A Base-generated Approach to Why-Stripping in English

Eun-Jung Yoo 한국언어학회 2014 언어 Vol.39 No.4

Yoo, Eun-Jung. 2014. A Base-generated Approach to Why-Stripping in English. Korean Journal of Linguistics, 39-4, 921-943. Recently, Yoshida et al. (2014) propose a movement-plus-ellipsis analysis of the Why-Stripping construction with base-generation of why in the clause initial position. While agreeing with the idea of base-generated why in this construction, this paper argues that Yoshida et al. have a number of limitations, especially with respect to the clausal ellipsis requirement and the analysis of Stripping constructions with other adverbials. In this paper, a non-movement, non-ellipsis based analysis of the construction will be proposed on the basis of Ginzburg & Sag’s (2000) approach to fragment clauses. By incorporating Minimal Recursion Semantics representations, this paper also provides an account of question interpretations, focus-sensitive readings, and scope relations in why and other adverbial Stripping constructions. (Seoul National University)

Connectivity Effects and Questions as Specificational Subjects

( Eun Jung Yoo ) 한국언어정보학회 2006 언어와 정보 Vol.10 No.2

Connectivity effects have been central issues in dealing with specificational pseudoclefts. While syntactic approaches motivate their analysis in order to explain connectivity effects in terms of a connected clause, these accounts have numerous problems including a wide range of anti-connectivity effects that constitutes crucial counterevidence. On the other hand, semantic accounts of connectivity effects treat BV and BT connectivity by independent interpretive mechanisms, providing a more fundamental explanation for connectivity effects. Yet existing semantic accounts have limitations in explaining syntactic properties and syntactic connectivity effects in SPCs, and in accounting for BV anti-connectivity effects in English. Focusing on BV connectivity, this paper explores how the relevant (anti-)connectivity facts can be accounted for by an analysis that provides both an elaborate syntactic analysis of SPCs and a semantic mechanism for bound anaphora. Based on Yoo`s (2005) non-deletion based, question-answer pair analysis of SPCs, this paper shows that a functional question analysis of a specificational subject, when combined with a theory of operator scope and a non-configurational condition on bound anaphora, can explain various BV (anti-)connectivity patterns in SPCs and related constructions. (Seoul National University)

Connectivity Effects and Questions as Specificational Subjects

Yoo, Eun-Jung Korean Society for Language and Information 2006 언어와 정보 Vol.10 No.2

Connectivity effects have been central issues in dealing with specificational pseudoclefts. While syntactic approaches motivate their analysis in order to explain connectivity effects in terms of a connected clause, these accounts have numerous problems including a wide range of anti-connectivity effects that constitute crucial counterevidence. On the other hand, semantic accounts of connectivity effects treat BV and BT connectivity by independent interpretive mechanisms providing a more fundamental explanation for connectivity effects. Yet existing semantic accounts have limitations in explaining syntactic properties and syntactic connectivity effects in SPCs, and in accounting for BV anti-connectivity effects in English. Focusing on BV connectivity, this paper explores how the relevant (anti-)connectivity facts can be accounted for by an analysis that provides both an elaborate syntactic analysis of SPCs and a semantic mechanism for bound anaphora. Based on Yoo's (2005) non-deletion based, question-answer pair analysis of SPCs, this paper shows that a functional question analysis of a specificational subject, when combined with a theory of operator scope and a non-configurational condition on bound anaphora, can explain various BV (anti-)connectivity patterns in SPCs and related constructions.

자료포락분석(DEA)를 이용한 보건의료의 효율성 측정

김남송,박홍섭,김은진,김설화,김정숙,김현아,김경숙,신지혜,최은정,양은진,유선미,유수진 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 2007 圓光醫科學 Vol.22 No.1

강박장애 환자에서 Sertraline 치료반응의 예측인자에 관한 연구

유은정,우행원,김영철,연규월,김종원,임원정 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.2

연구목적: 1980년 중반부터 강박장애의 치료로 SSRIs가 널리 쓰이고 있으나 치료반응의 예측인자에 대한 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 sertraline 투여후 호전군과 비호전군의 인구학적 특성, 발병연령, 이환기간, 과거의 강방장애에 대한 투약경력, 정신과 질환의 가족력, 증상의 심각도, 임상양상 등의 변수들을 관찰하여 sertraline 치료반응과의 상관관계를 살펴보았으며 치료방응을 예측 할 수 있는 인자를 알아보았다. 방법: 연구 대상은 이대부속 동대문병원 정신과에 입원 또는 외래치료를 받은 환자들 중 정신과 진단 편람제 4판 진단 기준에 의거하여 강박장애로 진단 받은 31명(남자 10명, 여자 21명)이었다. 연구 방법은 sertraline을 하루 50mg씩 투약하면서 Y-BOCS, NIMHOCS, CGI로 강박증상의 변화를 평가하였고, HAM-A로 불안정도의 변화를 측정하여 투약 전 점수와 비교하였다. 결과: 1) Y-BOCS 점수 40%이상 감소와 함께 CGI 점수 2점 이상 감소를 보인 호전군은 대상환자 31명중 17명(54.8%)이었고, 비호전군은 14명이었다. 호전군이 비호전군에 비해 늦은 나이에 발병하는 경향을보였고(p<0.1), 이환기간이 짧았으며(p<0.05), 과거의 강박장애에 대한 투약경력은 적었다(p<0.05), 정신과 질환의 가족력은 두 집단간에 차이가 없었다. 2) 호전군에서 투약 전 Y-BOCS의 강박행동 점수가 유의하게 낮았으며(p<0.05), 기타 다른 평가척도에서는 두 집단간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3) 평균 Y-BOCS 점수는 투약 전에 비해 sertraline 투약 12주째 43.5%가 감소하였다. 투약 전과 비교하여 투약 2주째부터 불안을 평가하는 HAM-A 점수가 유의하게 감소하였고, 투약 4주째부터 Y-BOCS, NIMHOCS, CGI 점수가 유의하게 감소되기 시작하여 12주까지 지속되었다.(p<0.01). 4) 호전군에서 오염에 대한 강박사고와 씻음의 강박행동의 유의하게 많았으며(p<0.05), 셈의 강박행동은 없었다(p<0.05), 병적 의심은 비호전군에서 많은 경향을 보였다(p<0.1). 결론: 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 질병의 이환기간이 짧으며 과거의 강박장애에 대한 투약경력이 적고 투약 전강박행동이 심하지 않으며, 주된 임상양상이 오염에 대한 강박사고와 씻음의 강박행동인 경우 sertra-line에 좋은 치료반응을 보이지만, 셈의 강박행동이 있는 경우에는 치료반응이 좋지 않다고 예측할 수 있다. Objectives: The pharmacologic treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD) with serotonergic antidepressant agents is well established in clinical psychiatry on the basis of serotonin hypothesis. Studies on predictive factors of treatment reponse to OCD are relatively scarce. The author compared the demographic factors, age of onset, length of illness, family history of mental illness, previous drug history for OCD, severity and type of symptoms between the drug reponders and non-responders to find out the predicitive factors that may be related to treatment response. Methods: The subjects were 31, both inpatients and outpatients who met the diagnostic criteria for OCD by DSM-IV and scored 20 or higher on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Com-pulsive Scale(Y-BOCS) completed 12-week trial of sertraline. Y-BOCS, National Institute of Mental Health Obsessive-Compulsive Scale(NIMHOCS), Clinical Global Impression Scale(CGI) were scored to measure the changes of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and Hamilto Anxiety Scale(HAM-A) was measured at each visit. Results: 1) The responders, defined as achieving at least a 40% decrease in the Y-BOCS total score and more than a 2 point decrease in CGI score, were 17(54.8%), and non-responders were 14(45.2%). Responders tended to show later onset(p<0.1), and shorter duration of illness(p<0.05), and less previous drug therapy for OCD(p<0.05) than non-responders. There were no significant differences in family history of mental illness between the two groups. 2) The basline Y-BOCS compulsive score was significantly lower in responders(p<0.05), although there was no significant difference in the basline severity of other measures. 3) The obsession of contamination and washing behaviors were more frequent, but compulsive counting was not shown, in responders(p<0.05). The pathological doubt tended to be more common in nonresponders(p<0.1). Conclusions: In summary, the patients with shorter duration of illness, less prior drug ther-apy for OCD, and less severe compulsive behaviors, and the obsession of contamination and washing behaviors are expected to be better outcome with sertraline, whereas compulsive counting are the predictor of poor response.

대체의학 선택에 영향을 미치는 일반인들의 심리사회적 특성

유희정,노은여,이철,한오수 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 대체의학을 선택하는 사람들의 심리사회적 변인을 다차원상에서 분석해 봄으로써 이 요인들이 어떤 방식으로 선택 과정에 영향을 미치는가를 살펴보고, 대체의학을 선호하는 사람들의 특성을 탐색해 보는 것이다. 서울시에 거주하는 일반인 200명(남 92명, 여 108명)을 대상으로 인구 통계학적 특성, 대체의학에 대한 인지도, 정통의학 기법과 대체의학 기법의 특성, 경험한 대체의학 기법의 종류, 성격변인, 대처방식, 건강에 대한 통제감, 사회적 지지를 측정하였다. 본 연구결과, 연구대상 중 약 80%는 한약을 포함한 대체의학적 치료법을 경험해본 것으로 드러났다. 또한, 대체의학적 기법을 선호하는 사람들일수록 대체의학에 대한 인지도가 높고, 연령수준이 높으며, 적극적-행동적 대처방식을 지니고 있고, 건강에 대한 내적 통제감을 지닌 것으로 드러났다. 대체의학에 대한 관심이 급격히 증가하고, 정통의학 기법과는 달리 대체의학적 치료법의 선택에는 심리적인 요인의 영향이 크다는 점을 감안할 때 앞으로 이 분야에 대한 연구가 보다 폭넓게 진행되어야 하겠다. This study examined the characteristics of people who have preference for complementary medicine and also the psychosocial factors that are related to the selection of complementary medicine. Two-hundred subjects recruited from the community were included in this study. Demographic variables, medical service characteristics, health locus of control, social support, coping style, and personality characteristics such as self-esteem, neuroticism, and hypochon-driasis were measured. It turned out that nearly 80% of the subjects had already experienced at least one alternative therapy in the past. However, past experience was not significant in predicting future complementary medicine usage. People who were older in age, had more information about complementary medicine, used active-behavioural coping styles, and had internal locus of control were more likely to use complementary medicine in the future. Recommendations for furthur research is indicated.

연부조직 육종에서 Cyclin D_(1) 유전자의 증폭에 대한 연구

유재훈,정동준,이정은,김창진 순천향대학교 교수학습개발센터 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.3

The molecular mechanisms of the soft tissue sarcoma is not elucidated. In general, deregulations of the several genes such as oncogenes, antioncogenes, genes regulating apoptosis and cell cycle are known to take part in the carcinogenesis of most carcinomas. Moreover, deregulation of the cell cycle is one of the major carcinogenic mechanisms. The cyclin D_(1) is the most important gene regulating the transition, G_(1). to S, which is the most importan check point in cell cycle. The cyclin D_(1) gene amplification was reported in various carcinomas, but not in sarcomas. In this study, we studied the cyclin D_(1) expression in 10 liposarcomas, 5 rhabdomyosarcomas and 5 malignant fibrous histiocytomas by imunohistochedmistry, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results were as follows; 1. Immunohistochemically, liposarcoma and malignant fibrous histiocytomas expressed moderate degree of cyclin D_(1), however expression was noted in few rhabdo- myosarcomas. 2. The cycline D_(1) gene amplification was not different between normal and sarcomas(p>0.05). 3. There was no positive correlation between cyclin D_(1) expression by immunohistochemistry and cylin D(1)gene amplification. Above results suggest that cyclin D_(1) gene amplifacation does not contribute to the oncogenesis of the sarcomas, and cyclin D_(1) expression by immunohistochemistry does not correlate with the gene amplification. As the sample cases are limited in this study, forther studies with more samples are needed.

아스퍼거 증후군 아동의 언어 및 행동 특성

유은정 한국특수아동학회 2001 특수아동교육연구 Vol.3 No.-

다양한 특성을 가진 특수아동들의 언어, 행동 및 심리적 양상을 올바르게 진단하고 이해하는 것은 교육적 중재의 가장 중요한 요소가 될 것이다. 본 연구에서는 아스퍼거 증후군 아동의 특성을 이해하기 위하여, 언어와 행동 양상을 살펴보았다. 아스퍼거 증후군은 자폐 스펙트럼 장애에 속하지만, 발달상의 특성들은 뚜렷한 구별을 나타내기도 한다. 교사와 부모가 이와 같이 구별되는 특성을 이해하여 교육적 중재와 생활지도를 할 수 있도록 도움을 주고자 하였다. 전반적인 특성에 대한 개관과 실질적인 이해를 돕기 위해 사례 아동을 간단히 소개하였다. 추후에 아스퍼거 아동을 위한 교육 방법과 지도원리 및 프로그램에 대한 실험적 연구가 이루어진다면 임상 및 학교 현장에서 구체적인 정보를 얻을 수있을 것이다. This study is about the characteristics of language and behavior with Asperger Syndrome children. Asperger Syndrome is a condition which is thought to fall within the spectrum of autism-with enough distinct features to warrant its own label. It is characterized by subtle impairments in three areas of development: social communication, social interaction and social imagination. There are, in some cases, additional motor coordination and organizational problems. In clinical field, it is necessary to understand thoroughly the problem of the specific child. This paper is assumed to help the parents, the school teachers and the clinicians to understand the Asperger syndrome children and to manage their educational plan.

치과병원에서 사용되는 진단영상에 대한 JPEG 2000 압축률에 대한 평가

정기훈,한원정,유동수,최순철,김은경 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2005 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.35 No.3

Purpose : To find out the proper compression ratios without degrading image quality and affecting lesion detectability on diagnostic images used in dentistry compressed with JPEG 2000 algorithm. Materials and Methods : Sixty Digora periapical images, sixty panoramic computed radiographic (CR) images, sixty computed tomographic (CT) images, and sixty magnetic resonance (MR) images were compressed into JPEG 2000 with ratios of 10 levels from 5 : 1 to 50 : 1. To evaluate the lesion detectability, the images were graded with 5 levels (1: definitely absent; 2: probably absent; 3: equivocal; 4: probably present; 5: definitely present), and then receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed using the original image as a gold standard. Also to evaluate subjectively the image quality, the images were graded with 5 levels (1: definitely unacceptable; 2: probably unacceptable; 3: equivocal; 4: probably acceptable; 5: definitely acceptable), and then paired t-test was performed. Results : In Digora, CR panoramic and CT images, compressed images up to ratios of 15 : 1 showed nearly the same lesion detectability as original images, and in MR images, compressed images did up to ratios of 25 : 1. In Digora and CR panoramic images, compressed images up to ratios of 5 : 1 showed little difference between the original and reconstructed images in subjective assessment of image quality. In CT images, compressed images did up to ratios of 10 : 1 and in MR images up to ratios of 15 : 1. Conclusion : We considered compression ratios up to 5 : 1 in Digora and CR panoramic images, up to 10 : 1 in CT images, up to 15 : 1 in MR images as clinically applicable compression ratios.

Oyster-Zeolite 흡착탑을 이용한 하수의 유기물질과 질소제거

정병길,정유진,박성현,최호은,성낙창 東亞大學校 建設技術硏究所 2005 硏究論文集 Vol.29 No.1

The objective of this study is to investigated the removal possibility of organic matter and nitrogen contained final effluent of sewage treatment plant using oyster-zeolite adsorption column with waste oyster shell and natural zeolite. The raw water was collected the final effluent of Janglim sewage treatment plant in Busan city. The organic matter and T-N removal efficiency ranged from 2~60% and 38~97%, respectively. In conclusion, oyster-zeolite adsorption column could organic matter and nitrogen removal of final effluent of sewage treatment plant and its economical efficiency is enough because of using recycled waste oyster shell and a cheap natural zeolite.