장시간 불가피한 공복(fasting)후 인체의 내분비 변화 : 삼풍백화점 붕괴 사고후 구조된 3인의 증례 THREE CASES IN COLLAPSE OF SAMPOONG DEPARTMENT STORE

박규남,황주일,박조현,오동렬,이원재,오승택,김세경,김인철 대한응급의학회 1995 대한응급의학회지 Vol.6 No.2

The interactions between nutrition and the endocrine system are more intimate and complex that previously thought. Nutrition modulates secretion and activity of many hormones, as part of the stress adaptation process. Fasting, in particular, produces a number of important changes in the endocrine system, with teleological purpose of helping the body tolerate the lack of food ingestion. These changes are therefore beneficial and protective, although at times they may not appear to be that way. The endocrine changes of fasting mediate the metabolic response. We must emphasize that these changes are completely reversible when appropriate nutrition is established. These changes are as followes: 1) decreased insulin and increased glucagon levels, 2) decreased thyroid effect, 3) decreased sympathetic activity, 4) hypothalamic hypogonadism, 5) decreased growth, 6) altered glucocorticoid secretion and metabolism, 7) impaired mineralocorticoid response, 8) decreased ADH secretion and effect. We experienced three cases of involuntary prolonged fasting after collapse of Sampoong department store. They were released from collapsed field after 11(case Ⅰ), 13(case Ⅱ), 17days(case Ⅲ) respectively. In each case, the endocrine changes of plasma levels were as followes: decrease of cortisol in case Ⅰ, increase of GH in case Ⅱ, decrease of free T3, T3, cortisol and increase of reverse T3, insulin in case Ⅲ. Each one did not show the same endocrine changes of plasma levels. But we think these changes of fasting are beneficial in metabolic response of human.

마이크로 프로세서에 의한 多重채널 데이터 側定에 관한 硏究

朴奎南,張永學,文彩柱 순천대학교 공업기술연구소 1987 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.1 No.-

Data acquisition of fast time­varying phenomena is relevant to voltage measurement such as speed retrieval of data for analysis, number of channels, etc. To overcome these limitation, a software­based high speed Multichannel Data Acquisition system has been designed and developed. The prototype hardware assembly consists of R6502 microprocessor, 8 bit A/D converter with 8 channel analog multiplexer and related interface circuitry. The data are stored in 32k byte DRAM memory and the stored data are retrieved by a low speed system clock through a digital­to­analog converter onto an X­Y recorder.

외과계 감염증에 대한 Sulperazon(Sulbactam/cefoperazone) 및 Cefoperazone의 임상효과 비교연구

박규주,노동영,김상준,권오중,정중기,홍인규 대한화학요법학회 1990 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.8 No.2

Despite recent advances in development of antibiotics and antiseptic techniques, infection still remains to be one of the major problems in the surgical field. Due to development of bacterial resistance to commonly used antibiotics, there is always a need to develop a new antimicrobial agent which would overcome such resistance. Sulperazon (Sulbactam/Cefoperazone) is a combination drug of potent β-lactamase inhigitor, sulbactam, and cefoperazone which has broad antibacterial spectrum, which was developed to combat against β-lactamase producing microorganisms. In an effort to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sulperazone, we have randomly divided 40 patients (12 with perforated appendicitis, 10 with peritionitis, 6 with GB empyema, 6 with periproctal abscess, 3 with wound infection, 1 liver abscess, 1 pancreatic abscess, and 1 acute cholangitis) into 2 groups (20 patients in each group). One group received daily dose of 2 to 3 grams of sulperazon and the other group received daily dose of 2 to 3 grams of cefoperazone. Following results were obtained : 1. Clinical effect of sulperazon was cure in 16 patients (80%), improvement in 3 patients (15%), compaired to cure in 14 patients (70%), improvement in 4 patients (20%) for the cefoperazone group. 2. Using disc diffusion method, sulperazon was sensitive to all of the isolated microorganisms except β-hemolytic streptococci, which was moderately sensitive. Cefoperazone was sensitive to only E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia. 3. Microbiological effect of sulperazon was eradication of offending microorganisms in 16 patients (80%), compared to 14 patients (70%) in Cefoperazone group. 4. Overall clinical efficacy of sulperazon was 95%, compared to 80% for cefoperazone. 5. Adverse effects due to sulperazon was nausea and diarrhea which occurred in 1 patient respectively. 2 patients receiving cefoperazone experienced diarrhea. It can be concluded that sulperazon is a safe and effective antibiotic agent which can be used in surgical infection patients.

연속 회분식 반응조를 이용한 Nightsoil 중의 유기물 제거에 관한 연구

주충열,최규석,박호성 漢陽大學校環境科學硏究所 1987 環境科學論文集 Vol.8 No.-

본 연구는 회분식 활성슬러지법을 이용하여 분뇨중의 유기물 제거에 관해 조사, 분석하였는데 같은 용적의 연속회분식 반응조(SBR, Sequencing Batch Reactors) 2기를 제작하고 처리량 및 유기물 부하변동에 대한 처리효율변화를 알아보기 위해 처리량을 달리하여 실험하였다. 시료는 분뇨처리장의 일차처리 유출수를 10배 희석하여 사용하였으며 SBR 1은 1일에 1cycle만 운전하여 0.5ℓ를 처리토록 하였고, SBRⅡ는 1일에 3cycle을 운전하여 1.5 ℓ를 처리토록 하였는데 그 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 유기물 제거율은 SBRⅠ이 BOD 92.4%, COD 86.6%, SS 94.5%이었으며 SBRⅡ는 BOD 92.5%, COD 94.3%, SS 94.3%로 처리량이 3배 많았던 SBRⅡ의 유기물 제거율이 SBRⅠ의 유기물제거율과 거의 유사하여 처리량 및 유기물부하 변동에 대한 회분식 활성 슬러지법의 적응능력이 매우 우수한 것으로 나타 났으며 2개의 반응조 모두 유입되는 유기물의 양에 비해 생성되는 슬러지의 양이 적었으므로 잉여슬러지의 폐기가 거의 불필요 하였다. 2. TKN 제거율은 SBRⅠ이 74.0%, SBRⅡ가 79.7%로 시료주입 및 반응을 매 cycle마다 2회로 나누어 실시하였던 SBRⅡ의 처리효율이 더 좋았으므로 질소제거율을 높이기 위해서는 가능한 시료주입 및 반응을 여러차례로 나누어 실시하는 것이 유리한 것으로 나타났다. 3. 계절별로 분뇨의 반입량변동이 매우 심한 읍면 분뇨처리장에 회분식 활성슬러지법을 적용시킬경우 반입량에 따라 cycle을 조절하여 유기물 부하 변동에 쉽게 대처함은 물론, 반입량이 적은 계절에는 cycle 중에서도 대기(Idle)시간을 길게 하므로서 전력비 및 유지관리비도 절감시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단 되었다. Some 1,100 ㎘/day out of 7,900 ㎘/day of collected night soil is treated by small scale rural type night soil treatment plants in Korea. In rural plants, night soil flow varies severely from season to season, thus, the conventional continuous flow activated sludge process is not so feasible technologically as well as economically. This study was carried out to evaluate the performance of Sequencing Batch Reactor(SBR)which can be adapted easily by varying organic loads. Two SBRs of same size were run treating 10 times diluted primary effluents with strength of 490mg/ℓin BOD, 2250mg/ℓin COD, 625mg/ℓin SS;for SBRⅠ, one cycle of feed, react, settle, draw, and idle per day to treat 0.5ℓ/day, and for SBRⅡ, three cycles per day to treat 1.5ℓ/day. The results could be summarized as follows; A. Organic removal efficiency 1) BOD of SBRⅠand SBRⅡeffluents were 37.0mg/ℓand 36.6mg/ℓin average, respectively. Organic removal efficiency of 92.4% for SBRⅠand 92.5% for SBRⅡ were obtained. 2) Average effluent COD from both reactors were same, 302mg/ℓ. Lower removal efficiency of 82.6% was obtained compared to BOD removal. 3) SS of SBRⅠand SBRⅡeffluents were 34.5mg/ℓand 35.5mg/ℓ, respetively. Relativly high SS removal efficieny, 94.5% for SBRⅠand 94.3% for SBRⅡ, was obtained. B. TKN Removal Efficiency. Average TKN removal efficiency was 74.0% for SBRⅠand 79.7% for SBRⅡ. SBRⅡ which had two times of feed and reaction per cycle showed higher efficiency than SBRⅠwhich had one time of feed and reaction per cycle. Therefore, it was thought to be desirable to increase time to fill and reaction for TKN removal. C. In spite of considerably different organic loads, both reactors showed satisfactory organic and nitrogen removal efficiency. This means that SBR process can be satisfactorily applied to the rural type night soil treatment plants. In both reactors, activated sludge produced was so small that the disposal of excess sludge was a minor problem.

인터넷 서비스 유형분석 모델 개발에 관한 연구

박주석,박진휘,이한규 한국경영과학회 2001 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.1(2)

Electronic Commerce grows rapidly in the past few years. Also, the power of EC doesn't become weak in the future. The increase of EC market scale provides powerful foundation to the Internet development. Unlike other technology, Internet has several distinctive character. First, As Internet spreads fast to the public, it became the usable technology to them in a short time. Second, Comparing to other technology, the work with using Internet isn't difficult to public so the basis of technology prepared in a short period. Third, Internet applicates all the industry and economic so, it makes economic foundation for making synergy during a short period. These Internet characters influence to EC growing speed which is basement of Internet growth. Due to Digital revolution giving much more influence than last Industrial Revolution, E-Business such as e-Management, B2B, B2C became the survival strategies for enterprise's management efficiency. Owing to emergence of technology like ultrahigh speed data communication, Broadband communication, wireless Internet, Internet TV, IS95C(2.5GB), 3G and activation of internet business, products and service through Internet become realized. Because of this, Supply of products and service through Internet are on the increase. But demand of voice communication become saturated, so increase of profit and sale through it reach the limit. Communication demand for products and service is a growing tendency. Consequently, research about vision and business strategies of Internet service for promoting the business founded on internet required.

디지탈 영상처리를 위한 데이타 취득 시스템에 관한 연구

박규태,진용옥,김장복,박명구,신태민,김한주 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1983 논문집 Vol.15 No.2

A computer vision system for recognition and processing any visible objects is designed. Analog video images are digitized and stored in the internal memory of a microcomputer system and these digitized data are output through a bit-image printer. The kirsch edge operator is used for the processing. In order to compare the result of Kirsch edge enhancement, two images "a Man" and "a figure" are tested. Because of the limitations of the speed of A/D converter and the capacity of internal memory, the operation of the system is a still-picture mode. Upper 4 bit date of the memory are used for printing out the image, so as to the gray levels are sixteen. The output size of the bit-image printer is 120x120, and 2 horizontal lines are printed simultaneously per 1 carriage return because the printer has a 8 pin head. The system is designed to have compatibility with any microcomputer system which has a S-100 bus structure.

低 直流電流의 測定裝置에 關한 硏究

朴奎南,文彩柱 順天大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.3 No.1

A system for measuring low dc current covering a wide range of currents is presented. It eliminates the need of switches in the circuit where the measured current flows. The system design simplifies the ranging problem and introduces the method for easier development of instrumentation where low dc currents should be measured.

Mycophenolic Acid가 PDGF에 의해 증식 유도된 흰쥐 혈관평활근 세포에서 NAD(P)H Oxidase, 세포내 활성산소족 및 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases에 미치는 영향

박제현,하헌주,김명수,허규하,김유선 이화여자대학교 약학연구소 2004 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.14

Background: Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation plays an important role in the development and progression of chronic allograft vasculopathy as in atherosclerosis. We already reported that mycophenolic acid (MPA) inhibited VSMC proliferation, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in human VSMCs. In this study, we examined further molecular mechanisms involved in the anti-proliferative effect of MPA in rat VSMCs. Methods: Primary rat VSMCs were stimulated with PDGF-BB 10 ng/mL in the presence or absence of MPA and various kinds of cell signaling inhibitors. Cell proliferation was assessed by [H³]-thymidine incorporation, NAD(P)H oxidase subunits mRNA expression by RT-PCR, dichlorofluorescein-sensitive cellular ROS by FACS, and the activation of PDGF receptor-β (Tyr 751), racl, and MAPK by Western blot analysis. Results: PDGF increased cell proliferation and cellular ROS, activation of PDGF receptor-β (Tyr 751), racl, expression of p22phox and MOX1 mRNA, ERK 1/2, and p38 MAPK, compared to control. MPA inhibited up-regulation of racl phosphorylation, p22phox and MOX1 mRNA expression, cellular ROS, and phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK. However, MPA did not affect PDGF receptor-β (Tyr 751) activation. Wortmannin, diphenyleniodonium (DPI), trolox, and NAC, each inhibited PDGF-induced ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK activation. PD98059 and p38 MAPK inhibitor also inhibited PDGF-induced cell proliferation. Conclusion: These results suggest that MPA inhibits PDGF-induced VSMC proliferation through inhibiting NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent cellular ROS leading to ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK activation. 배경 : 혈관평활근 세포의 증식은 장기이식 후 발생하는 혈관경화증이나 동맥경화증의 발생과 진행에 중요한 역할을 한다. Mycophenolic acid (MPA)는 강력한 면역억제제로서 혈관평활근 세포의 증식도 억제한다. 본 연구는 사람의 혈관평활근 세포에서 MPK가 세포증식에 관여하는 신호전달계인 활성산소족과 mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK) 활성화를 억제하는 기존의 연구결과를 바탕으로, PDGF에 의해 증식 유도된 흰쥐 혈관평활근 세포에서 MPA가 세포의 증식을 억제하는 기전을 검색하였다. 방법 : 일차 배양한 흰쥐 혈관평활근 세포를 PDGF-BB 10 ng/mL로 자극하였고, MPA를 비롯한 여러 종류의 신호전달 억제제는 PDGF를 투여하기 1시간 전에 투여하였다. 세포증식은 [H³]-thymidine incorporation으로, NAD(P)H oxidase subunit의 mRNA 표현은 RT-PCR로, dichlorofluorescein에 민감한 세포내 활성산소족은 FACS 방법으로, 그리고 PDGF 수용체-β (Tyr 751), racl 및 MARK 활성하는 Western blot으로 각각 분석하였다. 결과 : PDGF는 PDGF 수용체-β (Tyr 751)의 활성화 및 NAD(P)H oxidase subunit 중 racl의 활성화와 p22phox와 MOX1의 mRNA 표현을 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 증가시켰다. MPA는 PDGF 수용체의 활성화에는 영향을 주지 않았으나, racl의 활성화, p22phox와 MOX1의 mRNA 표현의 상향 조절, 세포내 활성산소족, 그리고 ERK 1/2와 p38 MAPK의 활의한 EFK 1/2와 p38 MAPK 활성화와 세포 증식을 억제하였다. PD98059와 p38 MAPK 억제제는 PDGF에 의한 혈관평활근 세포의 증식을 억제하였다. 결론 : 본 연구결과는 MPA가 NAD(P)H oxidase를 억제함으로써 세포내 활성산소족 생산과, MAPK 활성화를 억제함으로써 PDGF에 의하여 유도되는 혈관평활근 세포의 증식을 억제함을 시사하였다.

우측 귓바퀴 뒷면에 발생한 혈관평활근종 1예

박수정,송현정,김주용,김창덕,김창욱,이규석 대한피부과학회 2006 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.44 No.4

혈중 감마지티피 상승의 임상적 의의

신주연,김용규,박신구,이지나,김환철,임종한,홍윤철 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.1

목적: 혈중 감마지티피는 주로 알코올 섭취와 간세포 손상의 지표로서 이용되어져 왔으나 최근에는 혈중 감마지티피가 체내의 산소성 스트레스를 민감하게 반영하는 지표이며, 혈중 감미지티피를 이용하여 만성질환의 발생을 조기에 예측할 수 있다는 주장들이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 일반 인구 집단을 대상으로 한 건강검진 자료를 분석하여 혈중 감마지티피의 상승에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 분석하고 혈중 감마지티피와 산소성 스트레스와의 관련성 및 임상적인 이용 가능성을 알아보고자 한다. 방법: 2001년부터 2003년까지 한 대학병원 산업의학과에서 건강검진을 실시한 15,546명을 대상으로 하였고 신체계측, 혈액검사 그리고 설문지의 정보를 분석하였다. 총 15,546명 중 남성은 9,660명 이었고 여성은 5,886명 이었다. 연령, 성별, 체질량지수, 흡연, 음주, 운동량 비타민 복용 여부에 따른 혈중 감마지티피의 평균을 분석하였고, 성별에 따른 다변량 분석을 실시하였다. 다변량 분석에는 연령, 체질량지수, 음주빈도, 흡연량, 혈색소, 이완기혈압, 공복시혈당, 총콜레스테롤, ALT를 포함하였다. 결과: 연구 대상자들의 혈중 감마지티피의 평균은 남성에서 평균(±2SD)이 47.51(±111.62)이었고, 여성에서는 19.09(±42.02) 으로서, 대체적으로 정상 범위에 있다고 보여 지나 개인차가 상당히 크다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 다변량 분석의 결과에서는 혈중 감마지티피의 상승에 영향을 미치는 요인이 성별에 따라 다소 달랐으나 남녀 모두에게 연령, 음주빈도, 흡연량, 이완기혈압, 공복시혈당, 총콜레스테롤, ALT가 유의한 영향이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 다변량 로지스틱회귀분석의 결과에서 '임상적 비정상'을 예측함에 있어 혈중 감마지티피가 진단적 유용성이 있음을 확인하였다. 결론: 긴존에 일반적으로 알려져 있는 것처럼 혈중 감마지티피를 단순히 알코올 섭취와 간세포 손상의 지표로서만 볼 수 없으며, 성별, 연령, 흡연, 고지혈증, 당뇨, 고혈압 등 많은 다른 요인들에 의해서 영향을 받으며, 혈중 감마지티피를 산소성 스트레스를 반영하는 생물학적 지표로 해석할 수도 있다. 따라서 혈중 감마지티피의 상승을 임상적으로 해석할 때는 (비록 정상인 범위에 있다하더라도), 알코올 섭취나 간세포 손상 뿐 아니라 다른 여러 요인들을 함께 고려해야 한다. 더욱이 혈중 감미지티피의 상승을 만성질환 즉, 고혈압, 당뇨, 고지혈증 등의 발생을 조기에 발견할 수 있는 지표로서 임상영역이나 건강검진시 유용하게 활용할 수 있을 것이다. Objectives: Incresed gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) concentration has mainly been used as a biologic marker of alcohol drinking and liver diseases. However, some recent reports have suggested that serum GGT concentration may be an early biomarker of oxidative stress and associated with chronic diseases like hypertension, DM, hyperlipidemia, CHD, stroke etc. In this study, we analysed the factors associated with increased serum GGT level and evaluated the clinical application of serum GGT in predicting the risk of chronic diseases. Methods: The data were collected from 15,546 periodic health examinations, 9,660 males and 5,886 females, done at one university hospital from 2001 to 2003. We analysed self-questionnaire, physical examination and laboratory data. Statistical analyses(t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis and logistic regression analysis) were done by SPSS for windows 10.0. Results: Mean serum GGT levels were quite different according to age, sex, BMI, smoking and alcohol drinking (all P-value <0.001), but were not different by regular vitamin intake or not (P-value = 0.117). There was significant correlation between serum GGT level and the variables (of age, BMI, blood pressure, Hb, fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, AST and ALT) (all P-value <0.001). In sex-specific multiple regression analysis, increased serum GGT level was significantly associated with age, alcohol drinking, smoking, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar and ALT in males (all P-value <0.001), and with age, alcohol drinking, smoking, Hb, blood pressure, total cholesterol and ALT in females (all P-value <0.05). In sex-specific logistic regression analysis, increased serum GGT level was significantly associated with risk of 'clinical abnormalities'. This risk increased about 13-fold in males and 4.6-fold in females for serum GGT level over the third quatile, compared with under the first quartile. Conclusions: Serum GGT level is increased not only by alcohol drinking or liver diseases, but also by many other factors associated with chronic diseases and behavioral factors. Thus many factors should be considered in evaluating an increase in GGT level, even when within the upper normal range. Serum GGT level may be a predictor for the early development of chronic diseases.