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강병구,강호윤 진주산업대학교 1972 論文集 Vol.10 No.-
1) In general, the pumpkins do the corss-pollinations instead of the self-pollinations, because the crops under the self-pollinations are much less than the cross-pollinations, So We only use the self-pollinations for the plant breedings by hand. 2) The seed productions of the pumpkins are gained by the cross-pollinations from the good varieties. 3) If we want to plant the pumpkins for the plant breedings and the seed productions, It is better to pollinate the pumpkins from the second ten days of May to the last ten days of May.
이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1
연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.
Youn-Bong Ku,Hyun-Kyung Oh,Hak-Yong Kong,Min Hwan Suh,Min-Hyo Lee,Sviatlana Trybush,Kang-Hyun Cho 한국통합생물학회 2004 Animal cells and systems Vol.8 No.4
Bupleurum latissimum is a narrowly endemic and endangered plant, restricted to only two small populations on steep cliffs of a small island, Ulleung Island, in Korea. The genetic diversity and population differentiation in the two remnant populations of the species were investigated using RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) analysis. The Nei’s gene diversities were 0.146 in the smaller population of 45 individuals, and 0.151 in the larger population of 61 individuals. The genetic variation was not significantly different between these two populations. Genetic diversity within populations was not low considering the very small size of populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed higher variation within populations (65.9%) than genetic differentiation between them (34.1%). B. latissimum revealed higher population differentiation than other outbreeding species. The differentiation of the populations corresponded to low gene flow (Nem = 0.482). The cluster and principal coordination analyses provide strong support for high population differentiation, showing that all individuals of the two populations have built up population-specific clusters. Although gene flow between the two populations of B. latissimum was limited, they have preserved relatively high levels of genetic variation.
Ku, Youn-Bong,Oh, Hyun-Kyung,Kong, Hak-Yang,Suh, Min-Hwan,Lee, Min-Hyo,Sviatlana, Trybush,Cho, Kang-Hyun The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 2004 Korean journal of biological sciences Vol.8 No.4
Bupleurum latissimum is a narrowly endemic and endangered plant, restricted to only two small populations on steep cliffs of a small island, Ulleung Island, in Korea. The genetic diversity and population differentiation in the two remnant populations of the species were investigated using RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) analysis. The Neis gene diversities were 0.146 in the smaller population of 45 individuals, and 0.151 in the larger population of 61 individuals. The genetic variation was not significantly different between these two populations. Genetic diversity within populations was not low considering the very small size of populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed higher variation within populations (65.9%) than genetic differentiation between them (34.1%). B. latissimum revealed higher population differentiation than other outbreeding species. The differentiation of the populations corresponded to low gene flow (Nem = 0.482). The cluster and principal coordination analyses provide strong support for high population differentiation, showing that all individuals of the two populations have built up population-specific clusters. Although gene flow between the two populations of B. latissimum was limited, they have preserved relatively high levels of genetic variation.
방광이행상피세포암진단에 있어서 요중 NMP22와 BTA검사의 유용성
이수연,강은숙,홍기숙,심봉석,김옥경,구혜수,이정수,장석흔 대한임상병리학회 2000 대한임상병리학회지 Vol.20 No.4
배 경 : 방광암의 진단은 방광경조직검사 및 요세포검사를 통해 이루어졌으나 최근 nuclear matrix protein22 (NMP22)나 bladder tumor antigen (BTA) 검사 등의 비침습적이고 신속한 검사법이 개발되었다. 이에 저자들은 방광암 환자에서 요중 NMP22와 BTA 검사를 시행하여 요세포검사와 비교하였고 그 유용성을 평가하였다. 방 법 : 방광경 조직검사에서 방광암으로 진단된 27명과 정상대조군 23명을 대상으로 하였다. NMP22는 자연 배뇨 검체를 요채집병(Matritech , USA)에 모아 효소면역법으로 측정하였다. BTA 검사는 자연 배뇨검체를 라텍스 입자가 부착된 검사용지(Bard, USA)에 묻혀 노란색이 나타날 때 양성으로 판정하였다. 방광암 환자는 요세포검사를 병행하였다. 결 과 : 방광암 환자의 NMP22의 평균값은 144.6 U/㎖로 건강 대조군의 2.9 U/㎖와 유의한 차이가 있었다(P<0.01). NMP22 검사와 BTA 검사의 민감도는 각각 89%와 74%로서 요세포검사의 민감도인 41%보다 높았다. NMP22 검사의 분화도에 따른 민감도는 grade 1 (G1)은 88%, G2는 82%, G3는 100%였으며(P<0.01) BTA 검사는 각각 63%, 73%, 88%였다(P<0.580). NMP22 검사의 종양 병기에 따른 민감도는 표재성 암은 79%, 침윤성 암은 100%였으며(P=0.110) BTA 검사는 79%, 69%였다(P=0.678). NMP22 검사와 요세포검사를 동시에 시행시의 양성률과, BTA 검사와 요세포검사를 동시에 시행시의 양성률은 각각 96%이었다. 방광암 치료 후 추적검사시 요세포검사와 BTA 검사 결과의 일치율은 75% (24/32)이었다. 방광암이 아닌 비뇨기계 질환 환자에서 BTA 검사의 위양성률은 17% (8/47)이었다. 결 론 : NMP22와 BTA 검사는 방광암의 세포 분화도 및 병기와 무관하게 높은 민감도를 보여 요 검체를 이용하여 비침습적이고 신속하게 시행할 수 있는 유용한 선별 검사로 생각된다. Background : Urinary bladder cancer has been diagnosed by urine cytology and cystoscopy with biopsy. Recently, in vitro noninvasive diagnostic tests, measuring urinary nuclear matrix protein22 (NMP22) and bladder tumor antigen (BTA), were introduced. We analyzed the usefulness of the NMP22 and BTA tests for diagnosing bladder cancer and compared those with voided urine cytology. Methods : Single voided urine specimens were obtained from 27 patients with bladder cancer and 23 healthy volunteers. The urine specimens were assayed by enzyme immunoassay (NMP22, Matrietech , Newton, MA.) and latex immunoassay (BTA, Bard, USA). Urine cytology was performed in patients with bladder cancer. Results : Mean urinary NMP22 level of patients with bladder cancer (144.6 U/㎖) was significantly higher than those of normal controls (2.9 U/㎖, P<0.01). The sensitivities were 89% and 74% for NMP22 and BTA tests, respectively, compared with 41% for voided urine cytology. The sensitivities of NMP22 and BTA tests were 88%, 63% at grade 1 (G1), 82%, 73% at G2, and 100%, 88% at G3, respectively (P<0.01; NMP22, P=0.580; BTA). According to tumor stage, the sensitivities of NMP22 and BTA tests were both 79% at superficial, and 10% and 69% at invasive cancer, respectively (P=0.110; NMP22, P=0.678; BTA). The sensitivities of urine NMP22 and BTA tests combined with urine cytology were both 96%. In following of transitional cell carcinoma patients, agreement between urine cytology and BTA test was 75% (24/32). Among the various urologic disease, false positive rate for BTA test was 17% (8/47). Conclusions : Urinary NMP22 and BTA tests were more sensitive than voided urine cytology regardless of tumor grade and stage, so these noninvasive and simple tests can be used as screening tests for urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma.