심리학의 군사적 활용성 증대방안

강성록,김용주,신재훈 서울사이버대학교 미래사회전략연구소 2015 미래사회 Vol.6 No.1

The purpose of this study is to explore the plan for utilizing the knowledge of psychology effectively in area of military. In order to achieve the purpose, the recent psychological issues related to military were considered and the psychological activities in military of foreign countries such as US and Germany were studied. In regard to the psychological activities in US Army and German Federal Army, various missions and studies were being performed in US Army Research Institute for the Behavioral & Social Sciences and Office of Naval Research and in German Federal Army Psychology Institute of National Defence, Internal Command Center, and German Federal Army Institute for Social Science, respectively. Based on the psychological activities above, the seven military psychological area swhich can be applicable in Korea Army were determined: selection and placement of officers, identification of psychologically maladjusted soldiers, management and treatment of psychologically maladjusted soldiers, enhancement of expertise for counselors and counseling programs, support of psychological activity to ameliorate the military culture, management of psychological problems for dispatch troops, and support of psychological profile in case of accidents in military. Lastly, it was emphasized to establish the military psychology association along with military psychology institute and to have more interest and opinions of professional psychologists in civil area, 본 연구는 심리학적 지식을 군사 분야에서 효과적으로 활용하기 위한 방안을 모 색하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 최근 군과 관련된 군사심리학적 이슈를 살 펴본 후, 미군과 독일군 등 외국군의 군사심리 활동을 알아보았다. 즉 미군의 경 후에는 미 육군 행동 및 사회과학 연구소와 해군연구국에서 , 독일 연방군의 경 우에는 독일연방군 국방심리국, 내적 지휘센터, 독일연방군 사회과학 연구소에 서 다양한 군 관련 임무와 연구를 수행하고 있었다. 이러한 내용을 바당으로, 한 국군에 적용 가능한 군사심리학적 영역을 7가지로 정리하였다. 간부 선발 및 배 치, 심리적 부적응자 식별, 심리적 부적응자 관리 및 치유, 군상담 프로그램 및 상담 인력의 전문성 강화, 병영문화 개선을 위한 심리적 활동 지원, 파병 관련 심리적 문제 관리, 그리고 군내 사건사고에 대한 심리프로파일 지원, 마지막으로 한국 심리학이 획기적으로 성장할 수 있는 계기를 마련하기 위하여 군사심리 학회의 설립, 군사심리연구소의 설치와 더불어 민간 심리 전문가들의 적극적인 관심과 의견 제안을 강조하였다

자원봉사자들의 탈북자 지원 경험 분석 : 설문결과를 중심으로

강성록,김형중,윤덕룡,전우택,민성길 연세대학교 통일연구원 2001 통일연구 Vol.5 No.1

Objectives: Since 1994, the number of North Korean defectors, escaping North Korea and entering South Korea, has in creased rapidly.The Government has provided most of te support for the defectors' adaptation to their new society.But as the number of defectors has increased, and the support needs have become more various, the support of volunteers from non-governmental organization(NGO) has become very important.To raise the level of the success and effectiveness of the support from the volunteers, their experiences were surveyed and analyzed. Methods: This study surveyed 83 volunteers of 7 NGOs involved in helping North Korean defectors' adaptation to South Korean society-48 men and 34 women. Results: In their relationships with defectors, women volunteers have more difficulties in their first 3 months.However volunteers in their 50s and 60s tend to have more stable and better relationships with defectors than younger volunteers.Many volunteers statedexperiences of human difficulties with defectors, for example, mistrust and anxiety in human relationship (n=34, 41.0%), psychological maladjustment(n=19, 22.9%), different ways of thinking and culture(n=17, 20.5%), economic difficulties(n=10, 12.0%), and lack of independence spirit(n=6, 7.2%).The volunteers said they have feelings of goddwill toward defectors when defectors showed warm heart(n=30, 36.1%), politeness(n=30, 36.1%), positive and active character (n=24, 28.9%), strong will(n=17, 20.5%), and plainness (n=14, 16.0%).The volunteers stated an absence of goodwill feelings to defectors when defectors showed uncompromising and aggressive attitudes (n=29, 34.9%), lack of independent will (n=28, 33.7%), selfishness (n=18, 21.7%), and avoidance of making human relationship (n=16, 19.3%).as for adequate training before commencing activity, 5 volunteers(6.0%) said they had received enough education before their activity, 31(37.3%) relatively enough, 38 (45.8%) relatively not enough, and 9 (10.8%) absolutely not enough education.If they were the owners of al company, 27 volunteers (51.9%) sanid they would want to thire defectors even if the defectors did not have the required ability. Conclusion: These results showed that NGO's volunteers have a friendlier attitude to defectors than policemen n charge and public officials, which is their strong point.Women volunteers experience more difficulties in their early relationships with defectors, suggesting the need for a specific pre-education program for women volunteers.Furthermore, NGOs would benefit from an increase in the number of volunteers in their 50's and 60's.Both volunteers and defectors need to understand each othe to a deeprer extent and the characteristics to which South Korean volunteers feel goodwill need to be used n their education.

스트레스와 대처 전략, 그리고 지각된 통제감이 사관생도의 정신건강에 미치는 효과

강성록,김용주,고재원 육군사관학교 화랑대연구소 2012 한국군사학논집 Vol.68 No.2

The purposes of this study were: 1) to identify the types of stress of cadets, 2) to investigate group differences in the types and severity of stress, perceived control, coping, and mental health, and 3) to verify the main effects as well as moderation effects of mental health based on the goodness-of-fit model. Stresses were categorized into four different factors: job, environments, interpersonal relations, and personal problems. Female cadets reported higher levels of the severity of stress and maladaptive mental health than male cadets. Senior cadets showed the lowest levels of perceived control and problem-focused coping. Grade, the severity of stress, problem-focused and emotional-focused coping independently predicted mental health variables. Finally, there was a tendency that the relationship between perceived control and coping efficacy varied across different levels of problem-focused, as well as social support coping strategies.

베트남전 제대군인의 군복무 경험 평가, 전투 노출과 노년기 PTSD 증상의 관계에서의 조절 및 매개효과

강성록,김세훈,이현엽 육군사관학교 화랑대연구소 2014 한국군사학논집 Vol.70 No.2

The purpose of this study is to study how Korean Vietnam veterans appraise their military service, and to find out whether appraisals of military service moderate or mediate the effect of combat exposure or perceived control to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in later life. The mean rating for the desirable experiences of military service was much higher than for undesirable experiences. The interaction term between combat exposure and desirable as well as undesirable appraisals did not achieve significance. However, the desirable appraisals did buffer the effect of perceived control on PTSD symptoms. Finally, structural equation modeling provided evidence of mediation effects of appraisals on the relationship between combat exposure and PTSD symptoms as well as perceived control and PTSD symptoms.

군복무 부적응 식별 도구의 제안 연구

강성록 육군사관학교 화랑대연구소 2015 한국군사학논집 Vol.71 No.3

The purpose of this study is to suggest scales for identifying maladjustment among Korean servicemen: pre-enlistment maladjustment scale (PMS), human rights scale (HRS), and personal traits scale (PTS). For this purpose, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) has been conducted, targeting 592 servicemen. Its result yielded 3 factors of the PMS, 2 factors of the HRS, and 3 factors of the PTS. The result of confirmatory factor analysis based on a sample of 1,208 servicemen has shown that each model of EFAs fitted well with the data. The internal consistency coefficients for each scale were at reasonable level. Convergent validity was examined through investigating correlations between PMS, HRS, PTS, and GSI of SCL-90-R. Further, maladjustment group showed higher levels of PMS as well as lower levels of HRS and PTS than that of adjustment group. Implications and limitations were discussed along with suggestions for future studies. 본 연구의 목적은 군복무 부적응 인원을 효과적으로 식별하기 위한 도구의 구성 방안을 제안하는 것이다: 입대전 부적응 척도, 기본권 척도, 그리고 개인특성 척도.이러한 목적을 위하여 592명의 병사를 대상으로 탐색적 요인 분석이 수행되었다. 그 결과 입대전 부적응 척도는 3개 요인, 기본권 척도는 2개 요인, 개인특성 척도는 3개 요인이 산출되었다. 1,208명의 병사를 대상으로 한 확인적 요인 분석 결과, 탐색적 요인 분석 모델들이 적합함을 밝혀냈다. 그리고 각 척도의 내적 신뢰도 계수는 양호하였다. 각 척도의 상관 분석을 통해 수렴 타당도를 검증하였다. 그리고 부적응 집단은 적응 집단에 비해 입대전 부적응 수준은 높았고, 기본권과 개인특성 수준은 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점, 추후 연구를 위한 제언이 논의되었다.

해외파병 장병의 정신건강 관리방안에 대한 고찰

강성록,현승주,최윤영,이현엽 육군사관학교 화랑대연구소 2023 한국군사학논집 Vol.79 No.3

본 논문의 목적은 파병 전, 파병 중, 파병 후 단계에서 파병 스트레스 요인으로부터 파병 장병을 보호할 수 있는 효과적인 지원 체계를 밝히는 데 있다. 미군뿐만 아니라 한국군에 있어서 정신건강에 영향을 미치는 파병 스트레스 요인에 대하여 알아보았다. 그리고 미군의 파병 주기 지원 프로그램(Deployment Cycle Support Program; DCSP)에 대해서 자세히 다루었다. 파병 주기 지원 프로그램의 배경과 목표에 추가하여 스크리닝, 건강 평가, 돌봄 체계(CARE), 정신건강 전문가의 역할, 대표적인 정신건강 프로그램, 감압 등과 같은 파병 주기 지원 프로그램의 핵심적인 내용을 분석하였다. 본 문헌고찰을 통해 현재 파병된 장병들의 정신건강 문제를 정확하게 진단하고, 향후 발생 가능한 상황을 예측하여 우리 군에 적합한 정신건강 관리체계를 구축하기 위한 시사점을 제공하고자 한다. 나아가 파병 장병과 그 가족들이 군 복무와 파병 자체를 긍정적으로 평가하고 성장의 기회로 삼을 수 있도록 도울 수 있는 계기를 만들고자 한다. The purpose of this study is to find an effective support system that can protect deployed military service members from stressors of deployment in the pre-deployment, deployment, and post-deployment phases. The results of studies about stressors centered on the U.S. military have been summarized. In addition, the stressors of the Korean military and their influence on mental health were also investigated. The U.S. military Deployment Cycle Support Program (DCSP) was examined in detail. In addition to the background and goals of DCSP, the core contents of DCSP such as screening and health assessment, CARE framework, the role of mental health professionals, representative mental health programs, and decompression were closely analyzed. Through this literature review, we intend to provide implications for establishing a mental health management system suitable for our military by not only accurately diagnosing the mental health problems of the current deployed military service members, but also predicting possible future situations. Furthermore, we need to help deployed military service members and their families to positively evaluate military service and deployment itself and use it as an opportunity for growth.

군내 스트레스 진단 척도의 지휘관심 수준 판정에 관한 연구

강성록,김용주,고재원 육군사관학교 화랑대연구소 2011 한국군사학논집 Vol.67 No.2

There is a need for screening procedures to detect soldiers with maladaptive behavior and to provide them with early, ongoing supports. Main purpose of this study is to develop cutoff scores of the Stress Diagnostic Scale for Korean soldiers to predict accident-related behaviors such as suicide, physical violence, and desertion from barracks by measuring one's causes and current level of stresses, psychological vulnerabilities, and stress reactions. The results indicated that we can classify population into four different groups, i.e., the high risk group, the intermittent risk group, the mild risk group, and the normal group. the results also revealed that an optimal cutoff score to maximize accurate hits and minimize diagnostic errors. The implications of the results are discussed, as well as the directions for future research on screening practices for soldiers with maladaptive behavior.

공개출처정보를 활용한 사이버위협 평가요소의 중요도 분석 연구

강성록,문미남,신규용,이종관 한국융합보안학회 2020 융합보안 논문지 Vol.20 No.1

우리는 일상생활 가운데 사이버위협에 노출된 채 살아가고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 많은 사이버위협 및 공격은 공격자, 공 격목적, 피해규모 등을 명확히 식별하기 어렵고, 단일출처의 정보에 의존하게 되어 객관성 있는 정보를 획득하는 것이 제한된 다. 이에 본 연구의 선행연구[1]에서는 공개출처정보(Open Source Intelligence, OSINT)를 활용한 사이버공격 데이터베이스 (Database, DB)를 구축하기 위한 새로운 방법론을 제시하였다. 본 연구는 사이버 위협을 정량화할 수 있도록 사이버공격 DB 중 사이버 위협 평가요소를 선정하고 그 평가요소에 대한 중요도를 분석하고자 한다. 사이버공격 DB 중 사이버위협의 상대적 중요도에 영향을 미치는 평가요소로 공격목적, 공격범주, 공격대상, 공격 용이성, 공격 지속성, 공개출처정보의 빈도를 선별하고, 각 평가요소들에 대한 하위 계층의 요소들을 선정한 후 각 요소들의 중요도를 계층분석적 의사결정방법(Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP)을 활용하여 분석하였다. It is no exaggeration to say that we live with cyber threats every day. Nevertheless, it is difficult for us to obtain objective information about cyber threats and attacks because it is difficult to clearly identify the attacker, the purpose of attack, and the range of damage, and rely on information from a single source. In the preceding research of this study, we proposed the new approach for establishing Database (DB) for cyber attacks using Open Source Intelligence(OSINT). In this research, we present the evaluation factors for cyber threats among cyber attack DB and analyze the priority of those factors in oder to quantify cyber threats. We select the purpose of attack, attack category, target, ease of attack, attack persistence, frequency of OSINT DB, and factors of the lower layer for each factor as the evaluation factors for cyber threats. After selection, the priority of each factor is analyzed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP).

정서접근적 대처 척도의 타당화 예비연구: 사관학교 생도 표본에서

강성록,양재원 한국임상심리학회 2015 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.34 No.2

The purpose of the present study is to validate Stanton et al(2000b)’s Emotional Approach Coping (EAC) scale in Korean Military Academy cadets. For this purpose, exploratory factor analysis has been conducted, targeting 398 KMA cadets. Its result has disclosed that the EAC scale yields 2 distinct EAC factors: 4 items for emotional process and 4 items for emotional expression. A 2-factor solution accounts for 60.28% of the variance. The result of confirmatory factor analysis based on a sample of 627 KMA cadets has shown that a model of 2 factors fits well with the data: χ2(16)=35.81, CFI=.99, TLI=.99, RMSEA=.05, SRMR=.01. The result also shows a high internal consistency reliability, providing .90 of emotional process and .88 of emotional expression respectively. We have found that emotional process - in its correlations with WOC, positive and negative affect, depression, state anxiety, and satisfaction with life scale - has the characteristic of approach-oriented coping strategies which are usually considered to belong to problem-focused coping. From the result of hierarchical multiple regression analysis, we have known that EAC can take into account the inherent variance in state anxiety and satisfaction with life that negative affect and emotion-focused coping cannot explain. At the end of this study, we have addressed implications and limitations of this study, and have provided recommendations for future studies.

베트남전 참전 제대군인의외상후 스트레스 장애 증상에 대한 예측 변인

강성록,김세훈,이현엽 한국임상심리학회 2014 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.33 No.1

전투에 노출된 제대군인은 노년기에 다양한 신체적, 정신적 증상을 경험하는데, 이중 PTSD는 대표적인 심리적 증상 중 하나이다. 우리나라는 32만 여명을 베트남전에 파병하였으나, 이들에 대한 심리학적 연구는 활발히 진행되지 않았다. 이에 본 연구에서는 베트남전에 참전한 제대군인의 PTSD 증상의 유병률을 파악한 후, 인구 통계학적 변인들, 다양한 전쟁 전(외상적 사건, 가정 환경), 전쟁 중(전투 노출, 통제감, 부대 내 사회적 지지), 전쟁 후 요인(복귀 후 사회적 지지, 추가적인 스트레스 생활사건들) 중 PTSD 증상을 예측하는 변인들을 찾아보고자 했다. 400명의 참전군인을 대상으로 Mississippi PTSD 척도를 사용하여 분석한 결과, Kulka 등(1991)이 제시한 89점의 준거점수를 기준으로 했을 때 163명이 PTSD 준거점수를 넘어 40.8%의 PTSD 증상 유병률을 나타냈다. 각 변인별로 PTSD 증상에 미치는 영향을 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 분석한 결과, 현재 월 수입액이 낮고, 현재 건강상태가 좋지 않으며, 아동기 가정 환경이 부정적이고, 전투 노출이 높을수록, 그리고 베트남전 복귀 후 낮은 사회적 지지를 받고, 스트레스 생활사건을 많이 경험할수록 유의미하게 높은 PTSD 증상이 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점, 추후 연구를 위한 제언을 제시하였다.