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금은화(金銀花) 및 금은화전초(金銀花全草)가 Raw 264.7 cell에서 LPS로 유도된 NO의 생성, iNOS, COX-2 및 cytokine에 미치는 영향
이동언,이재령,김영우,권영규,변성희,신상우,서성일,권택규,변준석,김상찬,Lee, Dong-Eun,Lee, Jae-Ryung,Kim, Young-Woo,Kwon, Young-Kyu,Byun, Sung-Hui,Shin, Sang-Woo,Suh, Seong-Il,Kwon, Taeg-Kyu,Byun, Joon-Seok,Kim, Sang-Chan 대한동의생리학회 2005 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.19 No.2
Lonicerae Flos has antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus, streptococci, pneumococci, Bacillus dysenterii, Salmonella typhi, and paratyphoid. It is an antiviral agent. The herb has a cytoprotective effect against $CCl_{4}-induced$ hepatic injury. It has antilipemic action, interfering with lipid absorption from the gut. Nowadays this herb is used mainly in the treatment of upper respiratory infections, such as tonsillitis and acute laryngitis. It is also used in the treatment of skin suppurations, such as carbuncles, and to treat viral conjunctivitis, influenza, pneumonia, and mastitis. Lonicerae Flos is dried flower buds of Lonicera japonica, L. hypoglauca, L. confusa, or L. dasystyla. But, for the most part, we use whole plant of Lonicera japonica, as a flower bud of it. And, little is known of the original copy of effects of whole plant, except for the 'Bon-Cho-Gang-Mok', which is written the effects of flower of Lonicera japonica are equal to effects of leaves and branch of it. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of flower and whole plant of Lonicera japonica on the regulatory mechanism of cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) for the immunological activities in Raw 264.7 cells. In Raw 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic inflammation, flower and whole plant of Lonicera japonica water extracts inhibited nitric oxide production in a dose-dependent manner and abrogated iNOS and COX-2. Flower and whole plant of Lonicera japonica water extract did not affect on cell viability. To investigate the mechanism by which flower and whole plant of Lonicera japonica water extract inhibits iNOS and COX-2 gene expression, we examined the on phosphorylation of inhibitor ${\kappa}B{\alpha}$ and assessed production of $TNF-{\alpha}$, $interleukin-1{\beta}$ $(IL-1{\beta})$ and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Results provided evidence that flower and whole plant of Lonicera japonica inhibited the production of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and activated the phosphorylation of inhibitor ${\kappa}B{\alpha}$ in Raw 264.7 cells activated with LPS. These findings suggest that flower and whole plant of Lonicera japonica can produce anti-inflammatory effect, which may play a role in adjunctive therapy in Gram-negative bacterial infections, respectively.
金銀花 및 金銀花全草가 Raw 264.7 cell에서 LPS로 유도된 NO의 생성, iNOS, COX-2 및 cytokine에 미치는 영향
이동언(Dong Eun Lee),이재령(Jae Ryung Lee),김영우(Young Woo Kim),권영규(Young Kyu Kwon),변성희(Sung Hui Byun),신상우(Sang Woo Shin),서성일(Seong Il Suh),권택규(Taeg Kyu Kwon),변준석(Joon Seok Byun),김상찬(Sang Chan Kim) 한의병리학회 2005 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.19 No.2
이동언 ( Dong Eun Lee ),서강석 ( Kang Suk Seo ),이미진 ( Mi Jin Lee ),신수정 ( Su Jeong Shin ),류현욱 ( Hyun Wook Ryoo ),김종근 ( Jong Kun Kim ),박정배 ( Jung Bae Park ) 대한외상학회 2012 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.25 No.3
Purpose: Clinical observation and research findings show that acute traumatic coagulopathy (ATC) is a major factor that must be addressed in the early care of severe trauma patients. ATC is associated with increased transfusion requirements and poor clinical outcomes. This study aimed to correlate the early predictable factors of ATC with the outcomes in severe trauma patients. Methods: Retrospective data from the trauma registry on severe trauma patients (Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥16) were used to identify variables independently associated with coagulopathy. Univariate associations were calculated, and a multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine variables independently associated with ATC. Results: Patients were mostly male, aged 51.9±17.8 years, with an injury severity score of 24.1±12.4. ATC, as diagnosed in the emergency department (ED), occurred in 17% of the severe trauma patients. Using a multivariable logistic regression analysis, early predictable variables independently associated with ATC were base deficit (odds ratio (OR): 13.03; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.47-48.93), acute liver injury (OR: 4.24; 95% CI: 1.06-17.00), and transfer from another hospital (OR: 21.00; 95% CI: 3.23-136.60). Conclusion: ATC is associated with mortality in severe trauma patients, and some variables associated with trauma and shock are an independent predictors of ATC. These variables contribute to the early recognition and management of coagulopathy, which may improve the outcome from trauma resuscitation. (J Korean Soc Traumatol 2012;25:72-78)
로켓 추진 원리를 이용한 고등학생 대상 과학교육프로그램 개발
문영주(Young joo Moon),이동언(Dong eun Lee),이설하(Sul ha Lee),이은주(Eun joo Lee),이창진(Changjin Lee) 한국항공우주학회 2015 韓國航空宇宙學會誌 Vol.43 No.4
우리나라 우주발사체 개발에 대한 청소년들의 흥미 유발과 로켓에 대한 과학적 접근을 쉽게 할 수 있도록 고등학생을 대상으로 하는 로켓 교육프로그램을 개발하였다. 고등학교 물리 1,2, 화학 1,2를 분석한 후 로켓의 추진 원리와 연계하였고, 추진 원리의 이해를 바탕으로 모델로켓 엔진을 제작하는 과정을 설명하였다. 또한 모델로켓에서 추진제로 사탕, 육포, 초콜릿 등과 같은 고열량 식품들을 사용하여 추진제를 제작하였다. 특히 교육프로그램은 식품을 이용한 추진제 제작, 연소 온도 측정, 추력 측정과 모델 로켓의 제작, 발사 등으로 구성하였으며 연구 결과를 통해 사탕을 이용한 제작한 추진제와 솔비톨로 제작한 추진제의 성능을 비교 분석하였다. 또한 프로그램을 적용한 후 학생들의 성취도 평가를 측정하기 위하여 기술적, 교육적 목표를 제시하고 프로그램의 운영을 통하여 목표 달성 여부도 판단하였다. This paper aims to design an educational science program based on rocket propulsion for high school students. Curriculum in high school physics and chemistry were evaluated to find out scientific match with basic principles in rocket propulsion. Also model rocketry was implemented as a part of the educational program. Solid propellants were prepared by the combination of sorbitol and candy after a selection process for solid propellant from several high caloric food candidates. Specially, this program was intended to give an opportunity to organize basic knowledge of high school science with model rocketry by measuring combustion temperature, thrust level of developed propellants. A pilot operation of the program was done with four high school students to evaluate the achievement of final goals of the program both in technical and educational aspect.
'낯설게 하기에 바탕을 둔 친숙화 하기'를 건축이론화 하기 위한 시론 - 환유적 은유를 중심으로 -
이수은(Lee Soo-Eun),이동언(Lee Dong-Eon) 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2
The architecture of 'familiarization' based on the metaphor is trite through the habitual reference. So 'defamiliarization' based on the metonymy has arisen in architecture against the familiarized architecture. Thus, this paper investigates metaphor and metonymy as the grounds for the relationship between architecture and them, rethinks of it by Jakobson's and Derrida's metonymy that G. Ulmor suggests the montage and the montage-allegory as devices of 'defamiliarization', and finds the limitation each in architecture. Therefore, this paper suggests that the possibility of 'metonymic metaphor' be reconsidered as the alternative and searches theorization of 'Familiarization based on Defamiliarization' in architecture.
'하버마스와 가다머의 해석학 논쟁'을 통해서 본 현대건축의 '전통' 해석방식에 관한 연구 - 김수근과 민현식을 중심으로 -
류은미(Ryu Eun-Mi),이동언(Lee Dong-Eon) 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2
Under the influence on Modernism, Korean modern architecture had a tendency to pursue not the creativity but the materiality. Although the architectural concern about the tradition increases, against this situation, traditional Korean architectural language was not still positively reactivated. Therefore, this paper rethinks of that situation by 'Hermeneutics Debate between Gadamer and Habermas'. In reactivating the tradition, the former has the limitation of dependence on absolute power of the past as pre-understanding and the latter has the possibility of combining the realistic rationality with the original meanings of the tradition simultaneously. Therefore, this paper suggests the alternative based on the critical succession of the tradition by 'controlled distancing' in latter.
펄스자기장 및 과열증기 처리를 통한 노계육과 육계의 품질 평가
전기홍,황윤선,김영붕,최윤상,김은미,이동언,최진영,Jeon, Ki-Hong,Hwang, Yoon-Seon,Kim, Young-Boong,Choi, Yun-Sang,Kim, Eun-Mi,Lee, Dong-Un,Choi, Jinyoung 한국식품영양학회 2016 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.29 No.5
노계육의 물리적 처리를 통한 조직감 개선과 가공특성을 조사하였다. 각 처리 조건은 스팀(Steam, S) $85^{\circ}C$/20 min, 펄스 전기 자기장(Pulsed Electric Field, PEF) 1.5 KV/cm, 초고압 증기 가열법(Super Heated Steam, SHS) 오븐온도($300^{\circ}C$), 스팀 온도($350^{\circ}C$), 시간(8 min)을 선정하여 실험 하였다. 수율에서는 육계육과 노계육 모두 대조구에서 66.85%, 63.80%로 높은 결과를 얻었으며 처리구에서는 모두 감소하여 노계육을 전기장 처리한(PEF) 처리구에서 61.05%로 가장 낮은 수율을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 색도는 노계와 육계의 품종과 관계없이 가열 중 L 값은 낮아지고 a 값과 b 값은 높아지는 전형적인 현상을 보였으며, 가열 감량은 가열 감량은 노계육스팀처리(S)에서 45.25%로 가장 높았으며, 육계육의 초고압증기(B-SH) 가열 처리할 때는 30.66%로 가장 낮았다. 처리구별로는 노계육을 PEF 및 SH 병행 처리 시 PEF와 SH를 단독으로 처리한 물리적인 처리구보다 가열 감량이 낮게 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다. 조직감은 hardness의 경우 시료별로는 부드러운 조직감을 갖는 육계육에서 초고압스팀처리구(B-SH)에서 5.57 kg으로 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 반면에 노계육은 PEF 처리한 후 스팀처리구 경우 14.08 kg으로 육계육에 비해서는 질긴 조직감을 보였으나 PEF 처리 후 초고압증기처리(SL-PSH) 시료에서는 10.73 kg까지 유의적으로 감소하여 연도개선에 효과가 있었다. 관능평가에서는 전반적 기호도가 가장 좋은 점수를 보인 것은 육계육 7.8점이었고, 노계육에서는 PEF 처리 후 초고압증기 처리구(SL-PSH)에서 6.3점으로 가장 좋은 점수를 보였다. 따라서 노계육의 연도를 개선하기 위한 물리적 방법에서는 PEF 처리 후 초고압증기처리(PSH)가 가장 이상적인 방법이라고 생각된다. The processing properties of spent hen and broiler chicken were investigated before and after treatment to improve texture characteristics. Each treatment consisted steaming (S) with $85^{\circ}C$ for 20 min, Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) with 1.5 KV/cm for 4 sec, and Super Heated Steam (SH) with an oven temp. of $300^{\circ}C$, a steam temp. of $350^{\circ}C$ for 8 min. The yield of spent hen and broiler were 66.85% and 63.80% respectively in the control, but decreased in every treatment was lowest at 61.05% in the PEF treatment (p<0.05). In the color test, L value decreased, but the a and b values increased regardless of the species of spent hen or broiler. In the test of heating loss, the S treatment of spent hen had the highest result of 45.25% but lowest of 30.66% in the SH treatment of the broiler. When it was compared with various treatments, SH after PEF treatment showed the better result in terms of heating loss than the PEF or SH treatment respectively. In the test of texture, the broiler showed the lowest hardness of 5.57 kg in the SH (p<0.05). Otherwise, the spent hen resulted in 14.08 kg of hardness in steaming after PEF, but it improved significantly to 10.73 kg in SH after PEF. In the test of 9 scored sensory evaluation of overall palatability, 7.8 point was the best score with SH treatment in the broiler. The best score in spent hen was 6.3 point which was SH after PEF treatment. With this experiment, SH after PEF was the condition in the treatments to have the better texture of spent hen.
박송이 ( Song Yi Park ),김현 ( Hyun Kim ),박귀화 ( Kwi Hwa Park ),박승민 ( Seung Min Park ),이동언 ( Dong Eun Lee ),정용훈 ( Yong Hun Jung ),정원준 ( Won Joon Jeong ),박경혜 ( Kyung Hye Park ) 대한의료커뮤니케이션학회 2021 의료커뮤니케이션 Vol.16 No.1
Background : Emergency physicians are increasingly participating in brain-death organ tissue donation (OTD). It is difficult communication to inform family members about suspected brain-death and potential donor. This study sought to explore the experiences and communication of emergency physicians in brain-death OTD. Methods : This is a qualitative study that interviewed 10 experienced emergency physicians with brain-death OTD and analyzed the data by thematic analysis method. Results : The study revealed 20 subthemes and 5 themes; 1) Families who are invited to donate organs make decisions after long periods of consideration by the entire family, 2) It is uncomfortable to recommend organ donation, 3) Explaining and obtaining consent is ‘the hardest job’ for the attending physician, 4) The way the attending physician does ‘the hardest job’ is by explaining, 5) Passively solicit donation. Conclusion : The experienced emergency physicians with brain-death OTD were using methods of communication to understand and sympathized with the family members and had abundant experiences. The findings of this study will help inexperienced emergency physicians with brain-death OTD.