Pd 촉매 하에서 알릴 디올의 아릴화 연구 : 방향족 히드록시 케톤 및 페닐 치환된 알릴디올의 합성 Highly Selective Synthesis of Phenyl-Substituted Allylic Diols

강석구,정경윤,박찬희,남궁은영,김태현 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1995 論文集 Vol.46 No.2

The coupling reaction of iodobenzene with allylic diols in the presence of Pd(OAc)_2 and nBu_3P as catalysts using K_2CO_3 as base afforded the phenyl-substituted allylic diols. However, under the same reaction conditions with Et3N as base, phenyl-substituted α-hydroxy ketone was obtained.

2-프로핀일 고리 카보네이트의 Pd(0) 촉매를 이용한 가수소분해반응연구 : (Z)-호모알릴알콜과 2-호모프로핀일 알코올의 합성 Catalyzed Hydrogenolysis of Prop-2-ynylic Cyclic Carbonates

강석구,박동철,정재욱,정경윤 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1994 論文集 Vol.45 No.1

삼중 결합을 갖고 있는 2-프로핀일 고리카보네이틀 Pd(acac)_2와 nBu_3P을 촉매로 하여 포름산 암모늄염을 사용한 탈카르복실화-가수소분해반응을 이용해서 (Z)-호모알릴 알콜과 2-호모프로핀일 알콜을 반응조건에 따라 각각 합성하였다. 그리고 분자끝 2-프로핀일 고리카보네이트의 가수소분해반응을 이용하여 호모알릴 알콜을 합성하였다. (2S. 4Z)-1-(p-메톡시벤질옥시)-2-히드록시-4-헵틴 2b를 광학활성 중간체로 사용하여 pyralid 나방 Aphomia gularis의 male 성페르몬을 합성하였다. The decarboxylation-hydrogenolysis of prof-2-ynylic cyclic carbonates which have an internal acetylenic bond with ammonium formate in the presence of a catalytic amount of [Pd (acac)_2] and nBu_3P afforded(Z)-homoallylic alcohols or homoprop-2-ynylic alcohols dependin on the reaction conditions. however, hydrogenolysis of terminal prop-2-ynylic cyclic carbonates gave homoallylic aicohols; using (2S, 4Z)-1-(p-Methoxybenzyloxy)-2-hydroxy-4-heptyne 2b as a chiral synthon, the male sex pheronome of the pyralid moth Aphomia gularis has been synthesized.

뚜렷한 입체 선택성을 갖는 알릴 디올의 고리 카보네이트와 아세토니드의 Wacker 산화 반응 연구

강석구,정경윤,정재욱,남궁은영,김태현 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1995 論文集 Vol.46 No.1

Palldium(Ⅱ) 촉매 하에서의 말단 알릴 디올의 고리 카보네이트와 아세토니드의 산화반응은 anti-Markovnikov hydation에 의해 알데히드 또는 α,β-불포화 알데히드 만이 생성되었다. 치환된 알릴 디올의 분자내 이중 결합의 반응으로는 (E)-알릴 디올의 경우에 β-케토 생성물을, 반면에 (Z)-알릴디올의 경우엔 α-케토 생성물을 얻을 수 있었다. 치환된 알릴 디올의 고리 카보네이트와 아세토니드에서는 각각 β-케토 화합물과 α,β-케토 화합물 들이 생성되었다. Palladium(Ⅱ)-Catalyzed oxidation of acetonides or cyclic carbonates of terminal allylic diols afforded aldehydes or α,β-unsaturated aldehydes as the sole products, resulting of anti-Markovnikov hydation. For the internal olefins of the substituted allylic diols, (E)-allylic diol provied β-keto-product, whereas (Z)-allylic diol affored α-keto-product. The acetonides and cyclic carbonates of the substituted allylic diols yielded β-keto-products and α,β-unsaturated ketones, respectively.

무궁화 根群 分布에 관한 연구 : 2. 土壤 種類別 實生苗의 根群 分布 2. Root system of seedlings on the soil conditions.

심경구,하유미,김진춘,서병기,강호철 성균관대학교 생명과학자원연구소 1995 生命資源科學硏究 Vol.2 No.1

This study was carried out to examine the characteristics of root system for seedlings of Hibiscus syriacus L. on the different soil conditions as a basic study for the stock of top-root cultivars. The obtained results are summarized as follows; It was significantly different on soil hardness between upland soil with 13 kg f/cm2 until 60 cm depth and waste landfill soil with 5 kg f/cm2 until 5 cm depth. But it was not measured soil hardness under 30 cm of waste landfill soil because of waste base. But soil pH was not different between soil conditions. The root depth of 'SKK 91-3' growing on upland soil was 81.0 cm and it was significantly different as compared with that of 'SKK 91-3' on the waste landfill. In addition, 'SKK 91-3' growing on upland soil had more root weight, root width, root number, main root diameter, and shoot growth than that on the waste landfill. Therefore it was suggested that soil condition affect root growth of seedlings in Hibiscus syriacus L. and then induce top-root system.

군매장의 효율적 POS시스템 운영방안에 관한 실증적 연구 : 공군과 해군의 매장관리 시스템을 중심으로

양경훈,강석구,송병희 중앙대학교 산업경영연구소 1999 산업경영연구 Vol.8 No.2

POS 시스템은 광범위한 적용대상을 가지고 있다. POS 시스템은 편의점이나 백화점과 같은 유통업체로부터 활용되기 시작하였으나 판매정보 이외에 기존 수집 자료를 기초로 상품정보와 재고관리, 수발주에 따른 물류관리, 고객관리, 인사관리에 이르기까지 종합적인 정보를 제공하는 시스템으로 발전되어 나감으로써 제조업체뿐만 아니라 공공기관에 까지 활용되고 있으며 기업의 통합적인 물류관리를 위하여 필수불가결한 시스템으로 자리잡고 있다. 본 연구는 군에서의 효율적인 POS 시스템의 운영방안을 살펴보려 한다. 영리기업이 POS 시스템을 활용하여 정보를 신속, 정확하게 처리함으로써 고객 만족 또는 이윤추구목적은 달성할 수 있었다면 군도 특정영역에서 조직 목표를 달성하는데 POS 시스템을 유용하게 유효한 성과를 거둘 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. POS system was initially introduced to some leading circulation businesses such as CVS or department stores. Since then POS system has been developing into an integral information system, enlarging its range of application - from basic data collection to product information; inventory management; customer service; and personnel management. As circulation companies struggle to get more competitive edge, the number of companies that make strategic use of the secured information is soaring. In pace with the era of information revolution, military organizations have introduced POS system to some daily sales process at BX shops. Since the POS system will surely increase work efficiency, my suggestion, based on the survey, is that the navy should adopt POS system in its BX management. For better results to its full potential, POS system should be designed and implemented in consideration of various demands from relevant departments. Lastly, some measures should be arranged in order to maximize its benefits.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

이중혈류유발 심폐소생술이 심정지를 유발한 개의 단기 생존율에 미치는 영향

황성오,조준휘,강구현,김성환,문중범,이강현,이승환,윤정한,최경훈,홍은석 대한응급의학회 2000 대한응급의학회지 Vol.11 No.3

Background and Objectives: We previously reported that, compared with standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation(S-CPR), better hemodynamic effects could be achieved by simultaneous sterno-thoracic cardiopulmonary resuscitation(SST-CPR) in which we compressed the sternum and constricted the thorax circumferentially during the systolic period by using a device. This study was designed to assess whether SST-CPR, compared with S-CPR, improve the survival rate of dogs with cardiac arrest. Subjects and methods: Twenty-five mongrel dogs(19∼31㎏) were enrolled in this study. After four minutes of ventricular fibrillation induced by an AC current, animals were randomized to resuscitate with either S-CPR(n=13) or SST-CPR(n=12). Epinephrine(1 ㎎) was injected into the right atrium every three minutes after the beginning of CPR. Defibrillation was attempted after 6 minutes of CPR. Standard advanced cardiac life support was started if defibrillation was not successful. Results: SST-CPR resulted in significantly(p<0.001) higher systolic arterial pressure(91±47 vs 47±24 ㎜ Hg), diastolic pressure(43±24 vs 17±10 ㎜ Hg), coronary perfusion pressure(35±25 vs 13±9㎜ Hg), and end tidal CO2 tension(9±4 vs 3±2 ㎜ Hg). Two of 13 animals(15 %) resuscitated with S-CPR and six of 12 animals(50%) resuscitated with SST-CPR survived until 12 hours after cardiac arrest(p<0.05). Donclusion: SST-CPR, compared with S-CPR, improves the short-term survival rate in canine cardiac arrest.

단섬유 인장시험을 이용한 상용 탄소섬유의 기계적 물성

조한익 ( Han Ik Joh ),송해경 ( Hae Kyung Song ),김기영 ( Ki Young Kim ),구본철 ( Bon Cheol Ku1 ),강필현 ( Phil Hyun Kang ),이성호 ( Sung Ho Lee ) 대한금속재료학회(구 대한금속학회) 2013 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.51 No.12

Abstract: In this study, mechanical properties of commercial carbon fibers were evaluated using a single filament tensile test with various fiber gauge lengths. Tensile strength increased significantly with a decreasing length of the test specimens possibly due to small defect sites. The compliance method provided more accurate moduli of the carbon fibers, removing system errors during the single filament tensile test. The Weibull modulus revealed that shorter specimens had an inhomogeneous defect distribution, leading to a higher tensile strength and its standard deviation. X-ray diffractograms of carbon fibers showed a similar crystallinity and orientation in spite of significant differences in the fiber modulus and strength, indicating that crystalline structure of the commercial carbon fibers used in the study was not attributable to the difference in their tensile properties.

Vitamin C Improves Therapeutic Effects of Adipose-derived Stem Cell Transplantation in Mouse Tendonitis Model

KANG, KYUNG-KU,LEE, EUN-JOO,KIM, YOUG-DEUK,CHUNG, MYUNG-JIN,KIM, JUN-YOUNG,KIM, SHIN-YOON,HWANG, SU-KYEUNG,JEONG, KYU-SHIK ANTICANCER RESEARCH 2017 IN VIVO -ATHENS- Vol.31 No.3

<P>Background/Aim: We hypothesized that combined therapy using adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and vitamin C might improve tendon regeneration in tendonitis. To determine combined effects of ASC transplantation with vitamin C, we used senescence marker protein 30 (SMP30)-knockout (KO) mice that cannot biosynthesize vitamin C by themselves. Materials and Methods: SMP30-KO were divided into four groups: Control, vitamin C, ASCs, and vitamin C plus ASCs. Tendonitis was induced in the achilles tendons via injection of collagenase type I. After 1 week, ASCs were injected into the intratendonal region. After 30 days, all mice were sacrificed and Achilles tendons were isolated. Results: Gross and microscopic findings showed mice treated with combination of ASC transplantation and vitamin C showed better tendon regeneration than those in other groups. This combination led to higher serum vitamin C levels than use of vitamin C alone. This indicates that the vitamin C-treated group used more vitamin C as a precursor to collagen synthesis, whereas vitamin C was in excess in the combination group because of the added effect of ASCs on tendon healing. Conclusion: This study showed that vitamin C improved the effect of ASC transplantation on tendonitis by inducing a better stem cell niche.</P>

Performance Analysis of Water-Water Heat Pump System of 100 kW Scale for Cooling Agricultural Facilities

Kang, Youn Ku,Ryou, Young Sun,Jang, Jae Kyung,Kim, Young Hwa,Kim, Jong Goo,Kang, Geum Chun Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2014 바이오시스템공학 Vol.39 No.1

Purpose: In this study, the performance of cooling system with the water-water heat pump system of 100kW scale made for cooling agricultural facilities, especially for horticultural facilities, was analyzed. It was intended to suggest performance criteria and performance improvement for the effective cooling system. Methods: The measuring instruments consisted of two flow meters, a power meter and thermocouples. An ultrasonic and a magnetic flow meter measured the flow rate of the water, which was equivalent to heat transfer fluid. The power meter measured electric power in kW consumed by the heat pump system. T-type thermocouples measured the temperature of each part of the heat pump system. All of measuring instruments were connected to the recorder to store all the data. Results: When the water temperature supplied into the evaporator of the heat pump system was over $20^{\circ}C$, the cooling Coefficient Of Performance(COP) of the system was higher than 3.0. As the water temperature supplied into the evaporator, gradually, lowered, the cooling COP, also, decreased, linearly. Especially, when the water temperature supplied into the evaporator was lower than $15^{\circ}C$, the cooling COP was lower below 2.5. Conclusions: In order to maintain the cooling COP higher than 3.0, we suggest that the water temperature supplied into evaporator from the thermal storage tank should be maintained above $20^{\circ}C$. Also, stratification in the thermal storage tank should be formed well and the circulating pumps and the pipe lines should be arranged in order for the relative low-temperature water to be stored in the lower part of the thermal storage tank.