several suggestions for teaching culturally loaded English words in the Korean EFL context, including a suggestion to make a list of culturally loaded words and provide relevant cultural information in the textbook. (Chungnam National University)

병원과 지역사회에서 메티실린 내성 황색 포도상구균(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) 감염의 임상 분자역학 연구

박정원,이종섭,송준영,김철현,엄중식,정희진,김우주,박승철 대한화학요법학회 2002 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.20 No.2

목적 : 국내에서 1990년대 이후 중요한 병원균으로 대두되고 있는 methicillin-resistant S. ureus(MRSA)는 주로 입원환자에서만 분리되는 것으로 알려져 있으나, 최근들어 지역사회에서도 퍼져있는 것으로 알려지기 시작하였다. 이에 병원획득 및 지역사회획득 MRSA의 임상역학 및 분자역학적 연구를 통하여 획득요인, 병원과 지역사회 획득 균주간의 교류 양상등을 규명하고자 하였다. 방법 : 1998년 1월부터 12월까지 고려대 부속 구로병원에서 임상검체로부터 분리된 S. aureus 균주중에서 MRSA 균주의 빈도를 구하였고, 이중 1998년 10월 1개월 동안 분리되었던 42균주에 대하여 지역사회획득 균주와 병원획득 균주로 나누고, 임상역학적 조사를 하였다. 지역사회 획득 18주와 병원획득 22주에 대하여 PCR 방법으로 mecA 유전자를 확인하였고, PFGE를 시행하여 균주의 클론형(clonal type)을 결정하고 이 결과에 준하여 덴드로그램 분석을 시행하여 분자적 친밀도를 결정하였다. 결과 : 1998년 1년간 분리된 총 1,587주의 S. aeureus 균주중 73.8%(1,163주)가 MRSA 였다. 1998년 10월 1개월 동안 임상자료의 고찰이 가능하였던 MRSA 감염환자 42명 중 20명이 지역사회획득 환자였고, 병원획득 환자가 지역사회획득 환자보다 항생제사용 과거력(17 vs 5, p=0.001), 기저질환의 존재(18 vs 8, p=0.002) 등이 통계적으로 의미있게 높았다. 지역사회획득환자가 이루(7/20[35.0%] vs 2/22[9.1%] ; p=0.041)와 밀접한 관계가 있음도 확인하였다. 분자생물학적연구가 진행된 40주의 MRSA 균주는 모두 mecA 유전자 양성이었고, 18주의 지역사회획득 균주에서 총 8가지의 PFGE 클론형이 존재하였으며 A형이 가장 많았다(7/18, 38.8%). 22주의 병원획득균주에서는 6가지의 클론형이 존재하고 A형이 가장 많았으며(15/22, 68%), 15주의 지역사회획득 균주(83.3%)가 21주의 병원획득균주와 공통적인 클론형을 공유하고 있었다. 결론 : 지역사회 획득 MRSA는 주로 이루나 창상부위에서 많이 분리되는 반면 병원획득 MRSA는 객담에서 많이 분리되고 또한 당뇨병을 가진 환자에서 감염을 잘 일으키는 것으로 밝혀졌다. PFGE 분석 결과 원내감염은 단일균주에 의한 유행양상을 보였고, 지역사회에서도 같은 형의 균주에 의한 감염빈도가 가장 높음을 보여 MRSA 균주가 지역사회로 유입되어 지역사회내 MRSA 감염의 발생에 기여했을 것으로 사료된다. Background : Until recently, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has been acquired primarily in hospital settings. During the late 1990s, the incidence of community-acquired MRSA infections has been increased in this university hospital. This retrospective study evaluated the clinical features and risk factors for community-acquired MRSA infection compared with hospital-acquired MRSA infection; and molecular relatedness of MRSA strains determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE). Method: MRSA isolates collected from patients during October of 1998 were classified as community-acquired("community') or hospital-acquired("hospital") cases. MRSA infections were defined as hospital-acquired if organisms were isolated > 48 hours after admission to the hospital or isolated from patients with a history of admission to a hospital within the last 3 months. A comparative analysis of risk factors for community MRSA compared with hospital MRSA was performed. mecA gene PCR and PFGE of MRSA isolated was used as a tool of strain identification and molecular typing. Result : During one month, there were 42 patients with MRSA infection or colonization. Of 42 patients with MRSA isolates, 22(52%) were hospital cases and 20(48%) were community cases. Previous exposure to antibiotics(17 vs 5, p = 0.001) and presence of underlying diseases (18 vs 8, p = 0.002) were more common in hospital cases than in community cases. MRSA were more frequently isolated in otorrhea specimens from patients with otitis media in community cases compared with hospital cases. Of the 40 MRSA isolates subjected for PFGE typing, 18 were community isolates and 22 were hospital isolates. There were 8 distinct PFGE types among the 18 community isolates and type A was the most common clonal type (7/18, 38.8%). 22 hospital isolates were of 6 distinct PFGE types, and type A was dominant clonal type (15/22, 68%). PGFE subtyping indicated that 15(83.3%) of 18 community MRSA strains were clonally related with that of 21 hospital MRSA strains. Conclusion : Our results suggest that hospital MRSA strains may have disseminated in the community setting. PFGE subtyping support the finding that MRSA is circulating beyond nosocomial settings in the regional community.