방역작업자의 브롬화메틸(methyl bromide) 노출수준과 생물학적 모니터링

이종성,이용학,신재훈,최정근,오차재,정호근 한국산업위생학회 2001 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.11 No.3

This study was performed to estimate environmental and biological monitoring of worker exposed to methyl bromide through quarantine fumigation. Airborne methyl bromide and it's metabolites were analyzed by gas chromatography and ion chromatography, respectively. The results are as followings; airborne concentration of methyl bromide(TWA) was 2.08±1.56 ppm(N=8). Dispersion and setting/degas groups were 0.67±0.12 ppm(N=2) and 2.54±1.53ppm(N=6), respectively. Bromide ion concentration in serum was 23.40±14.91㎎/ℓ(N=10) in the exposed workers and 4.74±0.82㎎/ℓ(N=21) in the non-exposed workers. Bromide ion concentration in urine was 35.56±26.89㎎/ℓ(N=11) in exposed group and 6.62±2.31㎎/ℓ(N=21) in non-exposed group. Good correlation was observed between concentration of serum and urine(r^2=0.890 p<0.01). No significant correlations of other determinanats were observed. Calcuated from a regressive curve. the biological half lifes of serum and urine were 10.7 and 5.9 days. In these results, biological monitoring of bromide ion of serum and urine provided useful information for evaluating exposure of workers to methyl bromide, so that an availability of bromide ion of biological samples was showed as biological monitoring indices for methyl bromide.

정신분열병 환자의 분노 경험과 표현

정호성,송지영,정근재 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.6

연구목적 : 정신질환자에 대한 편견은 이들에 대한 치료에 큰 영향을 미치고, 이들이 사회 적응과 재활에 어려움을 겪는 요인이 된다. 저자는 정신분열병 환자들이 느끼는 분노의 특징과 표현이 일반인에 비해 과연 크고 광범위한 것인지에 대하여 알아보고, 나아가서 이들 환자에 대한 편견을 시정할 수 있는 근거를 얻고자 하였다. 방 법 : DSM-IV에 의거한 정신분열병 환자 105명과 대조군으로 대학병원 내과에 입원한 환자 43명, 그리고 건강한 성인 65명을 대상으로 한국판 State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory를 이용한 분노의 경험과 표현을 조사하여 정신분열병 환자군의 분노의 특성을 비교 분석하였다. 결 과 : 정신분열병 환자군이 건강대조군보다 상태 분노가 유의하게 높았고, 특성-기질은 다른 두 군에 비해 유의하게 낮았다. 분노 표현 척도 중에 분노 억제와 분노 통제는 건강대조군에 비해 정신분열병군에서 유의하게 낮았다, 그러나 특성-반응과 분노-표출은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그리고 병식 유무에 따라 세 군간에 분노 척도를 비교해 본 바 모든 척도에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결 론 : 정신분열병 환자들은 정상대조군에 비교해 볼 때 상당한 분노를 가지고 있고, 분노 억제와 조절 능력은 부족한 점을 보여주고 있다. 그러나 분노의 표출은 크지않다고 할 수 있다. 이러한 결과는 정신분열병 증상의 하나인 자아기능의 약화일 수도 있으나 만성화에 따른 음성증상에 의한 것일 수도 있다. 이들의 예기치 않는 적대적 행동이나 난폭한 행동은 급성기가 아닌 시기에는 주위 환경에서 비롯된 자극에 따른 반응일 수 있다. 그러므로 정신분열병 환자는 무조건 위험하다는 잘못된 견해는 시정되어야 할 것이다. 그리고 향후 정신분열병 환자가 갖는 분노의 특성으로 파악하는 것은 예기치 않는 이들의 분노 표현에 대처하는 방법을 찾는데 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다. Objectives : The prejudice against mentally deranged persons has an effect on the treatment of the mental illness and is one of the reasons shy they have difficulties in social adaptation and rehabilitation. We intended to examine the characteristics and expression of the anger in schizophrenic patients to find how much anger they feel compared with general population. And we tried to find the basis on which the prejudice can be corrected. Method : 105 schizophrenic patients were selected according to DSM-IV. Control groups were 43 patients who were admitted to the department of internal medicine in university hospital and 65 healthy adults. The experiences and expressive patterns of anger were surveyed by State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, Korean edition. And the characteristics of the anger in the schizophrenic patients were compared with those in controls and analyzed. Results : State-anger was significantly higher in the schizophrenic patients group than in healthy control group and trait-temperament was significantly lower in schizophrenic patients group than in other two control groups. Among the anger expression scales, anger-in and anger-control were significantly lower in schizophrenic patients group than in healthy control group. But trait-reaction and anger-out showed no significant difference among three groups. And no significant difference was shown among the anger scales of three groups according to the presence of insight of the disorder. Conclusion : It is shown that schizophrenic patients have considerable much anger when compared to healthy control group and insufficient ability to suppress and control the anger. But it may be said that the expressions of anger in schizophrenic patients are not apparent. These results may be due to either the weakness of ego function, which is one of the symptoms of schizophrenia, or negative symptoms following chronicity of the disorder. Unexpected aggressiveness or violence of them may be triggered by stimuli from the circumstances, if they are not in acute phase. And the misunderstanding of general public that schizophrenic patients are dangerous unconditionally should be corrected by the education. We can't develop the appropriate strategy to cope with the anger of the schizophrenic patients until understand well the characteristics of anger in them.

벼 자동화 육묘시설에서 적정 파종기와 묘대기간의 선정

鄭錫祚,孫再根 慶北大學校 農業科學技術硏究所 2005 慶北大農學誌 Vol.23 No.-

The purpose of this study was carried out to determine the optimum sowing date and days after sowing (DAS) in automatic facility located at Uiseong of Gyeoungbuk province. The seedling height was rapidly increased with a delay of sowing time from April to May. The 10-day old seedlings with suitable plant height(>10cm) for machine transplanting in the facility were obtained when the seeds sowed after May 20 at Uiseong in Gyeoungbuk province. The dry weight-height ratio of 10-day old seedlings was significantly decreased when the seeds sowed after June 20, and 15-days old seedlings did after May 10. No. of panicles/hill was reduced with increasing of days after seeding. But there were no significant difference among other yield components such as no. of grains/panicle, ratio of ripened grains, and 1,000 grain weight. The highest grain yield, 748kg/10a, was attained from the 10-day old seedlings transplanted at May 27 in comparision with those of 15-day and 20-day old seedlings. The grain yield of 10-day old seedlings transplanted at June 26 was also higher than that of 15-day old seedlings.

상아질 접착에서 collagenase와 esterase가 미세인장결합강도에 미치는 영향

정영정,현홍근,김영재,김정욱,이상훈,김종철,한세현,장기택 대한소아치과학회 2007 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.34 No.2

상아질-레진 접착강도에 대한 collagenase와 esterase의 영향을 살펴보기 위해, 소구치의 교합면 상아질에 Single Bond 2와 Clearfil SE Bond로 접착을 시행하고 미세 시편을 제작하여 PBS, collagenase 용액, esterase 용액에 4주간 보관한 후 미세인장결합강도를 측정, 비교하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 모든 보관 용액에서 Single Bond 2의 미세인장결합강도는 Clearfil SE Bond보다 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 2. Single Bond 2의 미세인장결합강도는 collagenase군이 PBS군, esterase군보다 낮았다(p>0.05). 3. Clearfil SE Bond의 미세인장결합강도는 esterase군이 PBS군에 비해 낮았으나(p>0.05), collagenase군보다는 높았다(p>0.05). Collagenase군은 PBS군에 비해 유의하게 낮은 미세인장결합강도를 보였다(p<0.05). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of collagenase and esterase on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) in dentin bonding. After resin composites were bonded to occlusal dentin, μTBS specimens were formed and stored in PBS, collagenase, or esterase solution. After 4-week storage, μTBS was determined and, the results were as follows: 1. μTBS values of Single Bond 2 were lower than those of Clearfil SE Bond for all storage medium (p<0.05). 2. In single Bond 2 group, collagenase solution lowered bond strength more than PBS and esterase solution (p>0.05). 3. In Clearfil SE Bond group, esterase solution lowered bond strength more than PBS(p>0.05). Collagenase solution lowered bond strength more than esterase solution(p>0.05) and PBS(p<0.05).

알코올에 의해 유발된 진정 및 수행 장애에 대한 카페인의 반전 효과

유남재,김정란,조정혜,왕성근 대한생물치료정신의학회 2004 생물치료정신의학 Vol.10 No.1

연구목적 : 저자들은 알코올의 진정 작용과 수행 붕괴 효과에 대한 카페인의 영향을 확인하기 위해 이 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 건강한 19세에서 25세 사이의 대학생 지원자 14명을 대상으로 Epsworth Slippiness Scale(ESS), Stand-ford Sleepiness Scale(SSS), Visual Analogue Sclae(VAS), Vienna test, Multiple Sleep Latency Test(MSLT) and Breath Ethanol Concentration(BrEC)을 측정하였다. 결 과 : 알코올(1.0g/㎏)은 투여 후 5시간까지 입면잠복기를 단축시키며, 카페인(300mg)은 이러한 단축을 현저히 개선시키는 반전 효과가 있었다. 알코올(1.0g/㎏)은 투여 후 3~5시간 동안 주간 졸음과 피로감을 유발하며, 카페인(150~300mg)은 졸음과 피로감을 개선시키는 효과가 있었다. 경계력은 알코올(0.5~1.0g/㎏) 투여 1시간 후 유의하게 저하되었고 카페인(150~300mg) 투여 3시간 후부터 개선되었으며, 집중력은 알코올(1.0g/㎏) 투여 후 변화가 없었으나 카페인 투여 3시간 후부터 유의하게 향상되었고, 단기 기억은 알코올과 카페인 투여에 유의한 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 기준일, 알코올 투여일, 알코올 및 카페인 투여일에서 각 변량(SSS, MSLT, 졸음, 피로감, 기분, 집중력, 경계력, 단기 기억력)간에는 일관성 있는 유의한 관계가 나타나지 않았다. 정상인에서 알코올은 입면잠복기를 단축시키고 주간 졸음과 피로감을 유발하며, 카페인은 알코올에 의해 유발된 입면잠복기의 단축을 연장시키고 주간 졸음과 피로감 및 경계력과 주의 집중력을 개선시키는 효과가 있었다. 결 론 : 카페인은 알코올의 진정 및 수행 붕괴 효과를 반전시키는 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. Objectives : The authors performed this study to identify the effects of caffeine on the alcohoi's sedative and performance disruptive effects. Methods : Epsworth Sleeppiness Scale(ESS), Stanford Sleepiness Scale(SSS), Visual Analogue Scale WAS), Vienna test, Multiple Sleep Latency Test(MSLT) and Breath Ethanol Concentration(BrEc) were checked for the 74 young and healthy college student volunteers aging from 19 to 25 years. Results : Alcohol(1.0g/kg) freduced sleep latency until 5 hours after administration and caffeine(300mg) reversed this effect significantly. Alcohol(1.0g/kg) induced daytime sieepiness and fatigue 3-5 hours after administration and caffeine(l50-300mg) improved sleepiness and fatigue. Vigilance was decreased significantly 1 hour after alcohol administration(0.5-1.0g/kg) and improved 3 hours after caffeine administration(l50-300mg) and attention was not changed after alcohol administration(1.0g/kg) but improved significantly 3 hours after caffeine administration and short-term memory was not changed significantly after alcohol and caffeine administration. On the baseline, the day of alcohol administration only, and alcohol and caffeine administration day, between each vanable(SSS, MSLT, sleepiness, fatigue, mood, vigilance. concentration, and short-term memory) did not show significant consistent correlation. Conclusion : Alcohol decreases sleep latency and induces daytime sleepiness and fatigue, and caffeine prolonges sleep latency and improves daytime sleepiness, fatigue, vigilance and attention in normal subjects. These results showed caffeine reverses alcohol's sedative and performance-disruptive effects.

콤포짓트 레진의 중합체계에 따른 중합률 및 잔류단량체 유출

문현정,임범순,이용근,송재경,김철위 대한치과기재학회 2001 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.28 No.2

Newly developed curing units for the dental composite resins are claimed to result in optimum properties and short curing time. The purpose of this study was to detemine the curing effectiveness of the curing units, and to evaluate the relationship between the degree of polymerization and leachability of residual monomer. Three composite resins were tested (Z100; z100, Herculite XRV; HX, Heliomolar; HM). Disk specimens of 2 mm in thickness and 6 mm in diameter were cured with a plasma arc [Apollo 95E; at 1370 mW/㎠, for 5 sec.(A5), 10 sec.(A10), 15sec(A15)], halogen lamp [VIP; at 500 mW/㎠, for 13 sec.(V13), 26 sec.(V26), 40 sec.(V40)] and custom made light emitting diode [LED; at 500 mW/㎠, for 13 sec.(L13), 26 sec.(L26), 40 sec.(L40)]. Specimens were immersed in 75% ethanol for 7 days. Eluates of the composites were analyzed by a high-performance liquid chromatography, and the degree of polymerization of composites were determined by a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. To obtain the sufficient curing by a plasma arc, the curing time should be longer than 10 sec. When the same light energy was irradiated, LED showed similar curing performance to halogen lamp. The light energy and the degree of polymerization was not correlated (p>0.05), but the light energy and the leachability of residual monomer was correlated (p<0.05). The leachability of residual monomer (TEGDMA+BisGMA) depended on the degree of polymerization.

치면열구전색제의 조건에 따른 법랑질 결합강도에 관한 연구

이용근,이흥수,이성재,방기숙,최정민,류승호,강민석 대한치과기재학회 1997 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.24 No.1

In this study, the shear bond strengths and accompanying elastic modulus ratio, displacement at bond failure and work up to fracture of pit and fissure sealants to toothe enamel were analyzed by the following variables, those were acid etching, moisture content of the surface of enamel, dentin bonding agent(species and method), thermocycling, saliva contamination. One kind of chemically cured resin based pit and fissure sealant, two kinds of light cured resin based pit and fissure sealants and one kind of glass ionomer based pit and fissure sealant, and two kinds of dentin bonding agents were studied. The buccal surface of extracted premolars were ground flat with # 600 silicone carbide papers, and the ground surface was treated depending on the experimental conditions. After each treatment, each pit and fissure sealant was filled into plastic tube of 3mm diameter, which were laid on the surface of ground enamel surface, and were cured. Sealant bonded teeth specimens were immersed in 37℃ distilled water form 24 hours. The shear bond strength of sealant to enamel surface was measured with Universal testing machine with the cross head speed of 1mm/min. From the obtained load-deflection curves, modulus ratio, bond strength, displacement at bond failure and work up to fracture were analyzed. From this experiment, the following results were obtained : 1. Comparing the results of standard condition(i. e. acid etching, dry surface, no dentin bonding agent and 300 thermocyling), the elastic modulus ratio of chemically cured resinbased pit and fissure sealant was significantly higher than those of other materials(P<0.05), and the bond strength, displacement at bond failure and work up to fracture of glass ionomer based pit and fissure sealant were significantly lower than those of other materials(P<0.05). 2. The results of ANOVA with the variables of type of material, acid etching, moisture condition of the enamel surface, dentin bonding agents were as follows ; 1) variables showed significant main effect on the shear bond strength of pit and fissure sealant to enamel(P<0.01), 2) type of material, acid etching and moisture condition of enamel influenced the bond strength significantly(P<0.01), 3) type and application methods of dentin bonding agents influenced on the bond strength significantly(P<0.05). 3. There were statistically significant correlation between the work up to fracture and the bond strength, and between the work up to fracture and the displacement at bond failure(P<0.01), and in these cases the correlation coefficient was 0.87.

발포폴리스티렌비드를 사용한 경량콘크리트의 역학적 특성에 관한 실험적 연구

주재금,이종찬,오세출,유택동,정광량,서치호 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1(구조계)

The purpose of this study is to obtain basic data on the properties of the lightweight concrete within expanded polystyrene beads for various applications in the field. Inquiring into the change of the properties as altering cement matrix mixture and the capacity mixture ratio of expanded polystyrene beads, the mixture plane of this study is set up as W/C is fixed 50%, expanded polystyrene beads is increased 10% from 0% to 80% per 1m³ and the ratio of cement:sand in the cement matrix is 1:0, 1:0.5, 1:1. The results of this study are as follow. The slump as changing the mixture ratio of expanded polystyrene beads decrease smoothly until mixture ratio 50% but decrease rapidly being in excess of 50%. The density decrease regularly as the mixture ratio of expanded polystyrene beads increase but the ratio of strength decrease. The difference of cement matrix. The strength of cement matrix having more sand mixture ratio relatively decrease rapidly as increasing the mixture ratio of expanded polystyrene beads. It is judged decreased strength phenomenon as the quantity of coherent material created in the mixture decrease rapidly.

Holstein種의 血液化學値에 關한 硏究 : -Ⅰ. 成牝牛의 血液化學値- -Ⅰ. Blood Chemical Values of Adult Cows -

李載洪,林貞澤,韓邦根,金宇權 全南大學校 農漁村開發硏究所 1981 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.16 No.1

國內에서 飼育되고 있는 Holstein種成牝牛의 血液化學値를 얻고자 全南地域에서 飼育되고 있는 外觀上 健康하다고 認定된 經産牛 385頭를 對象으로 血液化學値를 調査檢討하여 다음과 같은 結論을 얻었다. 1. 平均血淸TP量은 7.35(5.10∼10.20)g/100㎖이었으며 年令의 增加에 따라서 漸漸 증가하는 傾向이 있었다. 2. 平均血淸Alb量은 3.51(2.50∼4.40)g/100㎖이었으며 年令別 差異는 認定할수 없었다. 3. 平均血淸Glb量은 3.84(1.40∼7.20)g/100㎖이었으며 年令의 增加에 따라서 漸漸 증가하는 傾向이 있었다. 4. 平均血淸 A/G比는 0.91(0.43∼2.64)이었으며 年令의 增加에 따라서 漸漸 증가하는 傾向이 있었다. 5. 平均血淸 cholesterol量은 179.38(46.4∼336.0)g/100㎖이었으며 年令의 增加에 따라 增加하여 4年牛를 頂点으로 다시 下向의 傾向을 나타내고 있었다. 6. 平均血淸 glucose量은 39.38(27.0∼57.3)㎎/100㎖로 낮았으며 年令別로 特徵的인 것은 發見할수 없었다. 7. 平均血淸 magnesium量은 2.72(0.20∼8.46)㎎/100㎖이었으며 老令牛에서 magnesium의 減少가 顯著하였다. 8. 平均血淸 calcium量은 8.69(6.34∼16.83)㎎/100㎖로 全般的으로 낮은 량이었으며 年令別 差異는 認定할수 없었다. 9. 平均血淸無機燐量은 5.88(3.50∼9.76)㎎/100㎖이었으며 年令別로 特徵的인 것은 發見할수 없었다. 10. 平均血淸Ca/P比는 1.48(0.68∼2.64)이었으며 年令別로 特徵的인 것은 發見할수 없었다. 11. 平均血淸 potassium量은 18.95(13.69∼24.24)㎎/100㎖이었으며 年令別 差異는 認定할수 없었다. 12. 平均血淸 sodium量은 315.90(282.86∼361.05)10.20)㎎/100㎖이었으며 年令別로 特徵的인 것은 發見할수 없었다. 13. 平均血淸 chloride量은 354.64(299.97∼361.05)㎎/100㎖이었으며 年令別 差異点은 發見할수 없었다. The present study was conducted to determine the blood chemical values of adult Holstein cows in Korea. Samples of blood were taken from 385 healthy cows in Chonnam province, and the results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Mean serum totalprotein content was 7.35(5.10∼10.20)g/100㎖;it in creased with age. 2. Mean serum albumin content was 3.51(1.40∼4.40)g/100㎖;no differences were found between age groups in the serum albumin content. 3. Mean serum globulin content was 3.84(1.40∼7.20)g/100㎖; it increased with age. 4. Mean serum albumin/globulin ratio was 0.91(0.43∼2.64);it decreased with age. 5. Mean serum glucose concentration was 179.38(46.4∼336.0)g/100㎖;it increased up to 4 years of age and thereafter it decreased with age. 6. Mean serum glucose concentration was 39.38(27.0∼57.3)㎎/100㎖, which was low compared with other results. No differences were found in the glucose concentration between age groups. 7. Mean serum magnesium concentration was 2.72(0.20∼8.46)㎎/100㎖;it decreased significantly in older cows. 8. Mean serum calcium concentration was 8.69(6.34∼16.83)㎎/100㎖, which was low compared with other results. No differences were found in the calcium concentrati on between age groups. 9. Mean serum inorganic phosphate concentration was 5.88(3.50∼9.76)㎎/100㎖;no differences were found in the inorganic phosphate concentration between age groups. 10. Mean serum calcium/phosphate(Ca/P) ratio was 1.48(0.68∼2.64);no differences were found in the Ca/P ratio between age groups. 11. Mean serum potassium concentration was 18.95(13.69∼24.24)㎎/100㎖;no differences were found in the potassium concentration between age groups. 12. Mean serum sodium concentration was 315.90(282.86∼361.05)10.20)㎎/100㎖;no differences were found in the sodium concentration between age groups. 13. Mean serum chloride concentration was 354.64(299.97∼361.05)㎎/100㎖;no differences were found in the cholride concentration between age groups.

불소배합 음용수와 불화우유 섭취에 의한 백서치아 탈회 억제효과 비교

송근배,송재상,김혜영,김정숙,김지영 경북대학교 병원 2002 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.6 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of fluoride in the water and milk on tooth enamel dissolution by commercial beverages. 3 weekold 60 female sprague-Dawley strain were divided into four groups and given the following dosage of fluoride in the drinking water:0,1,5 and 50ppm for six and twelve weeks ad libitum. Upper incisors were prepared for specimen with low speed dental disc.The slabs of each incisors were embedded in unsaturated polyester,polished with #1,200 silicon carbide paper and aluminisilicate powder.Three kinds of beverage were selected for test medium and enamel slabs of rat incisors were dipped for 60 and 120 minutes in each beverage.Surface microhardness was examined before and after dissolution with beverage. All collected data were analyzed using the SAS package.Differences between groups were compared by the one-way ANOVA,Duncan's multiple range test and ANCOVA procedures. Corresponding p-values were considered significant at the values less than 0.05. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Surface microhardness was significantly increased both 6 and 12 weeks groups compared with control group. Surface microhardness of high fluoride groups were also proportionally increased with increasing concentration of fluoride both in the water and milk. 2. There were significant differences of inhibitory effect of surface microhardness after 60 and 120 minutes emersion periods,and both at 6 and 12 weeks group in the veverage B and C,but not appeared in the beverage A. 3. The inhibitory effect of enamel dissolution was higher in the 12 weeks group than 6 weeks group both at the water fluoridation and milk fluoridation. 4. The differences of micro hardness between before and after emersion in the beverages were larger in the milk fluoridation groups than water fluoridation groups.