하지 수술을 위한 경막외 마취시 Ropivacaine 과 Bupivacaine 의 비교

이상곤,민병우,반종석,문철준 대한마취과학회 2001 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.41 No.4

Comparison of Epidural Ropivacaine and Bupivacaine in Patients Undergoing Lower Extremity Surgery Chul-Jun Mun, M.D., Sang-Gon Lee, M.D., Jong-Suk Ban, M.D. and Byung-Woo Min, M.D. Department of Anesthesiology, Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea Background: Ropivacaine is an amide local anesthetic structurally related to bupivacaine. A ran-domized, double-blind study was performed to compare the clinical effectiveness of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in patients undergoing lower-extremity surgery. Methods: Forty-nine patients (ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ) were randomized to receive 15 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine or bupivacaine. Twenty patients received 15 ml of ropivacaine and 20 patients received 15 ml of bupiva-caine at the L3,4 or L4,5 interspace. Parameters measured were the onset time, duration and spread of sensory block, the onset time, duration and degree of motor block, the quality of anesthesia and the heart rate and blood pressure profile during the block onset. Results: Demographic characteristics were similar among the groups. Seven patients were excluded from the study due to technical failure of the block, two patients were excluded due to insufficient data. The onset and duration of analgesia at T10 dermatome (mean ?? SD) was 18.9 ?? 7.0 minutes and 187.5 ?? 34.6 minutes respectively for ropivacaine, and was 15.2 ?? 8.8 minutes and 187.8 ?? 40.0 minutes respectively for bupivacaine. Maximum block height (mean ?? SD) was T6.5 ?? 2.0 for ropivacaine and T6.4 ?? 2.0 for bupivacaine. The incidence of complete motor block (Bromage scale 3) was low in the ropivacaine group, being 3/20 for ropivacaine and 12.20 for bupivacaine. Conclusions: The sensory blockade profile of ropivacaine, administered epidurally, is similar to that obtained with an equal dose of bupivacaine. However motor blockade with ropivacaine is less intense, less frequent, and of shorter duration than with bupivacaine. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2001; 41: 434~438)

영구형 항서맥 심박조율기 환자의 장기추적관찰

최현석,이무용,최영진,최성준,김효수,손대원,오병희,이명묵,박영배,최윤식,이영우,이명용 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.5

척추 마취에서 소용량 Bupivacaine-Fentanyl 과 상용용량 Bupivacaine 의 비교

조영훈,이상곤,민병우,이지향,반종석 대한마취과학회 2001 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.41 No.4

Comparison of Small Dose Bupivacaine-Fentanyl with Conventional Dose Bupivacaine during Spinal Anesthesia Young-Hoon Cho, M.D., Ji-Hyang Lee, M.D., Sang-Gon Lee, M.D. Jong-Suk Ban, M.D., and Byung-Woo Min, M.D. Department of Anesthesiology, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea Background: Although spinal anesthesia has a lot of advantages, it has some disadvantages or undesirable effects. Hypotension and unnecessarily long neural blockade are included among them. Although using small dose local anesthetics fairly solves these problems, it is insufficient to provide reliable surgical anesthesia by itself. Therefore the authors investigated whether such an opioid as fentanyl and small dose local anesthetic used together during spinal anesthesia can prevent hypotension and unnecessarily long neural blockade and provide reliable surgical anesthesia simultaneously. Methods: Thirty patients undergoing knee or below knee surgery were randomized into two groups. Group 1 received bupivacaine 5 mg combined with fentanyl 20 ㎍, and group 2 receive 10 mg bupivacaine. Hypotension was recorded and was treated with intravenous ephedrine. Sensory blockade, intraoperative analgesia, motor blockade and side effects were assessed. Results: NO significant differences were observed in values for assessing hypotension, sensory block-ade or intraoperative analgesia between the two groups. Also no significant differences were observed in intensity of the motor blockade and side effects between the two groups. However the duration of the motor blockade of group 1 was longer significantly than that of group 2. Conclusions: Small dose bupivacaine and fentanyl administered together intrathecally reduced duration of motor blockade and didn't augment of side effects and provided reliable anesthesia for surgery of knee or below knee simultaneously. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2001; 41: 423~427)

화학적 요부 교감신경절 차단에서 한 분절 차단과 두 분절 차단의 비교

김종일,이규종,이상곤,민병우,반종석,문철준 대한마취과학회 2001 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.41 No.4

Chemical Lumbar Sympathetic Block: Comparison of One- Versus Two-needle Techniques Chul-Jun Mun, M.D., Kyu-Jong Lee, M.D., Sang-Gon Lee, M.D., Jong-Il Kim, M.D.^* Jong-Suk Ban, M.D., and Byung-Woo Min, M.D. Department of Anesthesiology, Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea ^*Kim Jong Il Pain Clinic, Daegu, Korea Background: It was frequently noticed in the course of performing a two-needle sympathectomy, that satisfactory spread of contrast solution could be produced by injection through only one of the needles. This led to a closer examination of the merits of single-needle technique. Methods: Forty patients were randomized into two groups. Patients in the single-needle group (n = 20) were injected at the second or third lumbar sympathetic ganglia, while patients in the two-needle group (n = 20) were injected at the second and thired lumbar sympathetic ganglia. Lumbar sympathetic blocks were performed using 3 ml of alcohol and the spread of injectate was verified with C-arm fluoroscopy. The indicators of a successful sympathetic block are increasing skin temperature, decreasing pain, and anhidrosis in the distal extremity. Results: The duration of anhidrosis was 12.2 ?? 2.6 months (mean ?? SD) in the single-needle group versus 13.6 ?? 3.6 months (mean << SD) in the two-needle group. Conclusions: As these results were not significantly different from those obtained in patients having considered to be effective for a neurolytic ;i,bar sympathectomy. (korean J Anesthesiol 2001; 41: 439~443)

Ropivacaine 을 이용한 경막의 마취시 Clonidine 병용의 효과

김종일,조영훈,이상곤,민병우,이지향,반종석 대한마취과학회 2001 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.41 No.4

Effects of Clonidine Added to Ropivacaine in Epidural Anesthesia Young-Hoon Cho, M.D., Ji-Hyang Lee, M.D., Sang-Gon Lee, M.D., Jong-Il Kim, M.D.^*, Jong-Suk Ban, M.D., and Byung-Woo Min, M.D. Department of Anesthesiology, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea ^*Kim Jong Il Pain clinic, Daegu, Korea Background: Clonidine has been regarded as an adequate supplementary anesthetic during epidural anesthesia and has been used with local anesthetics such as bupivacaine or lidocaine to support the effects of these anesthetics. The authors would examine whether clonidine is an adequate supplementary anesthetic when it is used with ropivacaine during epidural ane-sthesia. Methods: Thirty-two healthy patients undergoing a hip or lower limb surgery were diveded into two groups. In group 1, 0.5% ropivacaine 15 ml was administered. In group 2, 0.5% ropivacaine 15 ml combined with clonidine 150 ㎍ was administered. Onset, duration and maximal height of sensory block were assessed. Sedation score, blood pressure and heart rate were measured. Results: Duration of sensory block of group 2 was significantly longer than that of group 1. Sedation score of group 2 was significantly higher than that of group 1. Blood pressure of group 2 was sig-nificantly lower thatn that of group 1 at 50 min, 70 min and 90 min after epidural injection. No significant differences were observed in onset of sensory block and heart rate between the two groups. Conclusions: The addition of clonidine to ropivacaine during epidural anesthesia prolonged duration of sensory block and produced useful sedation. It caused relatively stable hemodynamic changes. These results suggest that clonidine is an adequate supplementary anesthetic when it is used with ropivacaine during epidural anesthesia. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2001; 41: 428~433)

내시경적 점막절제술로 치험한 식도 과립상 세포종 1례

강혁주,김성욱,최석진,이중현,장재식,서영범,윤병구,박건욱,김성자,김용섭,강승완,이구,양창헌,이창우,김욱년,이광헌,서정일 동국대학교 의학연구소 2000 東國醫學 Vol.7 No.-

과립상 세포종은 Schwann 세포 기원으로 생각되며 인체에 비교적 드물게 발생한다. 과립상 세포종은 전신 어느 곳에서나 발견될 수 있으나 주로 혀, 구강, 피부 혹은 유방 등에서 호발하며 드물게 위장관에서 발견된다. 위장관에서는 식도에서 가장 호발하며 다음으로 위, 대장 순이다. 과립상 세포종은 대부분, 특히 위장관에서는 양성이며 소수의 악성 병변이 보고되었다. 이러한 이유와 함께 수술 전의 진단이 어렵기 때문에 과립상 세포종에 대한 근본적인 치료는 현재까지 외과적 절제술이다. 최근에 시도되는 치료방법들로는 내시경적 레이저 치료, 용종절제술, 내시경적 점막 절제술 등이 있다. 저자들은 상부 소화관 내시경검사를 시행하여 식도 과립상 세포종을 진단하고 내시경적 점막 절제술을 시행하여 합병증 없이 퇴원하여 현재 재발없이 경과 관찰중인 1례를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다. Granular cell tumors, which occur infrequently, are probably of Schwann cell origin. They can occur almost anywhere in the body but usually affect the tongue, oral cavity, skin, or breasts and are rarely found in the gastrointestinal tracts. The esophagus is the most frequent gastrointestinal site, followed by the stomach and the colon. Granular cell tumors are generally benign, especially in the gastrointestinal tract, some malignant lesions have been reported. For this reason, and also because preoperative diagnosis is difficult, the standard treatment for granular cell tumor has until now been surgical excision. In recent years, other therapeutic methods is endoscopic laser therapy (ELT), polypectiomy, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). We report a case of esophageal granular cell tumor which was diagnosed by an endoscopy and managed using an endoscopic mucosal resection without complication.

Si-Schottky障壁型의 大陽電池 製作에 관한 硏究

李相潤,羅炳旭,朴德圭,李鍾德,金奎用,玄東杰,禹洪,盧景錫 慶北大學校 物理化學硏究所 1981 硏究論文集 Vol.1-2 No.-

The characteristics of these Si-schottky barrier type and Heterojunction type solar cells are as follows; 1. SnO_2/n-Si Heterojunction Solar Cells Fabricated by Spray Pyrolysis Method SnO_2 film were deposited on the (100) or (111) surface of Si single crystal by the spray pyrolysis method. The best SnO_2/n-Si solar cell has a good performance, with an open-circult voltage: Voc.=0.45V, short circuit current: Isc.=35.5㎃, fill factor: FF.=0.64, and conversion efficiency: η=10.2% under 98㎽/㎠ irradiation of AMl. The spray pyrolysis described in this paper is simple and suitable for mass production. One possibility for cost reduction lies in this method of junction fabrication, and the idea of simply deposited SnO_2/n-Si junction is, at first sight, very attractive. Hence the SnO_2/n-Si Solar Cell and the effectiveness of this method may be of great value in some future production of low-cost solar cells. 2. In_2O_3: Sn Heterojunction Solar Cells Fabricated by Spray Pyrolitic Method Highly conductive and transparent thin films of In_2O_3: Sn (ITO) are fabricated by spray pyrolytic method. The parameters of these thin films are as follows: resistivity ρ = 1.5×10 exp (-3) Ω·㎝, carrier concentration n = 7.5×10 exp (19) cm^-3, mobility μ = 55.5 ㎠/V·sec and transmission 85-90% over visible and long wave-length region. These thin films have simple cubic system with lattice constant 10.2Å. In_2O_3: Sn/n-Si heterojunction solar cells are fabricated, depositing In_2O_3: Sn (ITO) thin films on n-Si substrates with orientation(100) and resistively 2-3Ω, ㎝ by spray pyrolitic method. Under AMl sunlight simulator, the parameters of the excellent cell obtained has open-circuit voltage Voc=0.52V, short-circuit current I_sc=39.0㎃, fill factor: F.F=0.60 and conversion efficiencyη=12.1%. 3. Al/p-Si MOS Solar Cells Fabricated by Vacuum Evaporation Method Al/p-Si MOS solar cells, consisting of Al on P-tupe silicon with a thin interfacial layer of SiO_2 have been found to have good light conversion efficiency for solar radiation. The effects of the oxide layer thickness between metal and substrate were investigated. Under AMl simulated sunlight illumination the best cell has open circuit voltage Voc=0.50V, short-circuit current I_sc=26.3㎃/㎠, fill-factor FF=0.70 and conversion efficiency η=9.2%. 4. Cr-Cu/P-Si MOS Solar Cells Fabricated by Vacuum Evaporation Method Cr-Cu/p-Si MOS Solar cells, consisting of Cr-Cu on p-type silicon with a thin interfacial layer of SiO_2 have been found to have good light conversion efficiency for solar radiation. The effects of the oxide layer thickness between metal and substrate were investigated. Under AMl simulated sunlight illumination the best cell has open circuit voltage Voc=0.49V, short-circuit current I_sc=26.4㎃, fill-factor: FF=0.72 and conversion efficiency η=9.3%.

무도 전공 학과별 취업인식 조사 : 용인대학교 무도대학 소속 학과를 중심으로

이병익,강성철,김도준,박준석,김주연 용인대학교 2011 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.29 No.-

The aim of this survey is employment perception of martial arts major students in yongin university. The university education has various objects, one of the most important purpose is opportunities for employment. As time have changed, martial arts major students pointed out that their needs for employment. If universities accept their needs, it can be raise competitiveness of martial arts major departments in the academic world. This research is released its earnings report, the data will have significant meanings for the martial arts major departments sector grappling with traditional understanding. Therefore a realistic employment measure is urgently needed for martial arts major students, because it will need to be tailored to fit into the realities and by the limitations of martial arts major's departments curriculum. The research found the martial arts major students's cognitions on employment planning of individualized department education, employment education management of martial arts major departments and martial arts education system from university to society through questionnaires. From this point of view, this research was based on students who belonging to the college of martial arts(judo, taekwondo, combative martial arts, oriental martial arts, security service) in yongin university.

응급의학과에서의 인공호흡기 처치

이삼범,도호석,도병수,이창현,심민철,권굉보 대한응급의학회 1995 대한응급의학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Study Objectives : To investigate and resolve the problems related with ventilator management in ED(emergency department). At present the ventilator is essential equipment of ED on university hospital and emergency center in Korea. Design : Retrospective consecutive case series. Setting : University teaching hospital Type of participants : All patients admitted and recieved ventilator management in ED of yeungnam university hospital from Jan. 1994 to jul. 1995. Methods and interventions : Charts of all patients were reviewed to determine the frequency, the types and causes of respiratory failure, the death rate, the mean duration of admission, the complications, and CPR(cardiopulmonary resuscitation) related with ventilator management in ED. We also identified the problems related with ventilator management by ED physicians and nurses through the answers to seven questions that suggested by us about ventilator management in ED. Measurements and main result : There were 34,751 admissions through ED during the study period. Of these 160 patients managed with ventilator in ED. The frequency of ventilator management in ED is increased at 1995(0.73%) that compared with 1994(0.32%). Non-trauma(113 cases) and hypoxic respiratory failure(83 cases) patients are more common than trauma(37 cases) and ventilatory failure Total CPR rate related with ventilator management are 25.3%. The mean duration of admission are 12.56±20.28 days, and the death rates are 45.3%. The incidence of complications occurred during ventilator management in ED are 37 cases. About seven questions suggested by us to 30 ED staffs(ED physician, nurses and paramedics), most frequent answer is the difficulty of keeping ventilator in ED because other department rent ventilator from ED and lost a part of ventilator. Conclusion : As the use of ventilator in ED is increased the emergency physician should be well trained for the indications, complications, setting mode and general problems of machine occurred during ventilator management in ED patients.

효율적인 저장을 위한 XML 문서의 통합기법

이범식,황병언 가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 2005 자연과학논문집 Vol.26 No.-

XML과 관련된 애플리케이션의 개발이 활성화되면서, 관리해야 하는 XML 문서의 수가 크게 증가하였다. 이에 따라 의미나 구조적으로 많은 유사성을 지니는 XML 문서들을 효율적으로 저장하고 검색하기 위한 기법의 연구가 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 의미 및 구조적으로 유사성을 가지는 여러 XML 문서들을 통합하는 기법을 제안한다. 이 방법은 같은 DTD나 XML Schema를 가지는 경우와 다른 DTD나 XML Schema를 가지는 경우를 모두 고려한다. 또한 특별한 구조적 정보를 가지지 않는 XML 문서도 이들과 마찬가지로 처리하여, 다양한 XML 문서들에 대한 통합이 가능하도록 한다. 이러한 통합 기법은 중복되는 엘리먼트나 애트리뷰트에 대한 저장 공간의 낭비를 최소화한다. 그리고 서로 관련 있는 여러 XML 문서의 부분들을 디스크상의 페이지 내에 서로 가까이 저장할 수 있기 때문에, 사용자의 일반적인 질의에 대해 효율적이고 빠른 검색 결과를 유도할 수 있고, I/O 횟수를 줄임으로써 그에 따른 오버헤드를 줄일 수 있다는 장점을 가진다. As enlarging of developing applications that related with XML, the XML documents to manage increased in quantity. Accordingly, it is requested to research for storing and searching efficiently XML documents which have similar in meaning or structure. In this paper, we suggest the combining strategy of XML documents with meaning and structural similarity. This strategy considers whether XML documents with same XML schema or not. The XML documents without special information about their structure would be processed also, so it makes possible to combine of variety of XML documents. Proposed strategy minimizes waste of storing space for duplications of elements or attributes. Since it stores related XML documents closely in same pages on disk, so it has advantages not only to derive searching result fast and effective for general query from users, but also to cut down overhead by reducing I/O frequency.