고온에서 HAN 계열 추진제 액적의 거동에 대한 연구

황창환(Chang Hwan Hwang),백승욱(Seung Wook Baek),한조영(Cho Young Han),김수겸(Su Kyum Kim),전형열(Hyung Yeol Jeon) 한국연소학회 2012 KOSCOSYMPOSIUM논문집 Vol.- No.45

The droplet behavior of 83.9 wt.% HAN water solution was investigated experimentally with various ambient temperature and nitrogen environment. At the initial stage of evaporation under thermal decomposition temperature of HAN, gradual decreasing of droplet diameter was observed. After that, the droplet started to expand due to the internal pressure build up by water nucleation inside the droplet. The micro explosion was observed at higher temperature than the decomposition temperature of HAN and the remaining droplet showed similar behavior of single composition droplet. The decreasing rate was augmented as the ambient temperature increasing.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

고령자 남녀와 20대 남녀에 있어서 다양한 등속수축중 최대 모멘트의 비교

金智源(Ji-Won Kim),金相佑(Sang-Woo Kim),文基旭(Ki-Wook Moon),嚴光文(Gwang-Moon Eom),李泳揆(Young-Gyu Lee),南貞淑(Jung-Sook Nam),朴寬龍(Kwan-Yong Park),金耀翰(Yo-Han Kim),洪廷和(Jeong-Hwa Hong),朴炳奎(Bung-Kyu Park) 대한전기학회 2008 전기학회논문지 Vol.57 No.10

In this paper, we investigated the maximum ankle joint plantarflexion moment (MPM) of young and elderly subjects during various modes of isokinetic contractions with special interest in the elderly females who were reported to have higher fall rate than the elderly males. Subjects include the young subjects (14 males: 22.7±2.5yrs, 13 females: 20.5±1.3yrs) and the elderly subjects (17 males: 65.8±10.5yrs, 26 females: 71.4±5.2yrs). The MPM was normalized by each subject's body weight. The MPM of elderly females was the weakest among the groups, particularly, at the eccentric contractions. The male-to-female ratio of MPM was greater in the elderly than in the young and the young-to-elderly ratio of MPM was greater in female than in male, both during the eccentric contractions. The result suggests that the decreased muscle force per body weight, especially at the eccentric contraction, may be one reason for the more frequent fall of the elderly female than the elderly male.

부산시의 O_3 농도 변화 특성 및 시정에 관한 연구

한영옥,배혜진 부산교육대학교 교육대학원 2000 논문집 Vol.2 No.-

This study analysed O_3 concentration data and various data of meteorological factors to investigate the characteristics of O_3 concentration variation and determined how the high air pollutants concentration was generated under the meteorological condition. It also studied visibility variation and visibility impairment factors. The characteristics of O_3 concentration variation and the characteristics of O_3 episode day(≥60 ppb) were discussed on the base of the O_3 concentration data by air quality monitoring system in Pusan. Also the characteristics of visibility variation and visibility impairment factors were studied on the base of the visibility data and meteorological data of Pusan Meteorological Administration. According to the work, O_3 concentration was increased comparing to the previous year and coastal area was higher O_3 concentration than other area. O_3 episode day is annually increasing and the frequency of episode day is the most in summer. The high concentration of O_3 were occurred in narrow bounds and were not continued for long. Low mean wind speed were important meteorological parameter accompanying with the high episode days. Visibility was gradually decreased until 1990 and after then it was on the increase but poor visibility range became longer than good visibility range. So many people felt air pollution more seriously. Visibility impairment were influenced by TSP concentration, NO_2 concentration, temperature, wind speed and relative humidity. Especially increase of TSP concentration and relative humidity had high generation of low visibility.

웹사이트 활용 교육을 통한 초등학교 6학년 환경교육의 적용방안과 효과

한영욱,심재윤 부산교육대학교 교육대학원 2001 논문집 Vol.3 No.-

In this work, web-site data for the environmental education were searched to use the data-bank. Using this data bank, the environmental education of the elementary students was carried out and investigated the effects on the their environmental academic achievements, their studying attitudes and their mechanism of thinking. The results are as follows: (1) Using the various searching program and instruments, the web-site data about the environmental problems were searched and cataloged by classifying the subjects and URL in order to use the environmental education of elementary students. (2) The selected web-site data were turned out to be complete, satisfactory and valuable to study the various subjects and aspects in the textbook and also for the elementary students. (3) The experimental class using these web-site data and the comparable class not using these data were nearly the same in the academic achievement. Some part of the experimental class had more increase in knowledge and the comparable class had better in attitude.

학습자의 인지양식과 정보처리유형에 따른 초인지 전략 학습이 과학 개념 형성과 지속에 미치는 영향

한영욱,김선주 부산교육대학교 과학교육연구소 2003 科學敎育硏究 Vol.28 No.-

The purpose of this study is to examine the learning effect of Metacognition Strategy Learning on the learner's concept formation when it is applied to teaching concepts in the unit "The change of seasons" in the 6th grade, and to find out the correlation between Metacognition Strategy Learning and characteristics of learners based on Cognitive Styles and Information Processing Types. The research was done on three 6th grade classes of a school in Busan Metropolitan City 68 students of two classes constituted the comparative group, to which conventional teaching methods based on the text book were applied. 35 students of one class constituted the experimental group to which Metacognition Strategy Learning methods were applied. The results are as follows. First, compared to conventional methods, Metacognition Strategy Learning is more effective in the formation, and especially much more effective in the duration, of concepts about the change of seasons. Second, Metacognition Strategy Learning was most effective in the formation and duration of concepts to students of the upper level of metacognitive self-regulation, and was also effective to students in the middle level, and was effective in the duration of concepts about the change of seasons to students in the lower level. Third, in the formation of concepts about the change of seasons according to Cognitive Styles of learners, Metacognition Strategy Learning was most effective in the middle group. In the duration of concepts, it was effective in both the field-independent group and the middle group and was especially very effective in the field-independent group. Fourth, int the formation and duration of concepts about the change of seasons according to Holist Information Processing Types of learners, the effect of Metacognition Strategy Learning had a meaningful effect to the learner of the upper Serialist Information Processing Type; and in the middle Serialist Information Processing Group, the effect of Metacognition Strategy Learning in the duration of concepts could be seen. Therefore, it can be seen that learning using the Metacognition Strategy is effective in the formation and duration of concepts about the change of seasons in elementary school students, and that the higher the score the learner acquired in the Cognitive Style test and the Information Processing Type test, the greater the effect of the Metacognition Strategy Learning on the corresponding learner.

초등학교 5차와 6차 교육과정의 자연과 교과서 지구과학 영역의 분석 및 비교

한영옥 부산교육대학교 과학교육연구소 1996 科學敎育硏究 Vol.21 No.-

The purpose of the present study is to analyze and to compare with the earth science sections of the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th grade science text books of primary school of the 5th curriculum and those of the 6th curriculum. Analysis forms are consisted of giving questions, inquiry processes and knowledges. Inquiry processes are divided by twelve subcategories such as observation, classification, measurement, prediction, inference, hypothesis, operational definition, variable control, data interpretation, model formation, experiment, and record and communication. Knowledge is divided into fact, concept and rule. Comparison items are composed of the names of chapters and units, the number of pages, sentences, pictures and photos, tables, giving question, inquiry process and knowledge containing science text books. The results of analysis and comparison are as follows; 1. the names of chapters are the same for both curriculums. But some of their unit names are different. 2. the numbers of pages and sentences are less in the 3rd and the 4th grade but they are more in the 5th and the 6th grade for the 6th curriculum. The sizes of pictures and photos are bigger for the 6th curriculum. 3. the rate of giving questions are less for 6th curriculum except the second semester of the third grade. 4. the rate of inquiry processes in the sixth curriculum is more emphasizing. 5. the rate of knowledge is less but the rule's rate of knowledge section is emphasizing.

천문분야에 관한 예비교사 및 교사들의 이해도 조사

한영욱,강인석 부산교육대학교 과학교육연구소 2002 科學敎育硏究 Vol.27 No.-

The levels of understanding of the future teachers and the elementary school teachers in the area of the astronomy were investigated through the questionnaire method. The questionnaires were composed of 15 questions which were selected from the area of the elementary science textbooks in the 7th national curriculum. This research was conducted to the 183 future teachers who attended Busan National University of Education and 228 elementary school teachers who worked in Busan and its neighboring cities. The results are as follow; Many of the future teachers and elementary school teachers have some misconceptions in the following questionnaires. 1. They did not know how many seasons' constellations could be observed through one night. 2. They did not know brightness and rotation of the sun. 3. They thought the altitude of the sun was vertical during summer in Korea. 4. They understood that the one of the causes why the summer was hot was the variation in the altitude of the sun, but did not understand the variation in the length of daylight. 5. Only the half of them understood the reason of the lunar phases. 6. Most of them did not understand what stars were and the relationship between color and temperature of the star. 7. They did not know the reason why the stars were twinkling. This study suggests that college educator should keep in mind that the opportunities for teachers to get right scientific conceptions should be given. Also, it is important to supply interesting and understandable teaching materials. The curriculum of the teachers college should be made by correlating with the curriculum of the elementary school.

암석에 관한 초등학교 학생의 개념

한영욱,장임정 부산교육대학교 과학교육연구소 2002 科學敎育硏究 Vol.27 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate students' conceptions on the rock and the difference of conceptions by sex and also to provide the basis of effective learning strategies to correct their misconception. For this study, 48 students were selected from 6th grade of one elementary school in Busan. Data were obtained by questionnaire which is consisted of ten questions on rocks. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Girls were better than boys in the conception about formation of soil. 2. Students didn't have a correct basis of sedimentary rock to be formed. 3. More than 50% students had wrong conception about deposition order. 4. Girls had wrong conception about the formation cause of a metamorphic rock and boys had wrong conception about gneiss. 5. Student' preconception didn't easily change the conceptions to rock cycle. 6. It was found that students had the varied preconceptions on rock and expressed as empirical and visual view rather than scientific expression of the concepts. They had also misconceptions about composition and rock cycle. 7. For sex, girls and boys had similar scientific conceptions. Academically high and middle ranking group had scientific conceptions about rock. 8. Remedial methods such as the observational learning and utilization of audio-visual materials, field trips and visitation of the science facilities will be necessary for students to correct misconceptions.

초등학교 과학과 수업에서 STS 수업 모형 적용에 따른 학습자 특성에 대한 연구

한영욱,심재윤 부산교육대학교 교육대학원 2003 논문집 Vol.5 No.-

This study is about the difference of science knowledge achievement of learner's cognition level and their cognition style after developing and applying a science class program of the 575 models which is presented by Iowa Chautauqua Program. In this study, we picked out two classes. a total of 81 elementary students. The STS class model program was applied to the experimental group and the traditional class was applied to the comparison group. Then we looked into the alteration of the science knowledge achievement, the inquiry ability and the attitude toward science. We also studied on the effect of the student's cognition level and their cognitive style which were differently shown in the STS model class. The results of the study are as follows. First, statistics figures of our study after classes show that the experimental group with the STS class model is significantly higher than the comparison group with the attitude toward science. Secondly, in the cognitive levels, the students with STS model class show much higher statistics in inquiry ability of formal operation stage's alteration, in the attitude toward science of transitional stage's alteration. The students of the concrete operation stage show much higher statistics in the science knowledge achievement and in the inquiry ability. Third, in the cognitive style, the statistics shows that students of the field independent group is higher in the alteration of the science knowledge achievement is higher in the change of attitude toward science, compared with the comparison group with the basic traditional class. So far we have found that class with STS model is much more effective in elementary school students' science achievement than the students with the traditional class, not only in the concrete operation stage about the cognitive levels but also in the middle group between the field independent and the field dependent group on the style of cognition Therefore because most students in elementary school belong to concrete operation stage and the lower levels of cognitive level, we can conclude that the class applied with STS model, which is basically focused on the practical life and subject from real life, affects elementary students more effectively.