Comparison of Dual Probe Bipolar Mode with Monopolar and Single Probe Bipolar Modes : Comparison of Dual Probe Bipolar Mode with Monopolar and Single Probe Bipolar Modes

Lee, Jeong Min,Han, Joon Koo,Kim,Se Hyung,Lee, Jae Young,Kim, Dae Jin,Lee, Min Woo,Cho, Gyung goo,Han, Chang Jin,Choi, Byung Ihn Korean Radiological Society 2004 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.5 No.2

대학생의 학업성취 수준 실태 분석 연구

김형관,신현석,서민원,황기우 고려대학교 교육문제연구소 2001 敎育問題硏究 Vol.15 No.-

본 연구는 대학생의 학업성취 수준을 사전에 선정된 사회 문화적 배경요인에 따라 실증적으로 분석하여 그 실태를 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구는 연구주제와 관련된 선행 문헌고찰을 바탕으로 대학생의 학업성취를 인지적 측면에서 ① 실제 학점 평균과 ② 지각된 성취수준(전공지식 습득, 교양지식 습득, 논리·분석적 사고력, 창의력) 등 두 가지로 개념화하였다. 그리고 학업성취와 관련된 사회 문화적 배경요인은 크게 대학생의 ① 개인적 배경요인, ② 가정배경요인, ③ 대학배경요인 등 세 가지로 구별하였다. 본 연구의 대상은 전국에서 표집된 6개 종합대학 1,781명의 대학생들이다. 이들을 대상으로 학업성취요인과 사회 문화적 배경요인들을 설문화하여 수집된 자료를 분석한 결과, 개인적 배경변인에서는 계열별, 거주형태, 일일 평균 공부시간 등의 변인은 학업성취에 차이를 가져오는 것으로 나타났다. 가정 배경변인에서는 출신지역과 부모의 학력 정도에 따라 학업성취 수준이 다르게 나타났다. 한편, 대학 배경변인 별로는 대학설립 유형, 학교 소재지, 입학전형 방식 등의 변인들이 학업성취 수준의 차이를 가져오는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

스포츠 현장에서 사고 분쟁해결을 위한 법적 구조 및 그 효용성 분석

박형상,육조영,김우규,이재봉,유관호,이무연,박태민,이신언 한국스포츠리서치 2005 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.16 No.2

1. The purpose of this study is to reflect reality of sports to legal structure. This author classified types of sports related accidents as match accidents, school accidents, leisure and living sports accidents. Out of such accidents common factors such as 'the provider of virtue' and 'user' could be deduced and this author reviewed what kinds of obligations must be shouldered by these people respectively. In particular this author stressed the fact that disproportionate emphasis is placed on malfeasance in disposition of dispute over the sports accidents. Malfeasance is a method for seeking relief through money after the accident. However default in an obligation enables supplementary completion when it is not performed or imperfectly performed. Thus if object which must be performed is providing safety then it is possible to secure safety prior to accident. Furthermore at such time mistake of the debtor can not become a factor. For this reason this line of thinking has the following merits: (1) In comparison with constitution of malfeasance default of an obligation has long prescription. It seems that such fact was a motivation for saving obligation for safety consideration by making it fall under the principle of faith. (2) Default of an obligation is not an obligation for ordinary attention which is cause of malfeasance but it takes up issue with obligation for attention required for performance. Game organization, sponsor and spectators etc. shares certain sense of identity and are demanded to have manners. As method for evaluation of such relationship of faith it may be possible to impose a special kind of obligation for attention and it will be close to constitution of default of an obligation. (3) Imposing obligation for provision clarifies that such responsibility belongs to game organizations promoting sports to which anyone can participates or to national or public organizations, sponsor, schools which induced such sports as a part of its educational programs, installer who made people use it as leisure facility or person in charge for its management. (4) It is also applicable to umpires, players or spectators who use field of sports. It is possible to reflect reality whereby these people specifically relate themselves to sports. In consequence it will be possible to make people feel the necessity of expanding the principals of sports from 'doers' to 'watchers.' (5) The obligation of provision is an obligation under the principle of faith therefore mutual negotiation may be expected to clarify such fact. It may be also evaluated by effectuation of users' self-determining right. 2. If the above mentioned structure is provided then, although it is limited to sports, students who are subjects of instruction, seminar attendants, and furthermore players who finished games may be obligated to bear responsibility for safety consideration under the principle of faith. Accordingly level of relief for considerable number of victims may be increased as cases of treating even borrowed materials as default of obligation being expanded. 3. As scope of responsibility becomes more clearer it will be possible to prevent disputes while securing more safety as rules and regulations become more clearly enacted or new contract is signed or existing contract is revised.

스포츠에서의 社會階層과 社會移動에 關한 硏究

安禹洪,李敏炯 慶北大學校 師範大學 體育學硏究會 1988 體育學會誌 Vol.16 No.-

The purpose of this study is to manifest the prerequisite that makes social upward mobility possible by comparing and analyzing birth classes and social mobility through the documents on domestic and foreign athletes. The conclusions are as follows ① Domestic athletes belong to the lower classes more than foreign athletes. ② Many domestic athletes come from the province, but in foreign countries many are from the city. ③ In both cases, the upper classes participate in personal sports more frequently than the lower ones do. ④ In the upper classes, the main obstacle to participating in sports is the lack of leisure time and in the lower classes, the main obstacle is concerned with economic matters. ⑤ In our country, athletes future is not secured. In foreign countries there are many opportunities of social upward mobility because sports are done with studies and social athletic activities are in vogue. But the possibility of social downward mobility after athlete life can't be belittled even in foreign countries.

실리카흄을 흔입한 고강도 콘크리트 개발

홍창우,김태경,김경진,김성환,김남윤,심도식,이정호,윤청호,백민경,원치문,박제선,이주형,정경일 강원대학교 석재복합신소재제품연구센터 1996 석재연 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

콘크리트 구조물이 대형화됨에 따라 설계단면이 증대되어 상대적으로 많은 경제적 손실을 부담하게 된다. 따라서 단면을 감소시키면서도 소요의 하중에 안전한 구조물을 건설하기 위해서는 우선적으로 구조물 건설에 기초가 되는 고품질, 고내구성의 고강도 콘크리트 개발이 절실히 요구된다 본 연구에서는 일정 시멘트비 및 혼화재 비율하에서 소요의 워커빌리티가 확보되는 고강도 콘크리트를 시간과 온도의 변화에 따라 증기 양생하여, 압축, 인장, 휨강도 뿐만 아니라 파괴특성을 실험적으로 연구하였다. 시료 제작시 시멘트 입자 사이의 공극 및 불연속 영역을 충전하여 고밀도화하기 위한 콘크리트용 혼화재로 시멘트 비표면적이 상당히 작은 초미립 분말인 실리카흄을 이용하였다. 또한 AE감수제 및 고성능 유동화제를 사용하여 혼화재의 첨가에 의하여 발생될 수 있는 워커빌리티의 감소를 방지하였다. 실험결과에 의하면 일정 양생 지속 시간하에서 온도의 증가에 따라 콘크리트의 압축, 인장 및 휨강도가 전반적으로 증가하였다. 동일하게 일정 온도하에서 양생 지속시간이 커짐에 따라 강도들이 증가됨을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 상대적으로 높은 온도와 긴 지속 양생 조건하에서 파괴에 대한 저항력이 크게 나타났다. The compressible, tensible, and flexibleresistance of the high strength concrete is analyzed by the experimentation in the present study. For the test, we cure several samples with the silica fume as a mixture being become dense the spaces between the particle of cement under the variation of both the temperature and the curing-interval. Then, the superplasticizer and the ezcon are also used to satisfy the required workability for construction. The compressible, tensible, and flexible resistances to a stress are increased as increasing the temperature and the time interval for the curing. Therefore it is concluded that the overal fractural and mechanical properties is improved by mixing the silica fume into the cement.

악성 점막하 종양과의 구별이 어려웠던 Gastritis Cystica Profunda 1예

선제형,박진석,한민석,김수항,김우진,박인형,이숭,유종선,박찬국 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2006 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.31 No.3

Gastritis cystica profunda (GCP) is a rare disease characterized by gastric foveolae elongation along with hyperplasia and cystic dilatation of the gastric glands extending into the tissue beneath the submucosa. GCP mainly develops at the gastroenterostomy stoma but can arise in a stomach that has not undergone surgery. The proposed pathogenesis is related to chronic inflammation, ischemia and the presence of a foreign body. GCP may present as a submucosal tumor, Polyp or a giant gastric mucosal fold. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is an effective diagnostic method for differentiating GCP from protruding and elevated gastric lesions. We report a case of GCP along with the endoscopic and EUS findings that were indistinguishable from a malignant submucosal tumor.

Ski의 力學的 資料分析

李敏炯,安禹洪 慶北大學校 師範大學 體育學硏究會 1976 體育學會誌 Vol.2 No.-

Through the analysis on the date of ski mentioned beforehand, by the principle of physics, the resistance of snow of air, the speed of straight running, and the position of center of gravity can be abbreviated as follows: 1. The removal resistance of snow and the resistance of friction are added to the resistance of snow. Due to the many kinds of accumulating snow, there can scarcely be a true data of the removal resistance of snow, but the resistance of friction is in the limitation of μ_s=0.1∼0.3, μ_k=0.01∼0.05. 2. The resistance of air is to be reported as D≤0.04, L≤0.01 by the current of the air. 3. Suppose the speed of straight running is D=0 L=0, as the V is to be decided by α andμ_k only, it has nothing to do with the weight of runner or of ski. If the speed is to be deducted from D=0.04 to D=0.03, the increase of speed is to be changed a great deal, and the final speed of Vm is to be increated from 25.7m/sec (92.5km/h) to 29.7m/sec (107km/h). 4. At straight running, in the position of gravity for the starting, the center of gravity of Gr is in the position of back-ward rather than perpendicularity (The more the friction frequency increases, the more it poses backward.), and the more speed increases, the more position movse frontward.

자원봉사자들의 탈북자 지원 경험 분석 : 설문결과를 중심으로

강성록,김형중,윤덕룡,전우택,민성길 연세대학교 통일연구원 2001 통일연구 Vol.5 No.1

Objectives: Since 1994, the number of North Korean defectors, escaping North Korea and entering South Korea, has in creased rapidly.The Government has provided most of te support for the defectors' adaptation to their new society.But as the number of defectors has increased, and the support needs have become more various, the support of volunteers from non-governmental organization(NGO) has become very important.To raise the level of the success and effectiveness of the support from the volunteers, their experiences were surveyed and analyzed. Methods: This study surveyed 83 volunteers of 7 NGOs involved in helping North Korean defectors' adaptation to South Korean society-48 men and 34 women. Results: In their relationships with defectors, women volunteers have more difficulties in their first 3 months.However volunteers in their 50s and 60s tend to have more stable and better relationships with defectors than younger volunteers.Many volunteers statedexperiences of human difficulties with defectors, for example, mistrust and anxiety in human relationship (n=34, 41.0%), psychological maladjustment(n=19, 22.9%), different ways of thinking and culture(n=17, 20.5%), economic difficulties(n=10, 12.0%), and lack of independence spirit(n=6, 7.2%).The volunteers said they have feelings of goddwill toward defectors when defectors showed warm heart(n=30, 36.1%), politeness(n=30, 36.1%), positive and active character (n=24, 28.9%), strong will(n=17, 20.5%), and plainness (n=14, 16.0%).The volunteers stated an absence of goodwill feelings to defectors when defectors showed uncompromising and aggressive attitudes (n=29, 34.9%), lack of independent will (n=28, 33.7%), selfishness (n=18, 21.7%), and avoidance of making human relationship (n=16, 19.3%).as for adequate training before commencing activity, 5 volunteers(6.0%) said they had received enough education before their activity, 31(37.3%) relatively enough, 38 (45.8%) relatively not enough, and 9 (10.8%) absolutely not enough education.If they were the owners of al company, 27 volunteers (51.9%) sanid they would want to thire defectors even if the defectors did not have the required ability. Conclusion: These results showed that NGO's volunteers have a friendlier attitude to defectors than policemen n charge and public officials, which is their strong point.Women volunteers experience more difficulties in their early relationships with defectors, suggesting the need for a specific pre-education program for women volunteers.Furthermore, NGOs would benefit from an increase in the number of volunteers in their 50's and 60's.Both volunteers and defectors need to understand each othe to a deeprer extent and the characteristics to which South Korean volunteers feel goodwill need to be used n their education.

종자 입자를 이용한 SiO_(2) 단분산 입자 제조에 관한 연구

이민형,이범석,김우식 慶熙大學校 材料科學技術硏究所 1999 材料科學技術硏究論集 Vol.12 No.-

In this study, to control secondary particles of silica, SiO_(2) seed growth experiments have been carried out variable concentrations of tetraethylorthosilicate(TEOS), agitation speed, feeding time, concentration of [NH_(3)], [H_(2)O]. The formation of secondary particles was reduced with increasing feeding time(t_(F)), agitation speed. Increasing TEOS concentration promote formation of the secondary particles. Increasing NH_(3) concentration reduce formation of the secondary particles.

치성 낭종의 임상-병리학적 소견과 TGF-α 및 TGF-β 발현

한경민,김용환,박진혁,윤형기,윤혜경,김우형,이희철 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.4

Objective : Periapical cyst is a relatively common disease but heterogenous in histogenesis, and inflammatory reaction and fibrosis of varying degree are associated in the cystic wall. The aim of thes study is to evaluate the clinico-pathologic characteristics such as patient's age, ses, location, and the degree of inflammatory reaction and fibrosis of periapical cyst and the role of TGF-α and TGF-β cytokines in the inflammed periapical cyst. Methods and Material : The materials were 43 cases of periapical cyst and clinical information with age, sex, location(maxilla vs mandible, right vs left, region involved) were recorded. Histopathological examination on the degree of inflammatory reaction and fibrosis and immunohistochemical stining for TGF-α and TGF-β were perfomed. Satistical analyses between clinical parameters, the degree of inflammation and fibrosis and expressions for TGF-α and TGF-β were followed. Results : 1. Thirt(69.8%) of 43 cases were older than 20 year-old. and no significant differences of incidence according to patient's sex was noted. In 25(58.1%) out of 43 case. 20(54.1%) out of 37 cases, and 20(48.8%) of 41cases, the cyst was located on the maxilla. in right side and in premolar region respectively. 2. The cysts of developmental and inflammatory origin were 24(55.8%) and 19(44.2%) of 43 cases, respectively and there were no siginificant differences of patient's age, sex, and location of cysts according to the origin of cysts. 3. Fibrosis was more conspicuous in cases older than 20 year-old. (p=0.0179), but no significant difference in the degree of inflammatory reaction according to patient's age and in the degree of inflammatory reaction and fibrosis according to sex and location of the cysts were seen. 4. Inflammatory reaction was slightly more in cysts of inflammatory origin, but no significant defferences in degree of inflammation and fibrosis according to origin of the cysts. 5. The degree of inflammatory reaction and TGF-α and TGF-β expressions showed a tendency of positive correlation(p=0.1563), but there were no statistically significant relationships between the degree of inflammation and fibrosis and TGF-α and TGF-β expressions. 6. In the cysts of developmental origin, TGF-α expression in the epithelial cells was significantly increased than inflammatory origin, but TGF-α and TGF-β expressions in the inflammatory cells and stromal cells showed no significant difference according to the origin Conclusion : The degree of inflammatory reaction and fibrosis of periapical cysts was different according to patient's age and location of the cyst. TGF-α and TGF-β cystokines seemed to be involved in the inflammatory reaction and fibrosis of periapical cyst, however, TGF-α and TGF-β expressions was not parallel to the degree of inflammatory reaction and fibrosis. These results suggest that other cytokines in addition to TGF-α and TGF-β may also be involved in the inflammatory reaction and fibrosis of periapical cyst. Increased TGF-expression in the epithelial cells of the cysts of developmental origin could be a helpful finding to defferentiate the origin of the periapical cyst.